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LISTEN: Reflections on the first five years of the Agents of Change program

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Wednesday, December 18, 2024

It’s been five years since the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program launched, and at a recent retreat gathering the leadership team reflected on what we’ve learned and what environmental issues we’re watching closely as we near 2025.The Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast is a biweekly podcast featuring the stories and big ideas from past and present fellows, as well as others in the field. You can see all of the past episodes here.Listen below to our discussion and subscribe to the podcast at iTunes or Spotify. Agents of Change in Environmental Justice · Reflections on the first five years of the Agents of Change programTranscript Brian BienkowskiHello and welcome back to the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast, a partnership between Environmental Health News and Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. I'm your host, Brian Bienkowski, editor at Agents of Change and senior editor at Environmental Health News. This podcast is designed to bring you the voices, stories and ideas of environmental justice leaders, and we're going to do that today too, but I'm actually joining you from outside at a picnic table near an old brick chimney fireplace at a tree-filled retreat center outside of Philadelphia. The Agents of Change team, along with different groups of fellows, have gathered here the past few years, and it's become familiar to me, the creaky floors in my room, the wood chipped pathways full of busy squirrels and the towering Eastern White Pines that remind me of my home in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. I've spent today hearing about policy intervention plans from our current group of fellows, how to make sure villagers near the chobei National Park in Africa are treated equitably as ecO-lodges and sport hunting grow, how to simultaneously tackle gentrification and the proliferation of micro plastics, how to bring down energy costs in the Atlanta neighborhoods that need it most. It's heavy work, but we've spent just as much time laughing, connecting, hugging and sharing meals and too much coffee for someone who works from home, these trips are re energizing and only reinforce the need for human connection. It's amazing what happens when you put smart, motivated people in a room together. I wanted to take this opportunity to hear from the Agents of Change team reflecting on what we've learned and what we're looking forward to. I also wanted to take this opportunity to say that this will be my last podcast. After 13 years as a reporter and editor at Environmental Health News and nearly five years as the editor of Agents of Change, I am signing off, folks. I am filled with gratitude for my time here, I was able to work on so many projects that I truly believed in, and work with so many dedicated, kind people. It's a bittersweet departure. While I'm sad to leave my colleagues, I will be joining American Forests in their tree equity program, getting back to my roots of environmental interest in trees and forest, the reason I got into this in the first place. I'm excited to have an acute focus on forest protection and to advocate for green space and tree access. Many of the podcast conversations and essays that I worked on here at Agents of Change touched on this inequity in green space access, and I'm thrilled to take what I've learned from these fellows and put it to work in the real world. Over the past five years, I've learned a lot, but this program has reaffirmed for me the power and beauty of storytelling. While the podcast will be taking a break after this episode, the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program continues and its storytelling will continue as well. I'm excited to see how the program grows and evolves with this gift of in person, time with friends, new and old, I sat down with my fellow leaders of the Agents of Change team. I wanted to know five years into the program, what other people have learned from training, mentoring and working with dozens of early career environmental justice scholars. Enjoy. Veena Singla Hi, it's Veena Singla here. I'm on the leadership team of Agents of Change, and something I learn every year is how much the fellows have to teach me, even though I'm here to provide them guidance in science communication and policy translation, I'm constantly learning from them about their work and how they are infusing equity and engaging with communities in really unique and different ways. So I appreciate how much we teach and learn from each other, and something that I'm really excited to continue researching and advocacy on in the next year is this idea of so called chemical recycling of plastics, which is being really pushed for by the plastics industry as a supposed solution to plastics pollution crisis, and in reality, is just a very polluting technology that does very little to recycle plastic or or solve the crisis. So I'm wanting to provide a lot more data and information to communities and decision makers about so called chemical recycling and advocate for better and real solutions like reducing plastic production.Maria Paula Rubiano Hi, this is Maria Paula Rubiano. I am an assistant editor here at Agents of Change and Environmental Health News. And you know, since. Since I started, I think two years ago, what has surprised me the most by working with the fellows is just the nuance and the diversity of questions that researchers are asking themselves in the environmental justice and environmental health space. You know, I had been a reporter for six or seven years before coming to EHN and Agents of Change and just learning how young researchers are asking sort of questions that I had never asked myself as a journalist and I didn't see reflected in the kinds of of journalism stories that I worked on is really exciting, and it's exciting to be putting those ideas out there. And what I think it's going to be exciting for next year is just, I don't know, I feel like there's this momentum building in public opinion and also in research and policy decisions towards regulating plastics and plastic pollution. You know, I know there's a lot of opposition from industry, but I feel like, you know, just regular people are more aware of how complicated solving the plastic issue is. It's not about just recycling. That's just like not cutting it and not going to be enough. And I feel like more and more people are realizing that, and so keep building and contributing to these conversations on the petrochemical industry and regulating plastics. It's very exciting for me as an editor and journalist.Max Aung Hey there. This is Max Aung. I'm the assistant director and part of the leadership team program. And, you know, something really cool that I've been learning recently, especially with this cohort, is that while all the fellows have such a deep connection to the focus areas that they're working on, we've learned about all of the different perspectives that they bring to the table through their communication and partnerships with local organizations as well as policy makers. So it's been really interesting to learn about how all of those different perspectives have played such a critical role in the way they think about applying their research to inform policy. And for me, going forward, something I'm really excited about, you know, continuing to do advocacy and research on in terms of environmental justice is on access to clean water and sustainable water systems across the US. And you know, that's something that I've been doing research on, particularly with exposure assessment to environmental chemical pollution. So I'm really hopeful that we can continue this work and ensure healthy access to clean water.Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne Hi everyone. This is Yoshi. I'm also on the senior leadership team with Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one of the great things that I've learned over the years is just how even with one topic or range of topics in environmental justice, so many people can just come at it from different angles, and there's always just so many different subcategories, the definition and the ways that the fellows have been able to integrate both the science, but also their community partnerships and now them working on the policy analysis to actually enact change has been a really wonderful experience to see both them grow, but also the program in its new directions. I think, personally, for one issue in the area of environmental justice, that I'm looking forward to working in the next year is actually a project with Ami and Rise Saint James out in Louisiana. So we're working with community partner out there to do some extensive research and community-based research on exposures to petrochemical industries in the St James Parish. So I think that's one of the projects that we're that we're very excited about to continue growing, but also make some headway in the fight towards petrochemicals.Lariah Edwards Hi, this is Lariah Edwards. I'm also on the senior leadership team for Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one thing that I have learned during my time in this program is how how important is to think critically about new environmental health and justice solutions. The fellows have really shown me that, you know, a new solution may be great, but thinking about who's actually being protected and who's being forgotten, the fellows show me, year after year, how passionate and determined they are to make sure community does not get left behind or forgotten when these new solutions roll out. And I absolutely love that, and I learn so much every single time. And an issue that I hope to follow in the new year, I hope to continue to generate science around relaxers and the chemicals of concern that are in them, in the hopes that that work can reinvigorate and kind of re-excite FDA to think about regulating some of these chemicals and relaxers and other hair products that predominantly impact women of color. So I hope to keep pushing policy-relevant science in the upcoming year about these chemicals and personal care products.Samar Ahmad I'm Samar Ahmad and I'm program manager for the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. Something that I've been surprised from my time with the Agents of Change program are the profound connections that develop throughout this fellowship, despite meeting only once or twice a year, our fellows have made lasting friendships and really meaningful bonds, which have led to collaborations, both within and beyond the environmental justice space and as a program manager and the person who plans and leads the in person retreats, this is incredibly rewarding to see. An environmental issue that I'm excited is being discussed is extreme heat. I think that this is an issue that scientists in the field have been talking about for a long time, but maybe has not been taken seriously by mainstream media, and the fact that is now getting coverage and press in big news outlets and journals, I think is really important, especially in terms of making policy changes that will eventually help to reduce the temperature of our Earth.Emily Weaver Hi, my name is Emily Weaver, and I'm a program associate with Agents of Change. Something that surprised me about the Agents of Change fellowship is the sheer amount of connection that happens at the retreats. Just everyone I've talked to, and all the fellows that I meet, I feel like I can find something in common, even if we come from different disciplines, different backgrounds, different parts of the world, which I think is a super cool form of connection as we all have this, like, shared interest in environmental justice and an environmental issue. I'm excited to follow our environmental determinants of cancer and environmental health exposures. I'm working on a project right now through Columbia in Cancer Alley in Louisiana, and that's something that I'm excited for. Just it's like getting a lot of attention. I read an article in The New York Times earlier today just talking about personal care product use and how that could possibly be linked to rising cancer rates in people under 40. But I'm just generally happy this is like being talked about more and excited to do more research in this area.Dr. Ami Zota Hello. I'm Dr Ami Zota, and I'm the founder and director of the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. One thing I've learned is in a surprising, or pleasantly surprising way, from this program is truly the power of the collective, both in terms of the collective power of bringing all of these truly creative, brilliant and inspiring young scholars from marginalized backgrounds together and just that collective force. I've also learned a lot from our growing leadership team for the program, their heart and creativity. Creativity and hard work really continues to make the program impactful, new, exciting and worth watching. Something I'm looking forward to in the environmental, health and justice space, really, lots of things to look forward to. I'm looking forward to seeing sort of how media, advocacy, policy and research combined forces to on the petrochemicals and plastics front, there's a lot of exciting work happening, really at the intersections of these different sectors. I'm also excited to keep advancing the quest for Beauty justice, with some new and exciting projects that are under wraps. So stay tuned.

