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Youth at the forefront of climate change litigation

News Feed
Thursday, April 4, 2024

Young climate advocates are challenging the U.S. government in court, demanding accountability for climate change inactions.Ruxandra Guidi reports for High Country News.In short:Young activists, including a notable 23-year-old plaintiff in the Juliana v. United States case, leverage legal battles to hold the U.S. government accountable for climate negligence.These legal challenges, rooted in the Atmospheric Trust Litigation principle, assert the government's failure to protect the constitutional rights of its younger citizens.Historical context shows that youth have always been pivotal in driving significant political movements, emphasizing the enduring power of young voices in societal change.Key quote:“There are simple things you can do in your own homes, like not let the water run, or turn off the lights when you’re not using them. You could teach these things to your children. Every choice we make is for or against our future.”— 6-year-old Xiuhtezcatl MartinezWhy this matters:The impact of youth activism is undeniable. It has reinvigorated older generations of environmentalists, brought climate issues to the forefront of political debates, and even influenced the strategies of nonprofit organizations and advocacy groups. Their call for action is not just about reducing carbon emissions or protecting natural habitats but encompasses a broader vision of social justice, equity, and intergenerational responsibility.Youth environmental activism has moved us forward in many ways—but to maximize this impact we need coalitions that learn from the past in order to prepare for the future.

Young climate advocates are challenging the U.S. government in court, demanding accountability for climate change inactions.Ruxandra Guidi reports for High Country News.In short:Young activists, including a notable 23-year-old plaintiff in the Juliana v. United States case, leverage legal battles to hold the U.S. government accountable for climate negligence.These legal challenges, rooted in the Atmospheric Trust Litigation principle, assert the government's failure to protect the constitutional rights of its younger citizens.Historical context shows that youth have always been pivotal in driving significant political movements, emphasizing the enduring power of young voices in societal change.Key quote:“There are simple things you can do in your own homes, like not let the water run, or turn off the lights when you’re not using them. You could teach these things to your children. Every choice we make is for or against our future.”— 6-year-old Xiuhtezcatl MartinezWhy this matters:The impact of youth activism is undeniable. It has reinvigorated older generations of environmentalists, brought climate issues to the forefront of political debates, and even influenced the strategies of nonprofit organizations and advocacy groups. Their call for action is not just about reducing carbon emissions or protecting natural habitats but encompasses a broader vision of social justice, equity, and intergenerational responsibility.Youth environmental activism has moved us forward in many ways—but to maximize this impact we need coalitions that learn from the past in order to prepare for the future.



Young climate advocates are challenging the U.S. government in court, demanding accountability for climate change inactions.

Ruxandra Guidi reports for High Country News.


In short:

  • Young activists, including a notable 23-year-old plaintiff in the Juliana v. United States case, leverage legal battles to hold the U.S. government accountable for climate negligence.
  • These legal challenges, rooted in the Atmospheric Trust Litigation principle, assert the government's failure to protect the constitutional rights of its younger citizens.
  • Historical context shows that youth have always been pivotal in driving significant political movements, emphasizing the enduring power of young voices in societal change.

Key quote:

“There are simple things you can do in your own homes, like not let the water run, or turn off the lights when you’re not using them. You could teach these things to your children. Every choice we make is for or against our future.”

— 6-year-old Xiuhtezcatl Martinez

Why this matters:

The impact of youth activism is undeniable. It has reinvigorated older generations of environmentalists, brought climate issues to the forefront of political debates, and even influenced the strategies of nonprofit organizations and advocacy groups. Their call for action is not just about reducing carbon emissions or protecting natural habitats but encompasses a broader vision of social justice, equity, and intergenerational responsibility.

Youth environmental activism has moved us forward in many ways—but to maximize this impact we need coalitions that learn from the past in order to prepare for the future.

