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Nature destruction will cause bigger economic slump in UK than 2008 crisis, experts warn

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Thursday, April 25, 2024

The destruction of nature over the rest of the decade could trigger a bigger economic slump in Britain than those caused by the 2008 global financial crisis and the Covid pandemic, experts have warned.Sounding the alarm over the rising financial cost from pollution, damage to water systems, soil erosion, and threats from disease, the report by the Green Finance Institute warned that further breakdown in the UK’s natural environment could lead to a 12% loss of gross domestic product (GDP) by the 2030s.In a report that received input from experts across academia and government, the authors argued that “gradual, year-to year environmental degradation is as detrimental or more so than climate change”.The continued loss of natural habitats in urban and rural areas would compare unfavourably with the financial crisis of 2008, which took about 5% off the value of UK GDP, while the Covid pandemic cost the UK 11% of its GDP in 2020.The academics used three scenarios to construct the report: domestic risks from continued UK environment breakdown; international risks – including destruction to nature in countries which are key UK trading partners; and a health scenario, focusing on the dangers of a fresh global pandemic.All three took into account current trends in environmental breakdown – including water and air pollution, soil health erosion and biodiversity loss – resulting in a hit to GDP worth up to 3%, or about £70bn by the late 2020s.The report then added “acute risks” on top of these trends – including floods, droughts and wildfires – which would result in a 6% loss to GDP in the domestic and international scenarios, and a 12% hit in a health scenario, reflecting the extreme dangers to the UK economy from a renewed pandemic.Ministers are expected to take an interest in the report amid concern over the potential dangers to the economy from nature breakdown. Environment minister Richard Benyon said the report showed that nature “underpins the health of our economy and it is under threat from a global nature crisis”.The former Conservative MP, whose family controls a 5,600-hectare (14,000-acre) estate in west Berkshire, southern England, said the responsibility to conserve nature “lies with all sectors and sections of society, and green finance has a crucial role to play”.He said: “The findings in this report will help people and institutions across the corporate and finance sectors understand that it is in their own interests to go further and faster for the planet to protect it for future generations.”Shadow environment secretary, Steve Reed, blamed the government for the UK becoming “one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world”.Saying that the UK needed “to reverse the tide of destruction”, Reed committed Labour to cleaner air and water “and growing nature-rich habitats for wildlife to thrive”.The Green Finance Institute describes itself as the UK and Europe’s “principal forum for innovation in green finance” bringing together banks, academics, philanthropists and government bodies to develop climate-friendly policies and financial products.The report warned that unless action is taken, UK banks will need to reduce their exposure to the worst hit industries or find themselves increasing the risk of losses from bad loans. About 50% of the extra cost will come from the loss of nature overseas that the UK relies on to provide food, natural resources and trade.Partly funded by the government with input from the Treasury and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the authors also relied on advice and information from the Bank of England, Oxford and Reading universities, the UN’s environment programme, and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.The report said: “The impacts of biodiversity loss and environmental degradation will not be felt alone but will compound with climate risks. Both are happening at once and there are strong feedback effects between the loss of natural capital and climate change.”The study follows a Treasury-backed review in 2021 by the Cambridge economist Sir Partha Dasgupta, who found that the world was being put at “extreme risk” by the failure of economics to take account of the rapid depletion of the natural world.Last year, the government agency Natural England launched its Nature Returns programme to coordinate efforts across government and the private sector to explore how the UK can best use land in England “to address climate change whilst producing food and promoting thriving nature”.The agency said it wanted “to mobilise the billions in private investment that government estimates we need to meet our national net zero commitments”.

Green Finance Institute report said further pollution could cut 12% off GDP by 2030sThe destruction of nature over the rest of the decade could trigger a bigger economic slump in Britain than those caused by the 2008 global financial crisis and the Covid pandemic, experts have warned.Sounding the alarm over the rising financial cost from pollution, damage to water systems, soil erosion, and threats from disease, the report by the Green Finance Institute warned that further breakdown in the UK’s natural environment could lead to a 12% loss of gross domestic product (GDP) by the 2030s. Continue reading...

The destruction of nature over the rest of the decade could trigger a bigger economic slump in Britain than those caused by the 2008 global financial crisis and the Covid pandemic, experts have warned.