It’s been five years since the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program launched, and at a recent retreat gathering the leadership team reflected on what we’ve learned and what environmental issues we’re watching closely as we near 2025.The Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast is a biweekly podcast featuring the stories and big ideas from past and present fellows, as well as others in the field. You can see all of the past episodes here.Listen below to our discussion and subscribe to the podcast at iTunes or Spotify. Agents of Change in Environmental Justice · Reflections on the first five years of the Agents of Change programTranscript Brian BienkowskiHello and welcome back to the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast, a partnership between Environmental Health News and Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. I'm your host, Brian Bienkowski, editor at Agents of Change and senior editor at Environmental Health News. This podcast is designed to bring you the voices, stories and ideas of environmental justice leaders, and we're going to do that today too, but I'm actually joining you from outside at a picnic table near an old brick chimney fireplace at a tree-filled retreat center outside of Philadelphia. The Agents of Change team, along with different groups of fellows, have gathered here the past few years, and it's become familiar to me, the creaky floors in my room, the wood chipped pathways full of busy squirrels and the towering Eastern White Pines that remind me of my home in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. I've spent today hearing about policy intervention plans from our current group of fellows, how to make sure villagers near the chobei National Park in Africa are treated equitably as ecO-lodges and sport hunting grow, how to simultaneously tackle gentrification and the proliferation of micro plastics, how to bring down energy costs in the Atlanta neighborhoods that need it most. It's heavy work, but we've spent just as much time laughing, connecting, hugging and sharing meals and too much coffee for someone who works from home, these trips are re energizing and only reinforce the need for human connection. It's amazing what happens when you put smart, motivated people in a room together. I wanted to take this opportunity to hear from the Agents of Change team reflecting on what we've learned and what we're looking forward to. I also wanted to take this opportunity to say that this will be my last podcast. After 13 years as a reporter and editor at Environmental Health News and nearly five years as the editor of Agents of Change, I am signing off, folks. I am filled with gratitude for my time here, I was able to work on so many projects that I truly believed in, and work with so many dedicated, kind people. It's a bittersweet departure. While I'm sad to leave my colleagues, I will be joining American Forests in their tree equity program, getting back to my roots of environmental interest in trees and forest, the reason I got into this in the first place. I'm excited to have an acute focus on forest protection and to advocate for green space and tree access. Many of the podcast conversations and essays that I worked on here at Agents of Change touched on this inequity in green space access, and I'm thrilled to take what I've learned from these fellows and put it to work in the real world. Over the past five years, I've learned a lot, but this program has reaffirmed for me the power and beauty of storytelling. While the podcast will be taking a break after this episode, the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program continues and its storytelling will continue as well. I'm excited to see how the program grows and evolves with this gift of in person, time with friends, new and old, I sat down with my fellow leaders of the Agents of Change team. I wanted to know five years into the program, what other people have learned from training, mentoring and working with dozens of early career environmental justice scholars. Enjoy. Veena Singla Hi, it's Veena Singla here. I'm on the leadership team of Agents of Change, and something I learn every year is how much the fellows have to teach me, even though I'm here to provide them guidance in science communication and policy translation, I'm constantly learning from them about their work and how they are infusing equity and engaging with communities in really unique and different ways. So I appreciate how much we teach and learn from each other, and something that I'm really excited to continue researching and advocacy on in the next year is this idea of so called chemical recycling of plastics, which is being really pushed for by the plastics industry as a supposed solution to plastics pollution crisis, and in reality, is just a very polluting technology that does very little to recycle plastic or or solve the crisis. So I'm wanting to provide a lot more data and information to communities and decision makers about so called chemical recycling and advocate for better and real solutions like reducing plastic production.Maria Paula Rubiano Hi, this is Maria Paula Rubiano. I am an assistant editor here at Agents of Change and Environmental Health News. And you know, since. Since I started, I think two years ago, what has surprised me the most by working with the fellows is just the nuance and the diversity of questions that researchers are asking themselves in the environmental justice and environmental health space. You know, I had been a reporter for six or seven years before coming to EHN and Agents of Change and just learning how young researchers are asking sort of questions that I had never asked myself as a journalist and I didn't see reflected in the kinds of of journalism stories that I worked on is really exciting, and it's exciting to be putting those ideas out there. And what I think it's going to be exciting for next year is just, I don't know, I feel like there's this momentum building in public opinion and also in research and policy decisions towards regulating plastics and plastic pollution. You know, I know there's a lot of opposition from industry, but I feel like, you know, just regular people are more aware of how complicated solving the plastic issue is. It's not about just recycling. That's just like not cutting it and not going to be enough. And I feel like more and more people are realizing that, and so keep building and contributing to these conversations on the petrochemical industry and regulating plastics. It's very exciting for me as an editor and journalist.Max Aung Hey there. This is Max Aung. I'm the assistant director and part of the leadership team program. And, you know, something really cool that I've been learning recently, especially with this cohort, is that while all the fellows have such a deep connection to the focus areas that they're working on, we've learned about all of the different perspectives that they bring to the table through their communication and partnerships with local organizations as well as policy makers. So it's been really interesting to learn about how all of those different perspectives have played such a critical role in the way they think about applying their research to inform policy. And for me, going forward, something I'm really excited about, you know, continuing to do advocacy and research on in terms of environmental justice is on access to clean water and sustainable water systems across the US. And you know, that's something that I've been doing research on, particularly with exposure assessment to environmental chemical pollution. So I'm really hopeful that we can continue this work and ensure healthy access to clean water.Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne Hi everyone. This is Yoshi. I'm also on the senior leadership team with Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one of the great things that I've learned over the years is just how even with one topic or range of topics in environmental justice, so many people can just come at it from different angles, and there's always just so many different subcategories, the definition and the ways that the fellows have been able to integrate both the science, but also their community partnerships and now them working on the policy analysis to actually enact change has been a really wonderful experience to see both them grow, but also the program in its new directions. I think, personally, for one issue in the area of environmental justice, that I'm looking forward to working in the next year is actually a project with Ami and Rise Saint James out in Louisiana. So we're working with community partner out there to do some extensive research and community-based research on exposures to petrochemical industries in the St James Parish. So I think that's one of the projects that we're that we're very excited about to continue growing, but also make some headway in the fight towards petrochemicals.Lariah Edwards Hi, this is Lariah Edwards. I'm also on the senior leadership team for Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one thing that I have learned during my time in this program is how how important is to think critically about new environmental health and justice solutions. The fellows have really shown me that, you know, a new solution may be great, but thinking about who's actually being protected and who's being forgotten, the fellows show me, year after year, how passionate and determined they are to make sure community does not get left behind or forgotten when these new solutions roll out. And I absolutely love that, and I learn so much every single time. And an issue that I hope to follow in the new year, I hope to continue to generate science around relaxers and the chemicals of concern that are in them, in the hopes that that work can reinvigorate and kind of re-excite FDA to think about regulating some of these chemicals and relaxers and other hair products that predominantly impact women of color. So I hope to keep pushing policy-relevant science in the upcoming year about these chemicals and personal care products.Samar Ahmad I'm Samar Ahmad and I'm program manager for the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. Something that I've been surprised from my time with the Agents of Change program are the profound connections that develop throughout this fellowship, despite meeting only once or twice a year, our fellows have made lasting friendships and really meaningful bonds, which have led to collaborations, both within and beyond the environmental justice space and as a program manager and the person who plans and leads the in person retreats, this is incredibly rewarding to see. An environmental issue that I'm excited is being discussed is extreme heat. I think that this is an issue that scientists in the field have been talking about for a long time, but maybe has not been taken seriously by mainstream media, and the fact that is now getting coverage and press in big news outlets and journals, I think is really important, especially in terms of making policy changes that will eventually help to reduce the temperature of our Earth.Emily Weaver Hi, my name is Emily Weaver, and I'm a program associate with Agents of Change. Something that surprised me about the Agents of Change fellowship is the sheer amount of connection that happens at the retreats. Just everyone I've talked to, and all the fellows that I meet, I feel like I can find something in common, even if we come from different disciplines, different backgrounds, different parts of the world, which I think is a super cool form of connection as we all have this, like, shared interest in environmental justice and an environmental issue. I'm excited to follow our environmental determinants of cancer and environmental health exposures. I'm working on a project right now through Columbia in Cancer Alley in Louisiana, and that's something that I'm excited for. Just it's like getting a lot of attention. I read an article in The New York Times earlier today just talking about personal care product use and how that could possibly be linked to rising cancer rates in people under 40. But I'm just generally happy this is like being talked about more and excited to do more research in this area.Dr. Ami Zota Hello. I'm Dr Ami Zota, and I'm the founder and director of the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. One thing I've learned is in a surprising, or pleasantly surprising way, from this program is truly the power of the collective, both in terms of the collective power of bringing all of these truly creative, brilliant and inspiring young scholars from marginalized backgrounds together and just that collective force. I've also learned a lot from our growing leadership team for the program, their heart and creativity. Creativity and hard work really continues to make the program impactful, new, exciting and worth watching. Something I'm looking forward to in the environmental, health and justice space, really, lots of things to look forward to. I'm looking forward to seeing sort of how media, advocacy, policy and research combined forces to on the petrochemicals and plastics front, there's a lot of exciting work happening, really at the intersections of these different sectors. I'm also excited to keep advancing the quest for Beauty justice, with some new and exciting projects that are under wraps. So stay tuned.