Read the full story here.
Photos courtesy of

UN Talks Fail to Reach Agreement on Dealing With Rising Risk of Global Drought

Despite two weeks of U.N.-sponsored talks in Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh, the participating 197 nations failed to agree on a plan to deal with global droughts, made longer and more severe by a warming climate

BENGALURU, India (AP) — Despite two weeks of U.N.-sponsored talks in Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh, the participating 197 nations failed to agree early Saturday on a plan to deal with global droughts, made longer and more severe by a warming climate.The biennial talks, known as COP 16 and organized by a UN body that deals with combating desertification and droughts, attempted to create strong global mandates to legally bind and require nations to fund early warning systems and build resilient infrastructure in poorer countries, particularly Africa, which is worst affected by the changes.The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification released a report earlier this week warning that if global warming trends continue, nearly five billion people — including in most of Europe, parts of the western U.S., Brazil, eastern Asia and central Africa — will be affected by the drying of Earth’s lands by the end of the century, up from a quarter of the world’s population today. The report also said farming was particularly at risk, which can lead to food insecurity for communities worldwide. This is the fourth time UN talks aimed at getting countries to agree to make more headway on tackling biodiversity loss, climate change and plastic pollution have either failed to reach a consensus or delivered disappointing results this year, worrying many nations, particularly the most vulnerable.Nations participating in the Riyadh discussions decided to push the can down the road to the 2026 talks, hosted by Mongolia. “Parties need more time to agree on what’s the best way forward to address the critical issue of drought,” said Ibrahim Thiaw, the UNCCD chief, speaking at the end of the Riyadh talks. Thiaw said the conference was “like no other” in the talks' 30-year history. “We have elevated the land and drought agenda beyond sector-specific discussions, establishing it as a cornerstone of global efforts to address inter-connected challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, food insecurity, migration and global security.” Longer-lasting solutions to drought — such as the curbing of climate change — were not a talking point. Host Saudi Arabia has been criticized in the past for stalling progress on curbing emissions from fossil fuels at other negotiations. The Gulf nation is one of the world’s largest oil producers and exporters with the second-largest global oil reserves. Earlier in the conference, hosts Saudi Arabia, a few other countries and international banks pledged $2.15 billion for drought resilience. And the Arab Coordination Group, made up of 10 development banks based in the Middle East, committed $10 billion by 2030 to address degrading land, desertification and drought. The funds are expected to support 80 of the most vulnerable countries prepare for worsening drought conditions.But the U.N. estimates that between 2007 and 2017, droughts will cost $125 billion worldwide.Erika Gomez, lead negotiator from Panama said while a decision on dealing with drought was not reached, significant progress was made in other key issues. “We have achieved several key milestones, particularly in the growing traction of civil society engagement and the gender decision,” Gomez said. “Until the very end, parties could not agree on whether or not the new instrument to respond to drought should be legally binding or not,” said Jes Weigelt of European climate think-tank TMG Research who has been tracking the talks. “I fear, the UNCCD COP 16 has suffered the same fate as the biodiversity and climate COPs this year. It failed to deliver,” he said. The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See - Sept. 2024

NOAA: 99 percent chance 2024 will be warmest year ever recorded

November 2024 was Earth’s second warmest month in 175 years of record-keeping, and the year is all but certain to be the warmest on record, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Average worldwide land and ocean surface temperatures for the month were 2.41 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 55.2 degree...

November 2024 was Earth’s second warmest month in 175 years of record-keeping, and the year is all but certain to be the warmest on record, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Average worldwide land and ocean surface temperatures for the month were 2.41 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 55.2 degree average in the 20th-century. Only last November, which was 0.14 degrees warmer, surpassed this year. The month was also the second-warmest recorded for Oceania and South America while in Asia, it was the warmest on record. For the first 11 months of the year, the global land and ocean surface temperature was 2.3 degrees warmer than the last century’s average, the warmest recorded temperature for the first 11 months of the year and for every continent excluding Asia. Based on data from the National Centers for Environmental Information’s (NCEI) Global Annual Temperature Rankings Outlook, there is only a 1 percent chance 2024 will fall short of the record. NOAA also found that last month, Arctic sea ice extent was the third-lowest ever recorded for November, while coverage was the overall lowest ever recorded for both the Antarctic and the globe in general. The report comes just over a month after the agency determined that October 2024 was both the second-warmest and second-driest October ever recorded in the U.S. after 1963, with an average temperature nearly 5 degrees warmer than that of the 20th century. Meanwhile, the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service drew similar conclusions in November, saying that not only was October the second-warmest ever recorded after 2023 but also that 2024 is likely to be the warmest ever recorded. The service also found October was the 15th of the last 16 months in which the global average surface air temperature was above the 1.5 degrees Celsius identified as the warming threshold by the Paris Climate Agreement.

