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Try to save the planet from burning up in this board game

News Feed
Sunday, September 15, 2024

What if solving the climate crisis was as simple as throwing a die?As a lifelong fan of board games and an avid environmentalist, Thomas Yount understood these tabletop pastimes do more than entertain. They can also educate and spark a dialogue. Recognizing climate change as one of the world’s most pressing issues, Yount thought a board game might provide an opportunity to tutor children and young adults in environmental stewardship. “Historically, climate change, as an issue, has only risen to the forefront in the last couple decades,” Yount said. “Maybe there was a day of class on it or a paragraph in a book. “I think it really needs to be more a part of the curriculum.”More than three years ago, Yount, who has worked as a prop master and sound designer in Hollywood, began designing an environmental-themed board game. After production had wrapped for a commercial, he grabbed a spare layout board and began cutting it into makeshift cards, labeling each with a natural disaster, energy source or climate solution. That provided the foundation for Climate Cooldown, an elaborate multiplayer game in which players must overcome natural disasters and invest in clean energy to save the planet from catastrophic global warming. Climate Cooldown is one of several climate-related games that have sprouted up as the effects of climate change become more apparent. Times reporters Noah Haggerty, left, Tony Briscoe, Corinne Purtill and Rosanna Xia play Climate Cooldown. (Michael Blackshire / Los Angeles Times) This summer, popular game maker CATAN released a new version of its classic strategy game set on a fictional island. In CATAN: New Energies, players compete against one another to meet their communities’ energy demands, while taking the risks of pollution into consideration. It presents players with a dilemma: Invest in clean, sustainable energy or opt for cheaper, environmentally damaging, fossil fuels.“Gaming has an incredible power to reflect real-world challenges and inspire thoughtful conversations,” said Benjamin Teuber, who co-designed New Energies with his late father, Klaus Teuber. “As we designed this game, my dad said, ‘A game is an experience — not a lecture.’ Therefore, we are not telling players how to act best. We’re inviting them to learn and draw their own conclusions through play,” he said.In Evolution: Climate, from NorthStar Games, players create their own species and attempt to adapt in the dynamic ecosystem filled with predators, unpredictable food supplies and a fluctuating climate. Yount has introduced Climate Cooldown to students at several private and charter schools across Los Angeles County, including REALM Creative Academy in Santa Monica, Environmental Charter Middle School in Inglewood and Alliance Leichtman-Levine Environmental Science High School in Glassell Park. The game includes cards with more than 70 environmental vocabulary words involving climate solutions, energy sources and disasters. But they can also serve as productive conversation starters. “When I was prototyping it, the kids loved having a game to play where they can learn and talk about it,” Yount said. “They immediately started discussing different topics like, ‘Is nuclear good? I thought it was bad.’ And the teacher said, let’s take a break and talk about it.”Tyler Kenney, who teaches AP environmental science at the Alliance high school, noted that one of the most effective ways to reduce planet-warming emissions is educating people about climate solutions. For some students, the problem is getting them to pay attention. “I’ve continued to see different opportunities to gamify education,” Kenney said. “How do we take all of these critical topics that we’re teaching in school [and turn those into] very tangible results in our personal carbon footprint?”He incorporated Climate Cooldown into his lesson plan last winter. In addition to having his class play the game, he challenged his students to consider career paths that might arise from climate solutions it referenced. One of his senior students said the assignment inspired him to explore taking classes on aquaculture, the practice of fish farming, at Santa Monica College.In Climate Cooldown, players represent four regions of the world, all with varying access to critical resources — electricity, water and food. They must phase out their region’s fossil fuels by allocating their finite resources toward new, clean energy sources while keeping the global temperature below critical levels. Making matters more complicated, round after round, they encounter bouts of disasters that imperil their resources and challenge their strategy. As with the real-world challenge of global warming, the most fundamental rule of the game is that either players win together as a team or everyone loses.“I specifically wanted to design it to be cooperative because I think that it provides an opportunity for us to practice working together as global citizens,” Yount said. “Because we’re all going to have adverse impacts, climate shocks and disasters. So being able to look out for each other during those hard times is a really good thing to practice.” The creator of Climate Countdown said he “specifically wanted to design it to be cooperative because I think that it provides an opportunity for us to practice working together as global citizens.” (Michael Blackshire / Los Angeles Times) The game, Yount said, helps to provide players with a sense of agency and optimism when facing an issue that often leaves people feeling powerless. “Children tend to think of things as ‘this is how things should be.’ It charges them up to think we could do this and we should do this.”Yount says he’s encountered “people who are older” who ask, “ ‘Do you think we really do have hope?’ And I tell them I really do. You have to be realistic about it, but I do think it’s important for us to have hope and action — together.”Over the summer, I enlisted three of my colleagues on The Times’ science, environment and health team — Rosanna Xia, Corinne Purtill and Noah Haggerty — to play Climate Cooldown and see how we might fare.After we opened the game board illustrating a world map, we soon realized it was as complex and daunting as the subject it was trying to spotlight. We each drew cards representing the fossil fuel industries our regions needed to divest from. I got petroleum, a card with the silhouette of a pumpjack, like those bobbing in the Inglewood Oil Field not far from our office. Corinne and Noah got natural gas power. Rosanna got coal power, the dirtiest form of energy, which continues to pollute other Western states like Nevada.Noah and I didn’t have much food in our regions. By comparison, Corinne’s and Rosanna’s regions were abundant. But those supplies dwindled as we drew disaster cards to start each round. Rosanna’s region was devastated by flooding, Noah’s people were stricken by famine, my region had been rocked by an earthquake, and Corinne’s was battered by a cyclone. Then we had to decide if we wanted to put resources toward deploying new energy, environmental conservation or engage in diplomacy.Rosanna quickly invested in wind and nuclear power, emission-free sources of energy. She donated food to Noah, who dedicated his resources to getting wind and more hydroelectric power. When I drew an energy card, I got a biomass power plant. Corinne put her resources in nuclear power and cooled down by supporting Indigenous land stewardship.Despite our initial investments, we continued to creep closer to climate catastrophe.But as the game continued, we began cooperating. We asked for advice. We donated our extra food. And we made decisions that benefited our common goal. By the fourth round, we won. “The lessons for me were: Make friends early and take care of each other,” Rosanna said, “because it’s important to divest sooner than later.” Newsletter Toward a more sustainable California Get Boiling Point, our newsletter exploring climate change, energy and the environment, and become part of the conversation — and the solution. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.