It’s been five years since the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program launched, and at a recent retreat gathering the leadership team reflected on what we’ve learned and what environmental issues we’re watching closely as we near 2025.


The Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast is a biweekly podcast featuring the stories and big ideas from past and present fellows, as well as others in the field. You can see all of the past episodes here.

Listen below to our discussion and subscribe to the podcast at iTunes or Spotify.


Agents of Change in Environmental Justice · Reflections on the first five years of the Agents of Change program

Transcript 


Brian Bienkowski

Hello and welcome back to the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice podcast, a partnership between Environmental Health News and Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. I'm your host, Brian Bienkowski, editor at Agents of Change and senior editor at Environmental Health News. This podcast is designed to bring you the voices, stories and ideas of environmental justice leaders, and we're going to do that today too, but I'm actually joining you from outside at a picnic table near an old brick chimney fireplace at a tree-filled retreat center outside of Philadelphia. The Agents of Change team, along with different groups of fellows, have gathered here the past few years, and it's become familiar to me, the creaky floors in my room, the wood chipped pathways full of busy squirrels and the towering Eastern White Pines that remind me of my home in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. I've spent today hearing about policy intervention plans from our current group of fellows, how to make sure villagers near the chobei National Park in Africa are treated equitably as ecO-lodges and sport hunting grow, how to simultaneously tackle gentrification and the proliferation of micro plastics, how to bring down energy costs in the Atlanta neighborhoods that need it most. It's heavy work, but we've spent just as much time laughing, connecting, hugging and sharing meals and too much coffee for someone who works from home, these trips are re energizing and only reinforce the need for human connection. It's amazing what happens when you put smart, motivated people in a room together. I wanted to take this opportunity to hear from the Agents of Change team reflecting on what we've learned and what we're looking forward to. I also wanted to take this opportunity to say that this will be my last podcast. After 13 years as a reporter and editor at Environmental Health News and nearly five years as the editor of Agents of Change, I am signing off, folks. I am filled with gratitude for my time here, I was able to work on so many projects that I truly believed in, and work with so many dedicated, kind people. It's a bittersweet departure. While I'm sad to leave my colleagues, I will be joining American Forests in their tree equity program, getting back to my roots of environmental interest in trees and forest, the reason I got into this in the first place. I'm excited to have an acute focus on forest protection and to advocate for green space and tree access. Many of the podcast conversations and essays that I worked on here at Agents of Change touched on this inequity in green space access, and I'm thrilled to take what I've learned from these fellows and put it to work in the real world. Over the past five years, I've learned a lot, but this program has reaffirmed for me the power and beauty of storytelling. While the podcast will be taking a break after this episode, the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program continues and its storytelling will continue as well. I'm excited to see how the program grows and evolves with this gift of in person, time with friends, new and old, I sat down with my fellow leaders of the Agents of Change team. I wanted to know five years into the program, what other people have learned from training, mentoring and working with dozens of early career environmental justice scholars. Enjoy.

Veena Singla

Hi, it's Veena Singla here. I'm on the leadership team of Agents of Change, and something I learn every year is how much the fellows have to teach me, even though I'm here to provide them guidance in science communication and policy translation, I'm constantly learning from them about their work and how they are infusing equity and engaging with communities in really unique and different ways. So I appreciate how much we teach and learn from each other, and something that I'm really excited to continue researching and advocacy on in the next year is this idea of so called chemical recycling of plastics, which is being really pushed for by the plastics industry as a supposed solution to plastics pollution crisis, and in reality, is just a very polluting technology that does very little to recycle plastic or or solve the crisis. So I'm wanting to provide a lot more data and information to communities and decision makers about so called chemical recycling and advocate for better and real solutions like reducing plastic production.

Maria Paula Rubiano

Hi, this is Maria Paula Rubiano. I am an assistant editor here at Agents of Change and Environmental Health News. And you know, since. Since I started, I think two years ago, what has surprised me the most by working with the fellows is just the nuance and the diversity of questions that researchers are asking themselves in the environmental justice and environmental health space. You know, I had been a reporter for six or seven years before coming to EHN and Agents of Change and just learning how young researchers are asking sort of questions that I had never asked myself as a journalist and I didn't see reflected in the kinds of of journalism stories that I worked on is really exciting, and it's exciting to be putting those ideas out there. And what I think it's going to be exciting for next year is just, I don't know, I feel like there's this momentum building in public opinion and also in research and policy decisions towards regulating plastics and plastic pollution. You know, I know there's a lot of opposition from industry, but I feel like, you know, just regular people are more aware of how complicated solving the plastic issue is. It's not about just recycling. That's just like not cutting it and not going to be enough. And I feel like more and more people are realizing that, and so keep building and contributing to these conversations on the petrochemical industry and regulating plastics. It's very exciting for me as an editor and journalist.

Max Aung

Hey there. This is Max Aung. I'm the assistant director and part of the leadership team program. And, you know, something really cool that I've been learning recently, especially with this cohort, is that while all the fellows have such a deep connection to the focus areas that they're working on, we've learned about all of the different perspectives that they bring to the table through their communication and partnerships with local organizations as well as policy makers. So it's been really interesting to learn about how all of those different perspectives have played such a critical role in the way they think about applying their research to inform policy. And for me, going forward, something I'm really excited about, you know, continuing to do advocacy and research on in terms of environmental justice is on access to clean water and sustainable water systems across the US. And you know, that's something that I've been doing research on, particularly with exposure assessment to environmental chemical pollution. So I'm really hopeful that we can continue this work and ensure healthy access to clean water.

Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne

Hi everyone. This is Yoshi. I'm also on the senior leadership team with Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one of the great things that I've learned over the years is just how even with one topic or range of topics in environmental justice, so many people can just come at it from different angles, and there's always just so many different subcategories, the definition and the ways that the fellows have been able to integrate both the science, but also their community partnerships and now them working on the policy analysis to actually enact change has been a really wonderful experience to see both them grow, but also the program in its new directions. I think, personally, for one issue in the area of environmental justice, that I'm looking forward to working in the next year is actually a project with Ami and Rise Saint James out in Louisiana. So we're working with community partner out there to do some extensive research and community-based research on exposures to petrochemical industries in the St James Parish. So I think that's one of the projects that we're that we're very excited about to continue growing, but also make some headway in the fight towards petrochemicals.