Sounding the alarm over the rising financial cost from pollution, damage to water systems, soil erosion, and threats from disease, the report by the Green Finance Institute warned that further breakdown in the UK’s natural environment could lead to a 12% loss of gross domestic product (GDP) by the 2030s.

In a report that received input from experts across academia and government, the authors argued that “gradual, year-to year environmental degradation is as detrimental or more so than climate change”.

The continued loss of natural habitats in urban and rural areas would compare unfavourably with the financial crisis of 2008, which took about 5% off the value of UK GDP, while the Covid pandemic cost the UK 11% of its GDP in 2020.

The academics used three scenarios to construct the report: domestic risks from continued UK environment breakdown; international risks – including destruction to nature in countries which are key UK trading partners; and a health scenario, focusing on the dangers of a fresh global pandemic.

All three took into account current trends in environmental breakdown – including water and air pollution, soil health erosion and biodiversity loss – resulting in a hit to GDP worth up to 3%, or about £70bn by the late 2020s.

The report then added “acute risks” on top of these trends – including floods, droughts and wildfires – which would result in a 6% loss to GDP in the domestic and international scenarios, and a 12% hit in a health scenario, reflecting the extreme dangers to the UK economy from a renewed pandemic.

Ministers are expected to take an interest in the report amid concern over the potential dangers to the economy from nature breakdown. Environment minister Richard Benyon said the report showed that nature “underpins the health of our economy and it is under threat from a global nature crisis”.

The former Conservative MP, whose family controls a 5,600-hectare (14,000-acre) estate in west Berkshire, southern England, said the responsibility to conserve nature “lies with all sectors and sections of society, and green finance has a crucial role to play”.

He said: “The findings in this report will help people and institutions across the corporate and finance sectors understand that it is in their own interests to go further and faster for the planet to protect it for future generations.”

Shadow environment secretary, Steve Reed, blamed the government for the UK becoming “one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world”.

Saying that the UK needed “to reverse the tide of destruction”, Reed committed Labour to cleaner air and water “and growing nature-rich habitats for wildlife to thrive”.

The Green Finance Institute describes itself as the UK and Europe’s “principal forum for innovation in green finance” bringing together banks, academics, philanthropists and government bodies to develop climate-friendly policies and financial products.

The report warned that unless action is taken, UK banks will need to reduce their exposure to the worst hit industries or find themselves increasing the risk of losses from bad loans. About 50% of the extra cost will come from the loss of nature overseas that the UK relies on to provide food, natural resources and trade.

Partly funded by the government with input from the Treasury and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the authors also relied on advice and information from the Bank of England, Oxford and Reading universities, the UN’s environment programme, and the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.

The report said: “The impacts of biodiversity loss and environmental degradation will not be felt alone but will compound with climate risks. Both are happening at once and there are strong feedback effects between the loss of natural capital and climate change.”

The study follows a Treasury-backed review in 2021 by the Cambridge economist Sir Partha Dasgupta, who found that the world was being put at “extreme risk” by the failure of economics to take account of the rapid depletion of the natural world.

Last year, the government agency Natural England launched its Nature Returns programme to coordinate efforts across government and the private sector to explore how the UK can best use land in England “to address climate change whilst producing food and promoting thriving nature”.

The agency said it wanted “to mobilise the billions in private investment that government estimates we need to meet our national net zero commitments”.

Read the full story here.
Photos courtesy of

Silicon Valley’s ‘Audacity Crisis’

AI executives are acting like they own the world.