How did this guy turn the nightmare of climate change into an intriguing, compelling and educational experience? By creating a board game, of course.

What if solving the climate crisis was as simple as throwing a die?

As a lifelong fan of board games and an avid environmentalist, Thomas Yount understood these tabletop pastimes do more than entertain. They can also educate and spark a dialogue. Recognizing climate change as one of the world’s most pressing issues, Yount thought a board game might provide an opportunity to tutor children and young adults in environmental stewardship.

“Historically, climate change, as an issue, has only risen to the forefront in the last couple decades,” Yount said. “Maybe there was a day of class on it or a paragraph in a book. “I think it really needs to be more a part of the curriculum.”

More than three years ago, Yount, who has worked as a prop master and sound designer in Hollywood, began designing an environmental-themed board game. After production had wrapped for a commercial, he grabbed a spare layout board and began cutting it into makeshift cards, labeling each with a natural disaster, energy source or climate solution. That provided the foundation for Climate Cooldown, an elaborate multiplayer game in which players must overcome natural disasters and invest in clean energy to save the planet from catastrophic global warming.

Climate Cooldown is one of several climate-related games that have sprouted up as the effects of climate change become more apparent.

Times staffers play a board game.

Times reporters Noah Haggerty, left, Tony Briscoe, Corinne Purtill and Rosanna Xia play Climate Cooldown.

(Michael Blackshire / Los Angeles Times)

This summer, popular game maker CATAN released a new version of its classic strategy game set on a fictional island. In CATAN: New Energies, players compete against one another to meet their communities’ energy demands, while taking the risks of pollution into consideration. It presents players with a dilemma: Invest in clean, sustainable energy or opt for cheaper, environmentally damaging, fossil fuels.