Lariah Edwards

Hi, this is Lariah Edwards. I'm also on the senior leadership team for Agents of Change in environmental justice. I think one thing that I have learned during my time in this program is how how important is to think critically about new environmental health and justice solutions. The fellows have really shown me that, you know, a new solution may be great, but thinking about who's actually being protected and who's being forgotten, the fellows show me, year after year, how passionate and determined they are to make sure community does not get left behind or forgotten when these new solutions roll out. And I absolutely love that, and I learn so much every single time. And an issue that I hope to follow in the new year, I hope to continue to generate science around relaxers and the chemicals of concern that are in them, in the hopes that that work can reinvigorate and kind of re-excite FDA to think about regulating some of these chemicals and relaxers and other hair products that predominantly impact women of color. So I hope to keep pushing policy-relevant science in the upcoming year about these chemicals and personal care products.

Samar Ahmad

I'm Samar Ahmad and I'm program manager for the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. Something that I've been surprised from my time with the Agents of Change program are the profound connections that develop throughout this fellowship, despite meeting only once or twice a year, our fellows have made lasting friendships and really meaningful bonds, which have led to collaborations, both within and beyond the environmental justice space and as a program manager and the person who plans and leads the in person retreats, this is incredibly rewarding to see. An environmental issue that I'm excited is being discussed is extreme heat. I think that this is an issue that scientists in the field have been talking about for a long time, but maybe has not been taken seriously by mainstream media, and the fact that is now getting coverage and press in big news outlets and journals, I think is really important, especially in terms of making policy changes that will eventually help to reduce the temperature of our Earth.

Emily Weaver

Hi, my name is Emily Weaver, and I'm a program associate with Agents of Change. Something that surprised me about the Agents of Change fellowship is the sheer amount of connection that happens at the retreats. Just everyone I've talked to, and all the fellows that I meet, I feel like I can find something in common, even if we come from different disciplines, different backgrounds, different parts of the world, which I think is a super cool form of connection as we all have this, like, shared interest in environmental justice and an environmental issue. I'm excited to follow our environmental determinants of cancer and environmental health exposures. I'm working on a project right now through Columbia in Cancer Alley in Louisiana, and that's something that I'm excited for. Just it's like getting a lot of attention. I read an article in The New York Times earlier today just talking about personal care product use and how that could possibly be linked to rising cancer rates in people under 40. But I'm just generally happy this is like being talked about more and excited to do more research in this area.

Dr. Ami Zota

Hello. I'm Dr Ami Zota, and I'm the founder and director of the Agents of Change in Environmental Justice program. One thing I've learned is in a surprising, or pleasantly surprising way, from this program is truly the power of the collective, both in terms of the collective power of bringing all of these truly creative, brilliant and inspiring young scholars from marginalized backgrounds together and just that collective force. I've also learned a lot from our growing leadership team for the program, their heart and creativity. Creativity and hard work really continues to make the program impactful, new, exciting and worth watching. Something I'm looking forward to in the environmental, health and justice space, really, lots of things to look forward to. I'm looking forward to seeing sort of how media, advocacy, policy and research combined forces to on the petrochemicals and plastics front, there's a lot of exciting work happening, really at the intersections of these different sectors. I'm also excited to keep advancing the quest for Beauty justice, with some new and exciting projects that are under wraps. So stay tuned.

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Like Many Holiday Traditions, Lighting Candles and Fireplaces Is Best Done in Moderation

The warm scents of gingerbread and pine are holiday favorites, but experts warn they can affect indoor air quality

The warm spices in gingerbread, the woodsy aroma of pine and fir trees, and the fruity tang of mulled wine are smells synonymous with the holiday season. Many people enjoy lighting candles, incense and fireplaces in their homes to evoke the moods associated with these festive fragrances.Burning scented products may create a cozy ambiance, and in the case of fireplaces, provide light and heat, but some experts want people to consider how doing so contributes to the quality of the air indoors. All flames release chemicals that may cause allergy-like symptoms or contribute to long-term respiratory problems if they are inhaled in sufficient quantities.However, people don't have to stop sitting by the hearth or get rid of products like perfumed candles and essential oil diffusers, said Dr. Meredith McCormack, director of the pulmonary and critical care medicine division at John Hopkins University’s medical school. Instead, she recommends taking precautions to control the pollutants in their homes.“Clean air is fragrance free,” said McCormack, who has studied air quality and lung health for more than 20 years. “If having seasonal scents is part of your tradition or evokes feelings of nostalgia, maybe think about it in moderation.” What to know about indoor air quality People in the Northern Hemisphere tend to spend more time indoors during the end-of-year holidays, when temperatures are colder. Indoor air can be significantly more polluted than outdoor air because pollutants get trapped inside and concentrated without proper ventilation or filtration, according to the American Lung Association.For example, active fireplaces and gas appliances release tiny airborne particles that can get into the lungs and chemicals like nitrogen dioxide, a major component of smog, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cleaning products, air fresheners and candles also emit air pollutants at varying concentrations.The risk fragrances and other air pollutants may pose to respiratory health depends on the source, the length and intensity of a person’s exposure, and individual health, McCormack said.It is also important to note that some pollutants have no smell, so unscented products still can affect indoor air quality, experts say. Some people are more vulnerable Polluted air affects everyone but not equally. Children, older adults, minority populations and people of low socioeconomic status are more likely to be affected by poor air quality because of either physiological vulnerabilities or higher exposure, according to the environmental agency.Children are more susceptible to air pollution because of their lung size, which means they get a greater dose of exposure relative to their body size, McCormack said. Pollutants inside the home also post a greater hazard to people with heart or lung conditions, including asthma, she said.Signs of respiratory irritation include coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, a runny nose and sneezing. Experts advise stopping use of pollutant-releasing products or immediately ventilating rooms if symptoms occur.“The more risk factors you have, the more harmful air pollution or poor air quality indoors can be,” McCormack said. Practical precautions to take Ellen Wilkowe burns candles with scents like vanilla and cinnamon when she does yoga, writes or when she is showering at her home in New Jersey. Her teenage daughter, on the other hand, likes more seasonally scented candles like gingerbread.“The candle has a calming presence. They are also very symbolic and used in rituals and many religions,” she said.Wilkowe said she leans toward candles made with soy-based waxes instead of petroleum-based paraffin. Experts note that all lit candles give off air pollutants regardless of what they are made of.Buying products with fewer ingredients, opening windows if the temperatures allow, and using air purifiers with HEPA filters are ways to reduce exposure to any pollutants from indoor fireplaces, appliances and candle displays, McCormack said. She also recommends switching on kitchen exhaust fans before starting a gas-powered stovetop and using the back burners so the vent can more easily suck up pollutants.Setting polite boundaries with guests who smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products is also a good idea, she said.“Small improvements in air quality can have measurable health benefits," McCormack said. "Similarly to if we exercise and eat a little better, we can be healthier.”Rachael Lewis-Abbott, a member of the Indoor Air Quality Association, an organization for professionals who identify and address air quality problems, said people don't usually notice what they are breathing in until problems like gas leaks or mold develop.“It is out of sight, out of mind,” she said.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See – December 2025

This moss survived in space for 9 months

In an experiment on the outside of the International Space Station, a species of moss survived in space for 9 months. And it could have lasted much longer. The post This moss survived in space for 9 months first appeared on EarthSky.