Two years ago, OpenAI released the public beta of DALL-E 2, an image-generation tool that immediately signified that we’d entered a new technological era. Trained off a huge body of data, DALL-E 2 produced unsettlingly good, delightful, and frequently unexpected outputs; my Twitter feed filled up with images derived from prompts such as close-up photo of brushing teeth with toothbrush covered with nacho cheese. Suddenly, it seemed as though machines could create just about anything in response to simple prompts.You likely know the story from there: A few months later, ChatGPT arrived, millions of people started using it, the student essay was pronounced dead, Web3 entrepreneurs nearly broke their ankles scrambling to pivot their companies to AI, and the technology industry was consumed by hype. The generative-AI revolution began in earnest.Where has it gotten us? Although enthusiasts eagerly use the technology to boost productivity and automate busywork, the drawbacks are also impossible to ignore. Social networks such as Facebook have been flooded with bizarre AI-generated slop images; search engines are floundering, trying to index an internet awash in hastily assembled, chatbot-written articles. Generative AI, we know for sure now, has been trained without permission on copyrighted media, which makes it all the more galling that the technology is competing against creative people for jobs and online attention; a backlash against AI companies scraping the internet for training data is in full swing.Yet these companies, emboldened by the success of their products and war chests of investor capital, have brushed these problems aside and unapologetically embraced a manifest-destiny attitude toward their technologies. Some of these firms are, in no uncertain terms, trying to rewrite the rules of society by doing whatever they can to create a godlike superintelligence (also known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI). Others seem more interested in using generative AI to build tools that repurpose others’ creative work with little to no citation. In recent months, leaders within the AI industry are more brazenly expressing a paternalistic attitude about how the future will look—including who will win (those who embrace their technology) and who will be left behind (those who do not). They’re not asking us; they’re telling us. As the journalist Joss Fong commented recently, “There’s an audacity crisis happening in California.”There are material concerns to contend with here. It is audacious to massively jeopardize your net-zero climate commitment in favor of advancing a technology that has told people to eat rocks, yet Google appears to have done just that, according to its latest environmental report. (In an emailed statement, a Google spokesperson, Corina Standiford, said that the company remains “dedicated to the sustainability goals we’ve set,” including reaching net-zero emissions by 2030. According to the report, its emissions grew 13 percent in 2023, in large part because of the energy demands of generative AI.) And it is certainly audacious for companies such as Perplexity to use third-party tools to harvest information while ignoring long-standing online protocols that prevent websites from being scraped and having their content stolen.But I’ve found the rhetoric from AI leaders to be especially exasperating. This month, I spoke with OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and Thrive Global CEO Arianna Huffington after they announced their intention to build an AI health coach. The pair explicitly compared their nonexistent product to the New Deal. (They suggested that their product—so theoretical, they could not tell me whether it would be an app or not—could quickly become part of the health-care system’s critical infrastructure.) But this audacity is about more than just grandiose press releases. In an interview at Dartmouth College last month, OpenAI’s chief technology officer, Mira Murati, discussed AI’s effects on labor, saying that, as a result of generative AI, “some creative jobs maybe will go away, but maybe they shouldn’t have been there in the first place.” She added later that “strictly repetitive” jobs are also likely on the chopping block. Her candor appears emblematic of OpenAI’s very mission, which straightforwardly seeks to develop an intelligence capable of “turbocharging the global economy.” Jobs that can be replaced, her words suggested, aren’t just unworthy: They should never have existed. In the long arc of technological change, this may be true—human operators of elevators, traffic signals, and telephones eventually gave way to automation—but that doesn’t mean that catastrophic job loss across several industries simultaneously is economically or morally acceptable.