“Gaming has an incredible power to reflect real-world challenges and inspire thoughtful conversations,” said Benjamin Teuber, who co-designed New Energies with his late father, Klaus Teuber.

“As we designed this game, my dad said, ‘A game is an experience — not a lecture.’ Therefore, we are not telling players how to act best. We’re inviting them to learn and draw their own conclusions through play,” he said.

In Evolution: Climate, from NorthStar Games, players create their own species and attempt to adapt in the dynamic ecosystem filled with predators, unpredictable food supplies and a fluctuating climate.

Yount has introduced Climate Cooldown to students at several private and charter schools across Los Angeles County, including REALM Creative Academy in Santa Monica, Environmental Charter Middle School in Inglewood and Alliance Leichtman-Levine Environmental Science High School in Glassell Park. The game includes cards with more than 70 environmental vocabulary words involving climate solutions, energy sources and disasters. But they can also serve as productive conversation starters.

“When I was prototyping it, the kids loved having a game to play where they can learn and talk about it,” Yount said. “They immediately started discussing different topics like, ‘Is nuclear good? I thought it was bad.’ And the teacher said, let’s take a break and talk about it.”

Tyler Kenney, who teaches AP environmental science at the Alliance high school, noted that one of the most effective ways to reduce planet-warming emissions is educating people about climate solutions. For some students, the problem is getting them to pay attention.

“I’ve continued to see different opportunities to gamify education,” Kenney said. “How do we take all of these critical topics that we’re teaching in school [and turn those into] very tangible results in our personal carbon footprint?”

He incorporated Climate Cooldown into his lesson plan last winter. In addition to having his class play the game, he challenged his students to consider career paths that might arise from climate solutions it referenced. One of his senior students said the assignment inspired him to explore taking classes on aquaculture, the practice of fish farming, at Santa Monica College.

In Climate Cooldown, players represent four regions of the world, all with varying access to critical resources — electricity, water and food. They must phase out their region’s fossil fuels by allocating their finite resources toward new, clean energy sources while keeping the global temperature below critical levels.

Making matters more complicated, round after round, they encounter bouts of disasters that imperil their resources and challenge their strategy. As with the real-world challenge of global warming, the most fundamental rule of the game is that either players win together as a team or everyone loses.

“I specifically wanted to design it to be cooperative because I think that it provides an opportunity for us to practice working together as global citizens,” Yount said. “Because we’re all going to have adverse impacts, climate shocks and disasters. So being able to look out for each other during those hard times is a really good thing to practice.”

A hand holding a card for volcanic eruption.

The creator of Climate Countdown said he “specifically wanted to design it to be cooperative because I think that it provides an opportunity for us to practice working together as global citizens.”

(Michael Blackshire / Los Angeles Times)

The game, Yount said, helps to provide players with a sense of agency and optimism when facing an issue that often leaves people feeling powerless. “Children tend to think of things as ‘this is how things should be.’ It charges them up to think we could do this and we should do this.”

Yount says he’s encountered “people who are older” who ask, “ ‘Do you think we really do have hope?’ And I tell them I really do. You have to be realistic about it, but I do think it’s important for us to have hope and action — together.”

Over the summer, I enlisted three of my colleagues on The Times’ science, environment and health team — Rosanna Xia, Corinne Purtill and Noah Haggerty — to play Climate Cooldown and see how we might fare.

After we opened the game board illustrating a world map, we soon realized it was as complex and daunting as the subject it was trying to spotlight.

We each drew cards representing the fossil fuel industries our regions needed to divest from. I got petroleum, a card with the silhouette of a pumpjack, like those bobbing in the Inglewood Oil Field not far from our office. Corinne and Noah got natural gas power. Rosanna got coal power, the dirtiest form of energy, which continues to pollute other Western states like Nevada.