Meet a spreading earthmoss known as Physcomitrella patens. It’s frequently used as a model organism for studies on plant evolution, development, and physiology. In this image, a reddish-brown sporophyte sits at the top center of a leafy gametophore. This capsule contains numerous spores inside. Scientists tested samples like these on the outside of the International Space Station (ISS) to see if they could tolerate the extreme airless environment. And they did. The moss survived in space for 9 months and could have lasted even longer. Image via Tomomichi Fujita/ EurekAlert! (CC BY-SA). Space is a deadly environment, with no air, extreme temperature swings and harsh radiation. Could any life survive there? Reasearchers in Japan tested a type of moss called spreading earthmoss on the exterior of the International Space Station. The moss survived for nine months, and the spores were still able to reproduce when brought back to Earth. Moss survived in space for 9 months Can life exist in space? Not simply on other planets or moons, but in the cold, dark, airless void of space itself? Most organisms would perish almost immediately, to be sure. But researchers in Japan recently experimented with moss, with surprising results. They said on November 20, 2025, that more than 80% of their moss spores survived nine months on the outside of the International Space Station. Not only that, but when brought back to Earth, they were still capable of reproducing. Nature, it seems, is even tougher than we thought! Amazingly, the results show that some primitive plants – not even just microorganisms – can survive long-term exposure to the extreme space environment. The researchers published their peer-reviewed findings in the journal iScience on November 20, 2025. A deadly environment for life Space is a horrible place for life. The lack of air, radiation and extreme cold make it pretty much unsurvivable for life as we know it. As lead author Tomomichi Fujita at Hokkaido University in Japan stated: Most living organisms, including humans, cannot survive even briefly in the vacuum of space. However, the moss spores retained their vitality after nine months of direct exposure. This provides striking evidence that the life that has evolved on Earth possesses, at the cellular level, intrinsic mechanisms to endure the conditions of space. This #moss survived 9 months directly exposed to the vacuum space and could still reproduce after returning to Earth. ? ? spkl.io/63322AdFrpTomomichi Fujita & colleagues@cp-iscience.bsky.social — Cell Press (@cellpress.bsky.social) 2025-11-24T16:00:02.992Z What about moss? Researchers wanted to see if any Earthly life could survive in space’s deadly environment for the long term. To find out, they decided to do some experiments with a type of moss called spreading earthmoss, or Physcomitrium patens. The researchers sent hundreds of sporophytes – encapsulated moss spores – to the International Space Station in March 2022, aboard the Cygnus NG-17 spacecraft. They attached the sporophyte samples to the outside of the ISS, where they were exposed to the vacuum of space for 283 days. By doing so, the samples were subjected to high levels of UV (ultraviolet) radiation and extreme swings of temperature. The samples later returned to Earth in January 2023. The researchers tested three parts of the moss. These were the protonemata, or juvenile moss; brood cells, or specialized stem cells that emerge under stress conditions; and the sporophytes. Fujita said: We anticipated that the combined stresses of space, including vacuum, cosmic radiation, extreme temperature fluctuations and microgravity, would cause far greater damage than any single stress alone. Astronauts placed the moss samples on the outside of the International Space Station for the 9-month-long experiment. Incredibly, more than 80% of the the encapsulated spores survived the trip to space and back to Earth. Image via NASA/ Roscosmos. The moss survived! So, how did the moss do? The results were mixed, but overall showed that the moss could survive in space. The radiation was the most difficult aspect of the space environment to withstand. The sporophytes were the most resilient. Incredibly, they were able to survive and germinate after being exposed to -196 degrees Celsius (-320 degrees Fahrenheit) for more than a week. At the other extreme, they also survived in 55° degrees C (131 degrees F) heat for a month. Some brood cells survived as well, but the encased spores were about 1,000 times more tolerant to the UV radiation. On the other hand, none of the juvenile moss survived the high UV levels or the extreme temperatures. Samples of moss spores that germinated after their 9-month exposure to space. Image via Dr. Chang-hyun Maeng/ Maika Kobayashi/ EurekAlert!. (CC BY-SA). How did the spores survive? So why did the encapsulated spores do so well? The researchers said the natural structure surrounding the spore itself helps to protect the spore. Essentially, it absorbs the UV radiation and surrounds the inner spore both physically and chemically to prevent damage. As it turns out, this might be associated with the evolution of mosses. This is an adaptation that helped bryophytes – the group of plants to which mosses belong – to make the transition from aquatic to terrestrial plants 500 million years ago. Overall, more than 80% of the spores survived the journey to space and then back to Earth. And only 11% were unable to germinate after being brought back to the lab on Earth. That’s impressive! In addition, the researchers also tested the levels of chlorophyll in the spores. After the exposure to space, the spores still had normal amounts of chlorophyll, except for chlorophyll a specifically. In that case, there was a 20% reduction. Chlorophyll a is used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs the most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light. Tomomichi Fujita at Hokkaido University in Japan is the lead author of the new study about moss in space. Image via Hokkaido University. Spores could have survived for 15 years The time available for the experiment was limited to the several months. However, the researchers wondered if the moss spores could have survived even longer. And using mathematical models, they determined the spores would likely have continued to live in space for about 15 years, or 5,600 days, altogether. The researchers note this prediction is a rough estimate. More data would still be needed to make that assessment even more accurate. So the results show just how resilient moss is, and perhaps some other kinds of life, too. Fujita said: This study demonstrates the astonishing resilience of life that originated on Earth. Ultimately, we hope this work opens a new frontier toward constructing ecosystems in extraterrestrial environments such as the moon and Mars. I hope that our moss research will serve as a starting point. Bottom line: In an experiment on the outside of the International Space Station, a species of moss survived in space for nine months. And it could have lasted much longer. Source: Extreme environmental tolerance and space survivability of the moss, Physcomitrium patens Via EurekAlert! Read more: This desert moss could grow on Mars, no greenhouse needed Read more: Colorful life on exoplanets might be lurking in cloudsThe post This moss survived in space for 9 months first appeared on EarthSky.