[Read: AI has become a technology of faith]Along these lines, Altman has said that generative AI will “create entirely new jobs.” Other tech boosters have said the same. But if you listen closely, their language is cold and unsettling, offering insight into the kinds of labor that these people value—and, by extension, the kinds that they don’t. Altman has spoken of AGI possibly replacing the “the median human” worker’s labor—giving the impression that the least exceptional among us might be sacrificed in the name of progress.Even some inside the industry have expressed alarm at those in charge of this technology’s future. Last month, Leopold Aschenbrenner, a former OpenAI employee, wrote a 165-page essay series warning readers about what’s being built in San Francisco. “Few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them,” Aschenbrenner, who was reportedly fired this year for leaking company information, wrote. In Aschenbrenner’s reckoning, he and “perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs,” have the “situational awareness” to anticipate the future, which will be marked by the arrival of AGI, geopolitical struggle, and radical cultural and economic change.Aschenbrenner’s manifesto is a useful document in that it articulates how the architects of this technology see themselves: a small group of people bound together by their intellect, skill sets, and fate to help decide the shape of the future. Yet to read his treatise is to feel not FOMO, but alienation. The civilizational struggle he depicts bears little resemblance to the AI that the rest of us can see. “The fate of the world rests on these people,” he writes of the Silicon Valley cohort building AI systems. This is not a call to action or a proposal for input; it’s a statement of who is in charge.Unlike me, Aschenbrenner believes that a superintelligence is coming, and coming soon. His treatise contains quite a bit of grand speculation about the potential for AI models to drastically improve from here. (Skeptics have strongly pushed back on this assessment.) But his primary concern is that too few people wield too much power. “I don’t think it can just be a small clique building this technology,” he told me recently when I asked why he wrote the treatise.“I felt a sense of responsibility, by having ended up a part of this group, to tell people what they’re thinking,” he said, referring to the leaders at AI companies who believe they’re on the cusp of achieving AGI. “And again, they might be right or they might be wrong, but people deserve to hear it.” In our conversation, I found an unexpected overlap between us: Whether you believe that AI executives are delusional or genuinely on the verge of constructing a superintelligence, you should be concerned about how much power they’ve amassed.Having a class of builders with deep ambitions is part of a healthy, progressive society. Great technologists are, by nature, imbued with an audacious spirit to push the bounds of what is possible—and that can be a very good thing for humanity indeed. None of this is to say that the technology is useless: AI undoubtedly has transformative potential (predicting how proteins fold is a genuine revelation, for example). But audacity can quickly turn into a liability when builders become untethered from reality, or when their hubris leads them to believe that it is their right to impose their values on the rest of us, in return for building God.[Read: This is what it looks like when AI eats the world]An industry is what it produces, and in 2024, these executive pronouncements and brazen actions, taken together, are the actual state of the artificial-intelligence industry two years into its latest revolution. The apocalyptic visions, the looming nature of superintelligence, and the struggle for the future of humanity—all of these narratives are not facts but hypotheticals, however exciting, scary, or plausible.When you strip all of that away and focus on what’s really there and what’s really being said, the message is clear: These companies wish to be left alone to “scale in peace,” a phrase that SSI, a new AI company co-founded by Ilya Sutskever, formerly OpenAI’s chief scientist, used with no trace of self-awareness in announcing his company’s mission. (“SSI” stands for “safe superintelligence,” of course.) To do that, they’ll need to commandeer all creative resources—to eminent-domain the entire internet. The stakes demand it. We’re to trust that they will build these tools safely, implement them responsibly, and share the wealth of their creations. We’re to trust their values—about the labor that’s valuable and the creative pursuits that ought to exist—as they remake the world in their image. We’re to trust them because they are smart. We’re to trust them as they achieve global scale with a technology that they say will be among the most disruptive in all of human history. Because they have seen the future, and because history has delivered them to this societal hinge point, marrying ambition and talent with just enough raw computing power to create God. To deny them this right is reckless, but also futile.It’s possible, then, that generative AI’s chief export is not image slop, voice clones, or lorem ipsum chatbot bullshit but instead unearned, entitled audacity. Yet another example of AI producing hallucinations—not in the machines, but in the people who build them.