Atmospheric River Forecasts Are Improving Thanks to Storm-Hunting Planes

Better forecasting would help communities prepare for the extreme weather from atmospheric rivers that causes an average of $1 billion in damages a year on the West Coast

December 13, 20244 min readStorm-Hunting Planes Are Taking on Atmospheric Rivers to Improve ForecastsBetter forecasting would help communities prepare for the extreme weather from atmospheric rivers that causes an average of $1 billion in damages a year on the West CoastBy Chelsea Harvey & E&E NewsA resident looks over a flooded road on November 22, 2024 in Forestville, California. A powerful atmospheric river is bringing heavy rains and wind to the San Francisco Bay Area for the third straight day. Justin Sullivan/Getty ImagesCLIMATEWIRE | New England was still recovering Friday from a bout of extreme weather that dumped rainfall across the region and left tens of thousands of residents without power.The midweek storm, fueled by a weather system known as an atmospheric river, produced wind gusts up to 60 miles per hour and likely gave Providence, Rhode Island, its wettest winter day on record — with as much as 5 inches of rain, according to preliminary reports.Atmospheric rivers aren’t new to meteorologists, but they are notoriously difficult to predict.On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.Like their earthbound counterparts, atmospheric rivers move massive amounts of water. They can carry through the air a volume of water vapor that’s equivalent to more than 10 times the water flow at the mouth of the Mississippi River.The extreme moisture goes hand-in-hand with heavy cloud cover, which is a big reason it’s hard for satellites to accurately observe them — and for meteorologists to develop forecasts.But now scientists say they’re making strides in predicting their behavior.Researchers with the National Weather Service and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego have teamed up on a project known as the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance Program, or AR Recon.The program skirts the satellite issue by collecting direct measurements from buoys and in the ocean and from special instruments dropped by planes including NOAA’s weather-monitoring G-IV jets and the Air Force Reserve’s famous “Hurricane Hunters.”The on-site data already have led to marked improvements in atmospheric river forecasts. Models using these measurements have shown as much as a 12 percent improvement for forecasts in Central California and a 6 percent improvement for the continental United States as a whole.These improvements are “moving the needle for the first time ever in the last couple of decades,” said Vijay Tallapragada, a senior scientist at NOAA’s Environmental Modeling Center.Tallapragada is a co-principal investigator with the AR Recon program alongside Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at Scripps.The advances in forecasts are a big deal — especially for the West Coast, where research suggests atmospheric rivers cause an average of $1 billion in damages each year.Accurate information on the timing and location of an atmospheric river’s landfall — and the amount of moisture it’s carrying — also helps western water managers strategically release supplies from their water reservoirs in advance, reducing the risk of damaging floods.Plans for expansionThe AR Recon program kicked off in 2016 with three aircraft missions. These flights are carefully plotted by scientists in real time each winter as weather systems develop, with aircraft directed to fly in patterns specially designed for atmospheric river data collection.The program has continued to expand in the years since, now launching dozens of flights each winter. This year will mark its most ambitious season yet.From early January through early March, two Air Force Reserve aircraft will be stationed in California and fully assigned to AR Recon, while a NOAA jet will be stationed in Hawaii. And two more aircraft will be stationed in Japan for the first time from late January through mid-February to collect new observations in the western Pacific.Ships and planes also will deploy around 80 drifting buoys across the ocean this season. And scientists will release weather balloons from stations in Washington and California for additional measurements.In future seasons, AR Recon scientists plan to expand their work and deploy flights from the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast.And they’re starting a new partnership with U.S. universities this year too — aimed at expanding weather balloon observations across the country. The pilot will kick off this winter with five university partners, with the goal of expanding to 25 universities by February 2026.The program also will rope in European partners for a one-month experiment in early 2026, flying European aircraft alongside U.S. aircraft for improved data collection over the Atlantic.At the moment, atmospheric river forecasts are most accurate about three to five days out, Tallapragada noted. The program’s goal is to improve those forecasts to the seven-to-10 day range, a time period that will give emergency officials and water managers more time to plan for heavy precipitation events and try to mitigate flood risks.“I think it is possible with concerted efforts across multiple agencies and the assets that we have,” Tallapragada said. “The plan is to make significant advancements in our prediction technologies and bring the big changes in the stagnant precipitation forecast skill.”The threat of atmospheric rivers recently has drawn the attention of lawmakers. Last year, Congress passed the Atmospheric Rivers Reconnaissance, Observation and Warning Act through the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2024, requiring winter season monitoring of atmospheric river systems off the West Coast.And U.S. Sens. Alex Padilla (D-Calif.) and Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) introduced a new bill in November known as the Improving Atmospheric River Forecasts Act, which would require NOAA to establish a new observation and forecasting program within the National Weather Service.“For the past several years, California communities have witnessed firsthand the ongoing threat of destructive flooding caused by intense and frequent atmospheric river storms,” Padilla said in a statement. “California scientists have led the way in improving our understanding of these storms, and this bipartisan bill will strengthen forecasts to both reduce flood risks and bolster our water supply and drought resilience.”Reprinted from E&E News with permission from POLITICO, LLC. Copyright 2024. E&E News provides essential news for energy and environment professionals.