Noah and I didn’t have much food in our regions. By comparison, Corinne’s and Rosanna’s regions were abundant. But those supplies dwindled as we drew disaster cards to start each round. Rosanna’s region was devastated by flooding, Noah’s people were stricken by famine, my region had been rocked by an earthquake, and Corinne’s was battered by a cyclone. Then we had to decide if we wanted to put resources toward deploying new energy, environmental conservation or engage in diplomacy.

Rosanna quickly invested in wind and nuclear power, emission-free sources of energy. She donated food to Noah, who dedicated his resources to getting wind and more hydroelectric power. When I drew an energy card, I got a biomass power plant. Corinne put her resources in nuclear power and cooled down by supporting Indigenous land stewardship.

Despite our initial investments, we continued to creep closer to climate catastrophe.

But as the game continued, we began cooperating. We asked for advice. We donated our extra food. And we made decisions that benefited our common goal.

By the fourth round, we won.

“The lessons for me were: Make friends early and take care of each other,” Rosanna said, “because it’s important to divest sooner than later.”

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New York Eyes Record Climate Week Despite Trump Attacks on Green Agenda

By Simon Jessop, Katy Daigle and Kate Abnett(Reuters) - When Climate Week kicks off on Sunday in New York City, it will mark the event’s biggest...

By Simon Jessop, Katy Daigle and Kate Abnett(Reuters) - When Climate Week kicks off on Sunday in New York City, it will mark the event’s biggest year yet – with organizers reporting a record number of companies participating and more events than ever to attend.Almost no one had expected this response in a year that has seen the event’s host country – and the world’s wealthiest – set to a climate-denying agenda of boosting fossil fuels, rolling back pollution regulation and defunding U.S. science and climate action.Organizers of Climate Week even wondered, “Would people show up?” said Climate Group Chief Executive Officer Helen Clarkson.“Actually, there's huge enthusiasm for it," Clarkson said.Held alongside the U.N. General Assembly since 2009, this year’s Climate Week showcases more than 1,000 events – including presentations, panel discussions and swanky cocktail parties – hosted by environmental nonprofits, companies and philanthropists hoping to generate deals and discussion around protecting the planet.Last year’s Climate Week, by comparison, saw about 900 events.The boost in engagement has come “precisely as an antidote to the current U.S. administration’s attitude toward climate change,” former U.N. climate chief Christiana Figueres told Reuters in an interview.Ten years ago, Figueres helped to craft the 2015 Paris Treaty under which countries agreed to hold the global temperatures to within 2 degrees Celsius of the preindustrial average while aiming for a more ambitious target of 1.5 degrees Celsius.But while national governments were pushing the climate agenda 10 years ago, Figueres said, the situation has since drastically changed.“The pull now is coming from stakeholders, from the real economy, from market forces that are pulling forward,” Figueres said.The Swiss carbon capture firm Climeworks has booked itself for nearly four times the number of events this year compared with last year, after the company in February raised $162 million toward improving its technology and growing the company, Co-Chief Executive Christoph Gebald said."We're continuing to see demand increase for carbon removals,” Gebald said. For Climate Week, "the level of interest from the most senior levels of companies is higher than ever.”Many major fossil fuel companies and some oil-dependent governments, however, have made moves toward reversing previous climate commitments.With the U.N. General Assembly meeting at the same time, Climate Week has developed into a major networking opportunity for CEOs and investors to rub elbows with visiting world leaders.The Assembly will take up the climate change issue on Wednesday, when Secretary-General Antonio Guterrez hosts a special “climate summit.” Many leaders are expected to announce new climate targets, or Nationally Determined Contributions.Neither the U.S. nor the European Union will be among them, despite having acted as leaders of the global climate agenda in the past. Instead, China, COP30 host Brazil and other fast-developing nations have taken a more active role in setting the agenda.China’s emissions-reduction plan could also be announced any day but may underwhelm on ambition, climate sources said.Meanwhile, the European Union is still struggling to reach agreement about how ambitious those targets should be – raising tensions about whether Brazil’s COP30 summit starting in only seven weeks will succeed."Historically, Europe has been in the front, both when it comes to taking ambitious targets ... also on the financial side of the international agreements," Danish climate minister Lars Aagaard said. But "Europe's role in the world has changed. We are 6% of global emissions. So therefore, there is also a call from our side that all parties to the Paris Agreement also should lift their responsibility." The region is nevertheless seeing fast progress in its energy transition, with the EU projecting a 54% reduction in its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 from 1990 levels - meaning member countries are nearly on track for the EU's previous 55% target for 2030.With leaders at November’s COP30 set to focus on boosting implementation of promises made in the past, experts say companies need to be in the conversation now.More than half of the world's biggest companies have pledged to reach net-zero emissions by mid-century, in line with the world's climate goal, according to data from the non-profit Net-Zero Tracker.But according to an analysis by the TPI Global Climate Transition Centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science, a whopping 98% of companies have shared no plans for aligning their spending with those commitments."The challenge for New York Climate Week and beyond is to ensure that individuals and institutions come together in new ways to reimagine how we can cooperate against common threats," said Rajiv Shah, president of The Rockefeller Foundation.A survey released on Thursday by the foundation that questioned 36,348 people worldwide estimated that most of the world’s population - a full 86% - believed international cooperation was crucial for climate action.(Reporting by Simon Jessop in London, Katy Daigle in Washington, D.C., and Kate Abnett in Brussels; Additional reporting by Axel Threlfall in London; Editing by Mark Porter)Copyright 2025 Thomson Reuters.