Royal family to replace helicopters after flights cost more than £1m last year

Two new AgustaWestland AW139s will be in use this year as total annual travel bill rises from £3.9m to £4.2mThe royal family spent more than £1m on journeys by helicopter last year, and will take delivery of two new ones to replace those they have used for the past 15 years.In total, royals made 170 helicopter journeys, costing a total of £1,096,300, official accounts reveal, with the total travel bill last year rising to £4.2m from £3.9m. Continue reading...

The royal family spent more than £1m on journeys by helicopter last year, and will take delivery of two new ones to replace those they have used for the past 15 years.In total, royals made 170 helicopter journeys, costing a total of £1,096,300, official accounts reveal, with the total travel bill last year rising to £4.2m from £3.9m.Aides have defended the amount of helicopter usage, which has drawn criticism over its environmental impact, because it gives royals flexibility and easier access to remote areas, as well as allowing for a greater number of engagements in a day. The royals are also increasingly using sustainable aviation fuel.The two new AgustaWestland AW139s are considered a “key component” in enabling King Charles and the royal family to carry out their engagements, and will replace their Sikorsky helicopters later this year. Because of the cost of replacement, the aim will be to maximise usage and “sweat the assets”.The most expensive travel was Charles and Queen Camilla’s visit to Kenya by charter flight in October, in addition to a related staff planning visit by scheduled flights, which came to a total of £166,557, the accounts reveal.The king and queen’s three-day state visit by charter flight to France in September, with trips to Paris and Bordeaux, cost £117,942.The royal train remained, mile for mile, the most expensive form of transport. It cost £53,013 for a two-day visit by Charles to North Yorkshire for engagements including the centenary of the Flying Scotsman. Aides argue the train mitigates security costs by providing secure overnight accommodation.There are plans to review its usage, with Charles only using it once last year. However, as last year was not considered a “normal” one, partly because of the king’s health, a review will be conducted once a more regular pattern of use emerges.Other sustainability measures include the king’s state Bentleys being converted to run on biofuel within the next year, with a view to switching to a fleet of electric cars in the future, while solar panels have been introduced to Windsor Castle for the first time. The palace expects to increase the number of solar panels and look at introducing air-source heat pumps across the residential estate in years to come.Gas lanterns at the palace, which were switched off during the recent energy crisis as a cost-saving measure, are being repurposed with specially designed electrical fittings to improve their energy efficiency while also preserving their historical look and glow.Of Buckingham Palace’s 523 staff, 11.4% were from minority ethnic backgrounds, compared with 9.7% last year, and 53% were female.At Kensington Palace, where the Prince and Princess of Wales employ 66 staff, up from 50 last year, the gender balance was 67% female to 33% male, with 14% of staff from a minority ethnic background.

Pollution plan ‘must cut intensive farming for Lough Neagh to survive’

Stormont’s rescue proposal for UK’s largest lake criticised by campaigners for dilution of sewage reduction targetsThere will have to be a move away from intensive farming around Lough Neagh if it is to survive, say campaigners, as the noxious algal blooms that last year devastated the vast body of water returned to its shores earlier than ever.Lough Neagh is the UK’s largest lake and supplies more than 40% of Northern Ireland’s drinking water. But vast amounts of phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances draining into the lough have left it at crisis point for some years now. Continue reading...