Medical Imaging Contributing To Water Pollution, Experts Say

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Dec. 11, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Contrast chemicals injected into people for medical imaging scans...

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Dec. 11, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Contrast chemicals injected into people for medical imaging scans are likely contributing to water pollution, a new study says.Medicare patients alone received 13.5 billion milliliters of contrast media between 2011 and 2024, and those chemicals wound up in waterways after people excreted them, researchers recently reported in JAMA Network Open.“Contrast agents are necessary for effective imaging, but they don’t disappear after use,” said lead researcher Dr. Florence Doo, an assistant professor at the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging Center in Baltimore.“Iodine and gadolinium are non-renewable resources that can enter wastewater and accumulate in rivers, oceans and even drinking water,” Doo said in a news release.People undergoing X-ray or CT scans are sometimes given iodine or barium-sulfate compounds that cause certain tissues, blood vessels or organs to light up, allowing radiologists a better look at potential health problems.For MRI scans, radiologists use gadolinium, a substance that alters the magnetic properties of water molecules in the human body.These are critical for diagnosing disease, but they are also persistent pollutants, researchers said in background notes. They aren’t biodegradable, and conventional wastewater treatment doesn’t fully remove them.For the new study, researchers analyzed 169 million contrast-enhanced imaging procedures that Medicare covered over 13 years.Iodine-based contrast agents accounted for more than 95% of the total volume, or nearly 12.9 billion milliliters. Of those, agents used in CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis alone contributed 4.4 billion milliliters.Gadolinium agents were less frequently used, but still contributed nearly 600 million milliliters, researchers said. Brain MRIs were the most common scan using these contrast materials.Overall, just a handful of procedures accounted for 80% of all contrast use, researchers concluded.“Our study shows that a small number of imaging procedures drive the majority of contrast use. Focusing on those highest-use imaging types make meaningful changes tractable and could significantly reduce health care’s environmental footprint,” researcher Elizabeth Rula, executive director of the Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute in Reston, Va., said in a news release.Doctors can help by making sure their imaging orders are necessary, while radiologists can lower the doses of contrast agents by basing them on a patient’s weight, researchers said.Biodegradable contrast media are under development, researchers noted. Another solution could involve AI, which might be able to accurately analyze medical imaging scans even if less contrast media is used.“We can’t ignore the environmental consequences of medical imaging,” Doo said. “Stewardship of contrast agents is a measurable and impactful way to align patient care with planetary health and should be an important part of broader health care sustainability efforts.”SOURCES: Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute, news release, Dec. 4, 2025; JAMA Network Open, Dec. 5, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