Key oceans treaty crosses threshold to come into force

Sixty states have ratified a global treaty to protect the oceans - it will become law in January.

A global agreement designed to protect the world's oceans and reverse damage to marine life is set to become international law. The High Seas Treaty received its 60th ratification by Morocco on Friday, meaning that it will now take effect from January.The deal, which has been two decades in the making, will pave the way for international waters to be placed into marine protected areas.Environmentalists heralded the milestone as a "monumental achievement" and evidence that countries can work together for environmental protection."Covering more than two-thirds of the ocean, the agreement sets binding rules to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity," United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said.Decades of overfishing, pollution from shipping and warming oceans from climate change have damaged life below the surface. In the latest assessment of marine species, nearly 10% were found to be at risk of extinction, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).Three years ago countries agreed that 30% of the world's national and international waters - high seas - must be protected by 2030 to help depleted marine life recover.But protecting the high seas is challenging. No one country controls these waters and all nations have a right to ship and fish there. Currently just 1% of the high seas are protected, leaving marine life at risk from overexploitation. So, in 2023 countries signed the High Seas Treaty pledging to put 30% of these waters into Marine Protected Areas.But it was only able to enter force if more than 60 nations ratified it - meaning they agreed to be legally bound by it. With many nations requiring parliament approval, ratification can often take more than five years, Elizabeth Wilson, senior director for environmental policy at environmental NGO The Pews Charitable Trust, told the BBC at the UN Oceans Conference earlier this year. She said this was "record time". The UK introduced its bill for ratification to Parliament earlier this month. Kirsten Schuijt, director general of WWF International, hailed "a monumental achievement for ocean conservation" after the treaty threshold was reached. She added: "The High Seas Treaty will be a positive catalyst for collaboration across international waters and agreements and is a turning point for two-thirds of the world's ocean that lie beyond national jurisdiction."Mads Christensen, executive director of Greenpeace International, called it "a landmark moment" and "proof that countries can come together to protect our blue planet". "The era of exploitation and destruction must end. Our oceans can't wait and neither can we," he added.Once the treaty comes into force, countries will propose areas to be protected, and these will then be voted on by the countries that sign up to the treaty.Critics point out that countries will conduct their own environmental impact assessments (EIA) and make the final decision - although other countries can register concerns with the monitoring bodies.The ocean is crucial for the survival of all organisms on the planet. It is the largest ecosystem, is estimated to contribute $2.5 trillion to world economies, and provides up to 80% of the oxygen we breathe.

Newsom signs slate of climate, energy bills in California

California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) on Friday signed a slate of bills regarding climate and clean energy in an effort to “lower electricity costs, stabilize the petroleum market and slash air pollution.” The measures signed into law include legislation to increase climate credits on utility bills, expand regional power markets out West, add $18 billion...