There will have to be a move away from intensive farming around Lough Neagh if it is to survive, say campaigners, as the noxious algal blooms that last year devastated the vast body of water returned to its shores earlier than ever.Lough Neagh is the UK’s largest lake and supplies more than 40% of Northern Ireland’s drinking water. But vast amounts of phosphorus, nitrogen and other substances draining into the lough have left it at crisis point for some years now.Late last week an action plan was finally agreed for the lake by the power-sharing executive in Northern Ireland. The strategy promises a range of farming support measures aimed at reducing pollution pressures across the lough’s 4,860 sq km cross-border catchment area. Additionally, it includes real-time water quality and safety monitoring, and a pilot programme for buffer zones and tree planting around the banks, in an effort to limit contamination input. It also promises a “scientific review” of industrial sand extraction, which is scarring the lough bed.skip past newsletter promotionOur morning email breaks down the key stories of the day, telling you what’s happening and why it mattersPrivacy Notice: Newsletters may contain info about charities, online ads, and content funded by outside parties. For more information see our Privacy Policy. We use Google reCaptcha to protect our website and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.after newsletter promotionHowever 17 of the plan’s 37 measures could not be taken forward prior to the summer break, with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) reportedly blocking a number of the “most controversial” actions – some of which cut across more than one Stormont department. It has been reported that the DUP’s opposition was linked to proposals on farming and environmental penalties. The agriculture and environment minister, Andrew Muir, hailed the plan as “an important milestone in charting a new course for Lough Neagh”. However, a number of campaigners criticised Stormont’s document for “vague language” and for dilution of certain actions following political opposition. A proposed restriction on the use of chemical fertilisers became a commitment to consult on the issue in the final text. Alongside prioritising investment in wastewater treatment works, it was one of a number of “key recommendations” put before the executive earlier this year. Agriculture accounts for 62% of the lough’s phosphorous inputs – which create the conditions for cyanobacteria, or ‘blue-green algae’, to thrive – while wastewater and sewage discharges make up 24%. Twelve per cent comes from septic tanks, of which there are more than double the UK average within the lough catchment. Mary O’Hagan, the co-founder of the Save Our Shores grassroots initiative, said that although her organisation is “happy to see the Lough Neagh action plan has now been approved … it falls far short of what’s actually needed in many areas”. She added: “Where are the targets for reduction of sewage going into our rivers and slurry run-off into the lough?” O’Hagan’s group is calling for a moratorium on sand extraction and a move away from intensive farming activity that has created waste disposal headaches for decision-makers. Dr Les Gornall, a slurry expert who worked at Lough Neagh’s last major research station (now closed), told the Guardian that the overwhelming priority for any clean-up effort is to drastically bring down the levels of phosphorous entering the watershed. “The algal bloom has accelerated this year,” he said. “In other words, it’s appeared 14 days earlier this year than it did last year. That tells me that Lough Neagh’s phosphorous inputs are higher than ever before.” Between 15,000 and 20,000 tonnes more phosphorous have gone into the lough system, he added, since 2023’s algal bloom. Scientists have modelled timescales of between 20 and 40 years for adequate phosphorous removal from the lough’s sediment, if significant reduction measures are taken right away. “The last thing we want to see is images of standpipes in Belfast,” Gornall said. “It’s a very serious situation – for the drinking water supply, for the people drinking that water, for the people using the lough. Tourism here is a £1bn industry and some very good businesses had to close last year. “We have to remove 50% of the phosphorous going into the lough immediately.” The executive’s rescue plan was agreed the same week Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, whose estate owns the lough’s bed, banks and soil, met with stakeholders to discuss the lake’s future. Controversy over the Earl’s income from the lough – which include royalty payments for sand extraction and wildfowling activity – saw a keynote speaker pull out of a festival hosted on the grounds of his stately home in Dorset last month. Ashley-Cooper has now suggested he may seek to transfer ownership of the inherited asset to a charity or a community development trust. He said he “had a constructive discussion with the minister on the issues facing Lough Neagh”, adding: “I reiterated my commitment to work with his team and other stakeholders to find solutions as I firmly believe we need to work together to secure the lough’s long-term future.” Both the devolved Department of Agriculture, the Environment and Rural Affairs and Department for Infrastructure have been contacted for comment.

‘People think they’ll smell but they don’t’: inside the Namibian homes built from mushrooms

A sustainable project aims to repurpose encroacher bush to create building blocks to solve Namibia’s housing crisis“People think the house would smell because the blocks are made of all-natural products, but it doesn’t smell,” says Kristine Haukongo. “Sometimes, there is a small touch of wood, but otherwise it’s completely odourless.”Haukongo is the senior cultivator at the research group MycoHab and her job is pretty unusual. She grows oyster mushrooms on chopped-down invasive weeds before the waste is turned into large, solid brown slabs – mycoblocks – that will be used, it’s hoped, to build Namibian homes. Continue reading...

