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Two Ways Canada Can Advance Green Growth And Accelerate Climate Change Efforts

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Tuesday, January 24, 2023

Leveraging digital solutions and attracting investment into climatetech solutions can help advance and implement net-zero goals.

Leveraging digital solutions and attracting investment into climatetech solutions can help advance and implement net-zero goals.

Leveraging digital solutions and attracting investment into climatetech solutions can help advance and implement net-zero goals.
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New major crosses disciplines to address climate change

Combining engineering, earth system science, and the social sciences, Course 1-12 prepares students to develop climate solutions.

Lauren Aguilar knew she wanted to study energy systems at MIT, but before Course 1-12 (Climate System Science and Engineering) became a new undergraduate major, she didn't see an obvious path to study the systems aspects of energy, policy, and climate associated with the energy transition. Aguilar was drawn to the new major that was jointly launched by the departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) and Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) in 2023. She could take engineering systems classes and gain knowledge in climate. “Having climate knowledge enriches my understanding of how to build reliable and resilient energy systems for climate change mitigation. Understanding upon what scale we can forecast and predict climate change is crucial to build the appropriate level of energy infrastructure,” says Aguilar. The interdisciplinary structure of the 1-12 major has students engaging with and learning from professors in different disciplines across the Institute. The blended major was designed to provide a foundational understanding of the Earth system and engineering principles — as well as an understanding of human and institutional behavior as it relates to the climate challenge. Students learn the fundamental sciences through subjects like an atmospheric chemistry class focused on the global carbon cycle or a physics class on low-carbon energy systems. The major also covers topics in data science and machine learning as they relate to forecasting climate risks and building resilience, in addition to policy, economics, and environmental justice studies. Junior Ananda Figueiredo was one of the first students to declare the 1-12 major. Her decision to change majors stemmed from a motivation to improve people’s lives, especially when it comes to equality. “I like to look at things from a systems perspective, and climate change is such a complicated issue connected to many different pieces of our society,” says Figueiredo. A multifaceted field of study The 1-12 major prepares students with the necessary foundational expertise across disciplines to confront climate change. Andrew Babbin, an academic advisor in the new degree program and the Cecil and Ida Green Career Development Associate Professor in EAPS, says the new major harnesses rigorous training encompassing science, engineering, and policy to design and execute a way forward for society. Within its first year, Course 1-12 has attracted students with a diverse set of interests, ranging from machine learning for sustainability to nature-based solutions for carbon management to developing the next renewable energy technology and integrating it into the power system. Academic advisor Michael Howland, the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, says the best part of this degree is the students, and the enthusiasm and optimism they bring to the climate challenge. “We have students seeking to impact policy and students double-majoring in computer science. For this generation, climate change is a challenge for today, not for the future. Their actions inside and outside the classroom speak to the urgency of the challenge and the promise that we can solve it,” Howland says. The degree program also leaves plenty of space for students to develop and follow their interests. Sophomore Katherine Kempff began this spring semester as a 1-12 major interested in sustainability and renewable energy. Kempff was worried she wouldn’t be able to finish 1-12 once she made the switch to a different set of classes, but Howland assured her there would be no problems, based on the structure of 1-12. “I really like how flexible 1-12 is. There's a lot of classes that satisfy the requirements, and you are not pigeonholed. I feel like I'm going to be able to do what I'm interested in, rather than just following a set path of a major,” says Kempff. Kempff is leveraging her skills she developed this semester and exploring different career interests. She is interviewing for sustainability and energy-sector internships in Boston and MIT this summer, and is particularly interested in assisting MIT in meeting its new sustainability goals. Engineering a sustainable future The new major dovetail’s MIT’s commitment to address climate change with its steps in prioritizing and enhancing climate education. As the Institute continues making strides to accelerate solutions, students can play a leading role in changing the future.    “Climate awareness is critical to all MIT students, most of whom will face the consequences of the projection models for the end of the century,” says Babbin. “One-12 will be a focal point of the climate education mission to train the brightest and most creative students to engineer a better world and understand the complex science necessary to design and verify any solutions they invent." Justin Cole, who transferred to MIT in January from the University of Colorado, served in the U.S. Air Force for nine years. Over the course of his service, he had a front row seat to the changing climate. From helping with the wildfire cleanup in Black Forest, Colorado — after the state's most destructive fire at the time — to witnessing two category 5 typhoons in Japan in 2018, Cole's experiences of these natural disasters impressed upon him that climate security was a prerequisite to international security.  Cole was recently accepted into the MIT Energy and Climate Club Launchpad initiative where he will work to solve real-world climate and energy problems with professionals in industry. “All of the dots are connecting so far in my classes, and all the hopes that I have for studying the climate crisis and the solutions to it at MIT are coming true,” says Cole. With a career path that is increasingly growing, there is a rising demand for scientists and engineers who have both deep knowledge of environmental and climate systems and expertise in methods for climate change mitigation. “Climate science must be coupled with climate solutions. As we experience worsening climate change, the environmental system will increasingly behave in new ways that we haven’t seen in the past,” says Howland. “Solutions to climate change must go beyond good engineering of small-scale components. We need to ensure that our system-scale solutions are maximally effective in reducing climate change, but are also resilient to climate change. And there is no time to waste,” he says.