California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) on Friday signed a slate of bills regarding climate and clean energy in an effort to “lower electricity costs, stabilize the petroleum market and slash air pollution.” The measures signed into law include legislation to increase climate credits on utility bills, expand regional power markets out West, add $18 billion to the California Wildfire Fund and allocate $1 billion annually to a high-speed rail project.  The cap-and-trade program, now to be known as “cap-and-invest,” was reauthorized through 2045, "making polluters pay for projects that support our most impacted communities, Newsom said in a statement. “We've got to manifest our ideals and our goals. And so this lays it out, but it lays it out without laying tracks over folks…the issue of affordability, as you heard, is top of mind,” Newsom said during a Friday signing event.  Amid the onset of refinery closures in the state, the governor approved a Republican-backed bill to support more offshore drilling in Kern County, an area rich with fossil fuel resources. Republican state Sen. Shannon Grove said the legislation will “stabilize fuel prices for all Californians” during a speech on the floor last week. The legislative package also earned applause from environmental advocates who have celebrated efforts by Newsom. “We applaud Governor Newsom and California legislators for leading the way in cutting pollution, lowering bills, and building more resilient communities. Now we must accelerate this kind of progress in California and across the nation to meet the full scale of the climate crisis,” Evergreen Action vice president for states Justin Balik said in a Friday statement. The California governor said Friday the state will push forward to lead the nation with “practical application business.” “We're getting it done here today,” Newsom said. “So finding a balanced approach, setting forth strategies to achieve audacious goals that simply no other large-scale jurisdiction in the world can lay claim to, and doing it in a way that reduces the burden on ratepayers and taxpayers.”

Newsom signs climate overhaul, extending cap and trade while boosting oil drilling

A set of laws Gov. Gavin Newsom signed today extends California clean-energy programs while taking steps to shore up oil and gas production. It also opens the door to a Western energy grid.

In summary A set of laws Gov. Gavin Newsom signed today extends California clean-energy programs while taking steps to shore up oil and gas production. It also opens the door to a Western energy grid. Gov. Gavin Newsom today signed a sweeping package of climate and energy policies to extend the cap-and-trade greenhouse gas emissions program, increase oil drilling and allow the state to create a Western regional electricity market.  The overhaul that Newsom and top lawmakers negotiated in the final days of the legislative session amid heavy lobbying last week reflects urgency in the Democratic Party to preserve its climate goals while simultaneously reining in the surging gas and energy costs that have threatened to drive voters to the right.  Lawmakers opened the session this year declaring a focus on making California more affordable, following a bruising national election for Democrats. The energy package was central to that goal, with progressives proposing to lower costs with industry regulations. But after two years declaring special sessions targeting the oil and gas industry, Newsom began to warm up to them as oil refineries announced closures that could send gas prices spiking. As a result, one of the bills he signed Friday would boost domestic oil production in Kern County by approving a long-delayed environmental impact report for new wells.  “We have to effectively transition,” Newsom said at an event in San Francisco. “This is not an ideological endeavor. We’re in the practical application business. We’ve got to manifest our ideals and our goals. So this lays it out. But it lays it out without laying tracks over folks.” The biggest part of the complex package he signed were bills to extend the state’s cap and trade program, which since 2013 has put a price tag on carbon emissions. The program caps the amount of greenhouse gases that polluting industries can emit, and to a limited extent allows companies that cut emissions to sell permits to other companies that pollute. The program raises money for many of the state’s climate programs.  The extension leaves the program largely the same, which disappointed environmental justice advocates who argued it has allowed oil and gas to continue polluting near low-income communities. In a nod to those concerns, Newsom also signed another bill in the package that creates a state fund to monitor pollution mitigation in disadvantaged communities. He also signed two bills affecting the electricity grid. One would allow the state to create a Western regional energy market, allowing the state to trade more electricity with neighbors.  Proponents, including mainstream environmental groups, say the idea would lower prices by allowing California producers to sell excess clean energy during times the state doesn’t need it — when it’s sunny, but not hot, for example, while importing power during heat waves and other high-demand times.  The other bill aims to lower the cost of transmission infrastructure for customers by setting up a public financing system for building new power lines. It would also prevent some utilities’ wildfire mitigation costs from being passed on to customers, and replenish the state’s wildfire fund by $18 billion. The money, paid by shareholders and ratepayers over the next decade, is used to pay wildfire victims.  The package Newsom signed leaves one imminent concern unaddressed: upcoming refinery closures. Negotiations late in the legislative session to keep two Bay Area refineries open have so far failed to produce any deals.  Some Democrats simply didn’t want to give more to the oil industry, while others disagreed on how much support the state should provide, Assemblymember Lori Wilson, a Suisun City Democrat, told CalMatters last week. Wilson had been pushing for the state to support the Valero refinery in Benicia that is now set to close by the end of the year without a deal, costing the city its largest private employer.  Cayla Mihalovich is a California Local News fellow.