Saudi Arabia's Plans to Host the Men's World Cup 2034 Will Be Harmful for the Climate, Experts Say

Saudi Arabia says that to host the 2034 World Cup in men’s soccer, it will build or renovate 15 stadiums, create a futuristic city and expand airports and public transport in a massive buildout to accommodate millions of athletes, coaches and spectators

As the newly-named host of the 2034 World Cup in men's soccer, Saudi Arabia says it will construct or renovate 15 stadiums, create a futuristic city and expand airports in a massive buildout to accommodate millions of athletes, coaches and spectators. That will emit tons of planet-warming greenhouse gases as concrete and steel are manufactured and transported, diesel-powered excavators and trucks are used and new buildings are powered and cooled. When all the emissions associated with the world's buildings are grouped together, they are the largest contributor to climate change. Constructing so many new venues is “environmentally wasteful in the extreme” because so much carbon will be emitted and scarce resources used, said Andrew Zimbalist, an economics professor at Smith College in Massachusetts who has written several books about the economics of mega sporting events. Zimbalist said the World Cup should be held in countries with a developed soccer culture and industry.Seth Warren Rose, founding director of the research organization Eneref Institute, said the world will be even hotter a decade from now, and can’t afford this added warming.“I’m sorry, but we’re living in a different planet. We have to prepare for that,” Rose said. “By 2034, we’ll be living in a different climate and that’s not a metaphor."Rose said his message to organizers is: Make a genuine effort to reduce emissions or don't host at all.In a bid book detailing its plans for development across five cities ahead of the World Cup, Saudi Arabia said three new stadiums are currently under construction and eight more are planned, to accommodate 2034's first-ever 48-team games. Buildings constructed for international sporting events often end up becoming “white elephant” venues that sit idle once games are over. The Saudi Arabian Football Federation did not respond to request for comment.Saudi Arabia has proposed 134 accommodations for teams and referees, new hotels, several fan festival locations, transportation expansions, including high-speed rail and further investment in its futuristic city of Neom. Much of what the nation included in its bid book relates to its Vision 2030 strategic plan, which the government calls a plan to diversify its economy and unlock new business opportunities.The bid does include sustainability initiatives, said Karim Elgendy, a fellow at London’s Chatham House think tank. Among them are running stadiums on clean electricity such as solar, using energy-efficient natural ventilation and shading and mandating green building standards.But Elgendy said the sheer scale of Saudi Arabia's apparent plans for the event, plus the distances between host cities suggest this could become the most carbon-intensive World Cup in history. Elgendy said how they mitigate this undertaking will determine the environmental impact and without measures, the event could have a carbon footprint that is almost twice the record set in 2022.To critics who suggest FIFA ought to have chosen a different host country, like the United Kingdom which has dozens of stadiums, Walker Ross, a researcher of sport ecology and sustainability at the University of Edinburgh points out the Saudi bid was the only one in a fast-tracked process.The next World Cup, in 2026, will span 16 cities across North America. Ross said that could have a significant carbon footprint, too, as teams and fans travel across an entire continent. The same could be said for the 2030 World Cup to be played across six countries. If anyone is at fault, it's FIFA, he said, because it's their bid process.“People kind of throw their hands up in the air and act like there are certain countries that should and shouldn’t host when it comes to these events,” he said. “But if this sport is truly for the world, then we have to be open to everyone hosting.”Qatar went on a $200 billion construction spree, building seven stadiums, a new metro system, highways, high-rise buildings and a futuristic city ahead of the 2022 event there. Organizers and FIFA projected it would produce some 3.6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide over the decade spent preparing for the tournament, or about 3% of Qatar’s total emissions in 2019, according to World Bank data. Experts say the Qatar event had the highest carbon emissions to date.In contrast, organizers of this summer’s Paris Olympics said this week they met their goal of cutting the games’ carbon footprint by half compared to 2012 and 2016. They did this using renewable energy, recycled materials, plant-based food options that are less carbon-intensive than meat and even powering the famous Olympic cauldron with electricity and lights rather than burning gas.FIFA accepted Saudi Arabia’s sustainability and climate promises in an evaluation released in November, noting that “whilst the extent of construction would have a material environmental impact, the bid provides a good foundation for delivering mitigation measures to address some of the environment-related challenges.” FIFA directed The Associated Press to the evaluation Thursday when asked for additional comment.The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See - Sept. 2024