Cars to AI: How new tech drives demand for specialized materials

Generative artificial intelligence has become widely accepted as a tool that increases productivity. Yet the technology is far from mature. Large language models advance rapidly from one generation to the next, and experts can only speculate how AI will affect the workforce and people’s daily lives. As a materials scientist, I am interested in how materials and the technologies that derive from them affect society. AI is one example of a technology driving global change—particularly through its demand for materials and rare minerals. But before AI evolved to its current level, two other technologies exemplified the process created by the demand for specialized materials: cars and smartphones. Often, the mass adoption of a new invention changes human behavior, which leads to new technologies and infrastructures reliant upon the invention. In turn, these new technologies and infrastructures require new or improved materials—and these often contain critical minerals: those minerals that are both essential to the technology and strain the supply chain. The unequal distribution of these minerals gives leverage to the nations that produce them. The resulting power shifts strain geopolitical relations and drive the search for new mineral sources. New technology nurtures the mining industry. The car and the development of suburbs At the beginning of the 20th century, only 5 out of 1,000 people owned a car, with annual production around a few thousand. Workers commuted on foot or by tram. Within a 2-mile radius, many people had all they needed: from groceries to hardware, from school to church, and from shoemakers to doctors. Then, in 1913, Henry Ford transformed the industry by inventing the assembly line. Now, a middle class family could afford a car: Mass production cut the price of the Model T from US$850 in 1908 to $360 in 1916. While the Great Depression dampened the broad adoption of the car, sales began to increase again after the end of World War II. With cars came more mobility, and many people moved farther away from work. In the 1940s and 1950s, a powerful highway lobby that included oil, automobile, and construction interests promoted federal highway and transportation policies, which increased automobile dependence. These policies helped change the landscape: Houses were spaced farther apart, and located farther away from the urban centers where many people worked. By the 1960s, two-thirds of American workers commuted by car, and the average commute had increased to 10 miles. Public policy and investment favored suburbs, which meant less investment in city centers. The resulting decay made living in downtown areas of many cities undesirable and triggered urban renewal projects. Long commutes added to pollution and expenses, which created a demand for lighter, more fuel-efficient cars. But building these required better materials. In 1970, the entire frame and body of a car was made from one steel type, but by 2017, 10 different, highly specialized steels constituted a vehicle’s lightweight form. Each steel contains different chemical elements, such as molybdenum and vanadium, which are mined only in a few countries. While the car supply chain was mostly domestic until the 1970s, the car industry today relies heavily on imports. This dependence has created tension with international trade partners, as reflected by higher tariffs on steel. The cellphone and American life The cellphone presents another example of a technology creating a demand for minerals and affecting foreign policy. In 1983, Motorola released the DynaTAC, the first commercial cellular phone. It was heavy, expensive, and its battery lasted for only half an hour, so few people had one. Then in 1996, Motorola introduced the flip phone, which was cheaper, lighter, and more convenient to use. The flip phone initiated the mass adoption of cellphones. However, it was still just a phone: Unlike today’s smartphones, all it did was send and receive calls and texts. In 2007, Apple redefined communication with the iPhone, inventing the touchscreen and integrating an internet navigator. The phone became a digital hub for navigating, finding information, and building an online social identity. Before smartphones, mobile phones supplemented daily life. Now, they structure it. In 2000, fewer than half of American adults owned a cellphone, and nearly all who did used it only sporadically. In 2024, 98% of Americans over the age of 18 reported owning a cellphone, and over 90% owned a smartphone. Without the smartphone, most people cannot fulfill their daily tasks. Many individuals now experience nomophobia: They feel anxious without a cellphone. Around three-quarters of all stable elements are represented in the components of each smartphone. These elements are necessary for highly specialized materials that enable touchscreens, displays, batteries, speakers, microphones, and cameras. Many of these elements are essential for at least one function and have an unreliable supply chain, which makes them critical. Critical materials and AI Critical materials give leverage to countries that have a monopoly in mining and processing them. For example, China has gained increased power through its monopoly on rare earth elements. In April 2025, in response to U.S. tariffs, China stopped exporting rare earth magnets, which are used in cellphones. The geopolitical tensions that resulted demonstrate the power embodied in the control over critical minerals. The mass adoption of AI technology will likely change human behavior and bring forth new technologies, industries, and infrastructure on which the U.S. economy will depend. All of these technologies will require more optimized and specialized materials and create new material dependencies. By exacerbating material dependencies, AI could affect geopolitical relations and reorganize global power. America has rich deposits of many important minerals, but extraction of these minerals comes with challenges. Factors including slow and costly permitting, public opposition, environmental concerns, high investment costs, and an inadequate workforce all can prevent mining companies from accessing these resources. The mass adoption of AI is already adding pressure to overcome these factors and to increase responsible domestic mining. While the path from innovation to material dependence spanned a century for cars and a couple of decades for cellphones, the rapid advancement of large language models suggests that the scale will be measured in years for AI. The heat is already on. Peter Müllner is a distinguished professor in materials science and engineering at Boise State University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Generative