Wildfire Smoke Will Likely Kill Thousands More Americans Each Year

A new analysis finds that 30,000 more Americans are expected to die from wildfire-smoke exposure annually by 2050

Wildfire Smoke Will Likely Kill Thousands More Americans Each Year A new analysis finds that 30,000 more Americans are expected to die from wildfire-smoke exposure annually by 2050 Sara Hashemi - Daily Correspondent September 19, 2025 1:13 p.m. The annual average concentration of PM 2.5 expected in 2050.  Stanford University As our planet continues to warm, the number of Americans who die each year from wildfire smoke could rise from 40,000 today to 71,000 in 2050, finds a recent study. Scientists usually focus on PM 2.5—particulate matter that measures 2.5 microns across and can penetrate the lungs and bloodstream—to track air quality. While there have been studies on the effects of PM 2.5, most of them haven’t focused on wildfire smoke exposure. This new work provides a sobering look at just how many lives will be impacted by wildfires in the coming decades. The analysis, published in the journal Nature on Thursday, combined two decades of death records with climate and wildfire data across North America. The researchers used a machine learning model to predict how changes in wildfire emissions in one place affected smoke concentrations in another. They found that when smoke exposure was higher, there were more deaths. “This paper is a wake-up call for people,” says Kai Chen, an environmental epidemiologist at the Yale School of Public Health who was not involved in the study, to Sachi Kitajima Mulkey and Harry Stevens at the New York Times. “It shows this is a nationwide problem, and it’s tied to climate change.” Quick fact: The state of wildfires Over the past 20 years, the frequency and intensity of extreme wildfires around the globe have more than doubled, according a study in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution published in June 2024. Some states will be impacted more heavily than others. The largest projected increases in death are in California and New York, with 5,060 additional deaths and 1,810 additional deaths a year, respectively. Washington, Texas and Pennsylvania will also see significantly more deaths compared to other states. The study also measures the economic impacts of smoke-related deaths, and found that they translate to $608 billion in annual damages by 2050. That exceeds costs from all other climate-driven damages in the United States, combined. A separate study, also published in Nature this week, further highlights the devastating impact of wildfire smoke not just in the United States, but around the world. The researchers estimate that 1.4 million people will die from wildfire smoke around the world each year by the end of the century—six times more than the current death toll—and most of those deaths will occur in Africa. The authors of the first paper stress that these numbers depend on how we respond to climate change. The models don’t consider worsening climate scenarios, but they also don’t consider possible adaptations. Marshall Burke, an environmental economist at Stanford University and study co-author, tells the New York Times that encouraging the use of air filters and masks during smoke events could also lead to improvements. “The numbers are really striking, but those don’t need to be inevitable,” Minghao Qiu, an environmental scientist at Stony Brook University and the paper’s lead author, tells Matt Simon at Grist. “There are a lot of things we could do to reduce this number.” Burke tells Oliver Milman at the Guardian, “If we want to reduce impacts in the next 30 years, mitigation is important, but it’s actually not the key lever." He adds, “The two key levers are reducing extreme wildfire activity through other approaches, so fuels management, and second, making sure we are well protected when smoke events happen. Right now we are not very well protected.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.

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