Humans may not have survived without Neanderthals

A new DNA analysis has shown that the arrival of modern humans from Africa was far from smooth.

Humans may not have survived without NeanderthalsPallab GhoshScience CorrespondentSPLScientists can tell how ancient human populations evovled by analysing their DNAFar from triumphantly breezing out of Africa, modern humans went extinct many times before going on to populate the world, new studies have revealed.The new DNA research has also shed new light on the role our Neanderthal cousins played in our success.While these early European humans were long seen as a species which we successfully dominated after leaving Africa, new studies show that only humans who interbred with Neanderthals went on to thrive, while other bloodlines died out.In fact, Neanderthal genes may have been crucial to our success by protecting us from new diseases we hadn't previously encountered.The research for the first time pinpoints a short period 48,000 years ago when Homo sapiens interbred with Neanderthals after leaving Africa, after which they went on to expand into the wider world.Homo sapiens had crossed over from the African continent before this, but the new research shows these populations before the interbreeding period did not survive.Prof Johannes Krause of the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, in Germany, told BBC News that the history of modern humans will now have to be rewritten."We see modern humans as a big story of success, coming out of Africa 60,000 years ago and expanding into all ecosystems to become the most successful mammal on the planet," he said. "But early on we were not, we went extinct multiple times."DAVID GIFFORD / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARYThe story of our species' smooth march through evolution will have to be rewritten, says scientistsFor a long time, deciphering how the only surviving species of humans evolved was based on looking at the shapes of fossilised remains of our ancestors living hundreds of thousands of years ago and observing how their anatomy subtly changed over time. The ancient remains have been sparse and often damaged. But the ability to extract and read the genetic code from bones that are many thousands of years old has lifted a veil on our mysterious past. The DNA in the fossils tell the story of the individuals, how they are related to each other and their migration patterns.Even after our successful interbreeding with Neanderthals, our population of Europe wasn't without hitches. Those first modern humans that had interbred with Neanderthals and lived alongside them died out completely in Europe 40,000 years ago - but not before their offspring had spread further out into the world.It was the ancestors of these early international pioneers who eventually returned to Europe to populate it.BBC NewsThe research also gives a new perspective on why Neanderthals died out so soon after modern humans arrived from Africa. No one knows why this happened, but the new evidence steers us away from theories that our species hunted them out of existence, or that we were somehow physically or intellectually superior.Instead, Prof Krause says that it supports the view that it was due to environmental factors."Both humans and Neanderthals go extinct in Europe at this time," he said. "If we as a successful species died out in the region then it is not a big surprise that Neanderthals, who had an even smaller population went extinct."SPLA Neanderthal skull. The species lived alongside us for thousands of years until they went extinct around 40,000 years agoThe climate was incredibly unstable at the time. It could switch from nearly as warm as it is today to being bitterly cold, sometimes within a person's lifetime, according to Prof Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London, who is independent of the new research."The study shows that near the end of their time on the planet, Neanderthals were very low in numbers, less genetically diverse than the modern human counterparts they lived alongside, and it may not have taken much to tip them over the edge to extinction," he said.A separate DNA study, published in the journal Science, shows that modern humans held on to some key genetic traits from Neanderthals that may have given them an evolutionary advantage.One relates to their immune system. When humans emerged from Africa, they were extremely susceptible to new diseases they had never encountered. Interbreeding with Neanderthals gave their offspring protection."Perhaps getting Neanderthal DNA was part of the success because it gave us better adaptive capabilities outside of Africa," said Prof Stringer. "We had evolved in Africa, whereas the Neanderthals had evolved outside of Africa.""By interbreeding with the Neanderthals we got a quick fix to our immune systems."Follow Pallab on Blue Sky and X

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