artificial intelligence has become widely accepted as a tool that increases productivity. Yet the technology is far from mature. Large language models advance rapidly from one generation to the next, and experts can only speculate how AI will affect the workforce and people’s daily lives. As a materials scientist, I am interested in how materials and the technologies that derive from them affect society. AI is one example of a technology driving global change—particularly through its demand for materials and rare minerals. But before AI evolved to its current level, two other technologies exemplified the process created by the demand for specialized materials: cars and smartphones. Often, the mass adoption of a new invention changes human behavior, which leads to new technologies and infrastructures reliant upon the invention. In turn, these new technologies and infrastructures require new or improved materials—and these often contain critical minerals: those minerals that are both essential to the technology and strain the supply chain. The unequal distribution of these minerals gives leverage to the nations that produce them. The resulting power shifts strain geopolitical relations and drive the search for new mineral sources. New technology nurtures the mining industry. The car and the development of suburbs At the beginning of the 20th century, only 5 out of 1,000 people owned a car, with annual production around a few thousand. Workers commuted on foot or by tram. Within a 2-mile radius, many people had all they needed: from groceries to hardware, from school to church, and from shoemakers to doctors. Then, in 1913, Henry Ford transformed the industry by inventing the assembly line. Now, a middle class family could afford a car: Mass production cut the price of the Model T from US$850 in 1908 to $360 in 1916. While the Great Depression dampened the broad adoption of the car, sales began to increase again after the end of World War II. With cars came more mobility, and many people moved farther away from work. In the 1940s and 1950s, a powerful highway lobby that included oil, automobile, and construction interests promoted federal highway and transportation policies, which increased automobile dependence. These policies helped change the landscape: Houses were spaced farther apart, and located farther away from the urban centers where many people worked. By the 1960s, two-thirds of American workers commuted by car, and the average commute had increased to 10 miles. Public policy and investment favored suburbs, which meant less investment in city centers. The resulting decay made living in downtown areas of many cities undesirable and triggered urban renewal projects. Long commutes added to pollution and expenses, which created a demand for lighter, more fuel-efficient cars. But building these required better materials. In 1970, the entire frame and body of a car was made from one steel type, but by 2017, 10 different, highly specialized steels constituted a vehicle’s lightweight form. Each steel contains different chemical elements, such as molybdenum and vanadium, which are mined only in a few countries. While the car supply chain was mostly domestic until the 1970s, the car industry today relies heavily on imports. This dependence has created tension with international trade partners, as reflected by higher tariffs on steel. The cellphone and American life The cellphone presents another example of a technology creating a demand for minerals and affecting foreign policy. In 1983, Motorola released the DynaTAC, the first commercial cellular phone. It was heavy, expensive, and its battery lasted for only half an hour, so few people had one. Then in 1996, Motorola introduced the flip phone, which was cheaper, lighter, and more convenient to use. The flip phone initiated the mass adoption of cellphones. However, it was still just a phone: Unlike today’s smartphones, all it did was send and receive calls and texts. In 2007, Apple redefined communication with the iPhone, inventing the touchscreen and integrating an internet navigator. The phone became a digital hub for navigating, finding information, and building an online social identity. Before smartphones, mobile phones supplemented daily life. Now, they structure it. In 2000, fewer than half of American adults owned a cellphone, and nearly all who did used it only sporadically. In 2024, 98% of Americans over the age of 18 reported owning a cellphone, and over 90% owned a smartphone. Without the smartphone, most people cannot fulfill their daily tasks. Many individuals now experience nomophobia: They feel anxious without a cellphone. Around three-quarters of all stable elements are represented in the components of each smartphone. These elements are necessary for highly specialized materials that enable touchscreens, displays, batteries, speakers, microphones, and cameras. Many of these elements are essential for at least one function and have an unreliable supply chain, which makes them critical. Critical materials and AI Critical materials give leverage to countries that have a monopoly in mining and processing them. For example, China has gained increased power through its monopoly on rare earth elements. In April 2025, in response to U.S. tariffs, China stopped exporting rare earth magnets, which are used in cellphones. The geopolitical tensions that resulted demonstrate the power embodied in the control over critical minerals. The mass adoption of AI technology will likely change human behavior and bring forth new technologies, industries, and infrastructure on which the U.S. economy will depend. All of these technologies will require more optimized and specialized materials and create new material dependencies. By exacerbating material dependencies, AI could affect geopolitical relations and reorganize global power. America has rich deposits of many important minerals, but extraction of these minerals comes with challenges. Factors including slow and costly permitting, public opposition, environmental concerns, high investment costs, and an inadequate workforce all can prevent mining companies from accessing these resources. The mass adoption of AI is already adding pressure to overcome these factors and to increase responsible domestic mining. While the path from innovation to material dependence spanned a century for cars and a couple of decades for cellphones, the rapid advancement of large language models suggests that the scale will be measured in years for AI. The heat is already on. Peter Müllner is a distinguished professor in materials science and engineering at Boise State University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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