“People think the house would smell because the blocks are made of all-natural products, but it doesn’t smell,” says Kristine Haukongo. “Sometimes, there is a small touch of wood, but otherwise it’s completely odourless.”Haukongo is the senior cultivator at the research group MycoHab and her job is pretty unusual. She grows oyster mushrooms on chopped-down invasive weeds before the waste is turned into large, solid brown slabs – mycoblocks – that will be used, it’s hoped, to build Namibian homes.“We wanted a new, better way to curtail the housing crisis and a sustainable way to curb the negative effects of the encroacher bush on our environment,” said Magreth Mengo, the head of brand and marketing at Namibia’s Standard Bank. The bank worked with MycoHab – when it was affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the architecture firm Redhouse Studio and the Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia (SDFN) – to find a sustainable way to deal with several issues. “This project is a first of its kind and is still very much in the experimental phase but shows a lot of promise,” said Mengo.Namibia, with a population of about 2.7 million, urgently needs at least half a million new homes to address its severe housing shortage. Nearly 90% of households earn less than N$2,700 ($144.69) a month, according to 2016 figures, and can’t afford a home. One in five people live in makeshift homes made out of waste materials or zinc sheets.The remnants of the oyster mushrooms grown on weeds of encroacher bush will be used to create building blocks. Photograph: Ester MbatheraThe woody, wiry encroacher bushes occupy 45m hectares (111m acres) of Namibia’s land – pushing out grass and other vegetation. The plants are slowly creeping into Namibia’s agricultural regions and affect groundwater recharge in a country where rainfall is precious.The Namibian government plans to burn 300m tonnes of encroacher bush every 15 years to mitigate its environmental impacts and produce charcoal for profit, but this is increasing the country’s carbon dioxide emissions.“Traditionally encroacher bushes in Namibia are harvested and used for charcoal and wood production, hence there is a huge release of carbon emissions,” said Tulimo Uushona, an environmentalist.The MycoHab project decided to take a different approach. Rather than burning the bushes, MycoHab grinds them up and uses them as a substrate on which to grow gourmet oyster mushrooms. When fully grown, the mushrooms are sold to local retailers and the leftover waste is compressed and baked into building materials called mycoblocks, with each slab being made from about 10kg of bush.“If this technology becomes widespread, we could mitigate much of the more than 300m tonnes of bush the government of Namibia wants to thin,” said Haukongo. “In a normal mushroom farm, the substrate is thrown out or used as compost, but here we turn them into mycoblocks.”The first-ever mycelium-based home at MycoHab’s base in Namibia. Photograph: Ester MbatheraConcrete is believed to be responsible for 4 to 8% of the world’s CO2, emitting almost 1kg of CO2 equivalent per 1kg. MycoHab estimates that mycelium blocks store 0.8kg of CO2 equivalent per 1kg of materials produced. And because these slabs come from waste resources, the homes built using mycoblocks are “more cost-effective” and would require “less labour”, said Haukongo.“While these blocks are heavier when compared to standard bricks, they can be erected faster, resulting in lower construction costs. To build a small house for one family, over 12 tonnes of bush would be needed,” she said.This is not the first time fungi has been used as a building material. In 2014 an experimental building called the Hy-Fy in Queens, New York, was made out of crop waste and mycelium and architects and researchers have been investigating the possibilities of this material ever since.skip past newsletter promotionThe planet's most important stories. Get all the week's environment news - the good, the bad and the essentialPrivacy Notice: Newsletters may contain info about charities, online ads, and content funded by outside parties. For more information see our Privacy Policy. We use Google reCaptcha to protect our website and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.after newsletter promotionIn February this year, MycoHab opened its first mycelium-based home to the public, but the startup is struggling with scaling its operations to cover housing needs in Namibia. “We would love to see MycoHab inspire the architecture and building industries to develop more regenerative design,” said Haukongo. “MycoHab helps regenerate Namibia’s grasslands, mitigates greenhouse gas emissions, and provides food and housing – all from waste materials.”Heinrich Amushila, the co-director of the SDFN, loves the blocks but said cost would be an issue. “The bricks are fireproof and environmentally friendly, but the initiative is still working on buy-ins from aspiring homeowners to further fund the venture. This can pose a challenge, as prices would be relatively similar to concrete homes, because, although cheaper to make, transporting Mycoblocks to the housing location is still expensive.”Amushila said his organisation helps subsidise the elevated prices by involving candidates in the process of brickmaking as well as in the construction of the houses.The blocks are heavier than standard bricks, but can be erected more quickly, resulting in lower construction costs overall. Photograph: Ester MbatheraRomeo Muyunda, a spokesperson for the Namibian ministry of environment, forestry and tourism, welcomed the efforts aimed at preserving the environment.“We are happy that such initiatives are being made by Namibians,” he said. “This being a private initiative, however, I must encourage them to make sure they are compliant with the Environmental Management Act.”This article is published in collaboration with Egab.

NSW government says state’s biodiversity ‘in crisis’ as it pledges first steps to reverse decline

Government will also overhaul state laws after Guardian Australia uncovered serious problems with biodiversity offsets schemeGet our morning and afternoon news emails, free app or daily news podcastThe New South Wales government says the state’s biodiversity is in crisis and must be put on a path to recovery to reverse the decline of beloved species and ecosystems.The environment minister, Penny Sharpe, has released the government’s “first steps” in responding to a major review of the state’s nature laws, saying “we cannot ignore the truth: biodiversity in NSW is in crisis”.Sign up for Guardian Australia’s free morning and afternoon email newsletters for your daily news roundupIntroducing legislation next year to enshrine a new state nature strategy with conservation and restoration targets;Amending laws this year to reform the state’s offsets scheme;Developing maps that identify current and future areas of high biodiversity value to give “clear guidance” on where environmental impacts should be avoided;Reviewing other pieces of legislation that affect biodiversity to improve outcomes for the environment. Continue reading...

The New South Wales government says the state’s biodiversity is in crisis and must be put on a path to recovery to reverse the decline of beloved species and ecosystems.The environment minister, Penny Sharpe, has released the government’s “first steps” in responding to a major review of the state’s nature laws, saying “we cannot ignore the truth: biodiversity in NSW is in crisis”.The Minns government is proposing to develop a new nature strategy that would be enshrined in law and set targets for conservation and restoration, including landscape restoration, species recovery and addressing threats to nature.Sharpe said the government would also amend state laws by the end of this year to fulfil its promise to reform NSW’s biodiversity offsets scheme after a 2021 Guardian Australia investigation uncovered serious problems that triggered several inquiries.“Our goal must be to leave nature better off than we have found it,” she said.Sharpe said the response, which fully or partially accepts 49 out of 58 recommendations from the 2023 review led by the former treasury secretary Ken Henry, set out immediate priorities and “is the start of concerted action, reform, investment”.Henry’s review found the state’s environment laws would not succeed without substantial changes and warned half of the species under threat in NSW were on course to become extinct within the next 100 years.After the review was released last year, he called for the natural environment to be made the top priority in government policy and legislation.Henry told Guardian Australia on Tuesday that the government’s response was a “serious attempt” to tackle the problems identified in his review and demonstrated it understood the scale of the nature crisis.But he said many of the government’s proposed actions would take a long time to deliver and they stopped short of putting laws that protected and enhanced nature ahead of other land management concerns.“They’re not giving it statutory primacy,” he said. “They seem to want to tackle it in a different way.”The Minns government’s response proposes several measures to be implemented over time, including: Introducing legislation next year to enshrine a new state nature strategy with conservation and restoration targets; Amending laws this year to reform the state’s offsets scheme; Developing maps that identify current and future areas of high biodiversity value to give “clear guidance” on where environmental impacts should be avoided; Reviewing other pieces of legislation that affect biodiversity to improve outcomes for the environment. Among the proposed measures intended to fix the state’s environmental offsets scheme, the government is proposing that the current standard that calls for “no net loss” to the environment be transitioned to a requirement that the scheme delivers a “net positive”.The government said it was “committed to offsets being a genuine last resort” and it would introduce a new statutory standard requiring developers to demonstrate how they had genuinely avoided and minimised impacts to biodiversity, particularly for species and ecosystems at risk of irreversible impacts.Endangered woodland on the Cumberland Plain in western Sydney. Photograph: Carly Earl/The GuardianThe steps developers had taken to avoid and minimise impacts would be made public on a new register.The government is proposing to act on recommendations of a parliamentary inquiry by removing the ability for mining companies to count future rehabilitation of mine sites towards their offset requirements. It is also proposing to limit the circumstances in which developers can pay into a fund to transfer their offsetting obligations to the Biodiversity Conservation Trust.The report does not set out the specific steps the government will take to stop the state’s high rates of land clearing.Before the 2023 state election, Sharpe said NSW’s system of environment protections needed more “red lines” to protect ecosystems that were suffering.The government’s response does not identify any proposed “no go zones” for development but Sharpe said proposed new biodiversity maps were intended to give clear guidance on where areas of high environmental value were located and where impacts should be avoided.She said the government’s proposal to enshrine targets for nature conservation was a similar approach to the one it had taken with recent climate change legislation.“In my view, this leads to the biodiversity crisis being treated as a similar crisis to climate change,” Sharpe said.In response to a separate review of the native vegetation provisions of the Local Land Services Act, the government is proposing to strengthen some environmental protections and oversight.But it is proposing a larger independent review of biodiversity protections on rural land in response to high rates of land clearing.

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