See 25 Astonishing Images From the World Press Photo Contest

The winning photographs capture moving moments in the midst of tumultuous global events

The winners of this year’s World Press Photo Contest covered a range of vital issues, including the Israel-Hamas war, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, climate change, health care, poverty, drought and conservation. The photographers’ images convey the weight of these issues by capturing compelling individual stories, from a family in Madagascar struggling to navigate a dementia diagnosis to migrants who fell in love en route to a new life in America. “Each year, jurors from all over the globe review tens of thousands of photos to find a selection that is visually stunning, tells stories that matter and represents our shared world,” says Joumana El Zein Khoury, executive director of World Press Photo, in a statement. “This year’s selection includes stories of desperation, hunger, war and loss—but also of perseverance, courage, love, family, dreams and more butterflies than anyone has a right to expect.” Founded in 1955, World Press Photo is a nonprofit that has been recognizing talented photojournalists and documentary photographers for nearly 70 years. This year’s contest was open only to professional photographers working in journalism or documentary photography. Submissions were divided into six regions worldwide, each with four categories: Singles, Stories, Long-Term Projects and Open Format. The winning photos were chosen from 61,062 entries by 3,851 photographers in 130 countries. On April 3, World Press Photo announced 24 regional winners. From that pool, judges selected four global winners, which were revealed today. Below, see this year’s global winners and a selection of work by the regional winners. World Press Photo Story of the Year Dada Paul and his granddaughter Odliatemix get ready for church. © Lee-Ann Olwage, for GEO Fara Rafaraniriana walks to church on Sunday morning with her daughter, Odliatemix, and her father, Dada Paul. © Lee-Ann Olwage, for GEO Fara looks on as Dada Paul cleans a fish, as he does every Sunday afternoon. © Lee-Ann Olwage, for GEO Fara and her daughter Odliatemix lie together on the bed they share with Dada Paul. Fara is the sole provider for the family of three. © Lee-Ann Olwage, for GEO By the time he was photographed, Paul Rakotozandriny had been showing signs of dementia for more than a decade—but for most of those years, nobody knew what was happening to him. It was his daughter Fara who realized Rakotozandriny (known as “Dada Paul”) might be suffering from a diagnosable medical condition, though she was unfamiliar with words like “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s.” All she knew was that her father was a retired chauffeur who could no longer make his way home. The family was eventually routed to Masoandro Mody, the only group that supports dementia patients and their families in Madagascar, where the condition is not widely understood. Meanwhile, “as life expectancy rises, dementia is becoming an issue globally,” writes World Press Photo. Photographer Lee-Ann Olwage’s award-winning photo story is called Valim-babena, a Malagasy term that refers to children’s duty to care for their parents. Her images show Rakotozandriny and his family as they navigate their new reality—getting ready to go out, resting at home, walking to church. “This story tackles a universal health issue through the lens of family and care,” write the contest judges. “The selection of images are composed with warmth and tenderness, reminding viewers of the love and closeness necessary in a time of war and aggression worldwide. The story of Valim-babena brings to light a crucial sociological perspective that challenges the cross-cultural isolation of the elderly, instead portraying them with dignity and care.” World Press Photo of the Year Inas Abu Maamar, 36, cradles the body of her niece Saly, 5, who was killed, along with four other family members, when an Israeli missile struck their home. © Mohammed Salem, Palestine, Reuters In the early weeks of the Israel-Hamas war, Inas Abu Maamar learned that a missile had hit a family member’s home in Khan Younis, a city in southern Gaza. She found the body of her 5-year-old niece, Saly, at the morgue. Photographer Mohammed Salem’s A Palestinian Woman Embraces the Body of Her Niece captures this moment, though both of the subjects’ faces are hidden from view. The young girl’s mother and sister were also killed in the attack, though her 4-year-old brother, Ahmed, survived. He is now living with Inas. “It was a powerful and a sad moment, and I felt the picture sums up the broader sense of what was happening in the Gaza Strip,” Salem tells Reuters. “People were confused, running from one place to another, anxious to know the fate of their loved ones, and this woman caught my eye as she was holding the body of the little girl and refused to let go.” World Press Photo Long-Term Project Award A migrant walks atop a freight train known as “The Beast.” © Alejandro Cegarra, Venezuela, The New York Times / Bloomberg Ever Sosa (center) carries his daughter on his shoulders as they cross the Suchiate River from Guatemala to Mexico, joining a caravan of 3,000 migrants and asylum seekers attempting to get to the United States. © Alejandro Cegarra, Venezuela, The New York Times / Bloomberg Ruben Soto (right), a migrant from Venezuela, sits with Rosa Bello, a Honduran migrant, on top of a freight train known as “The Beast.” Ruben and Rosa met in Mexico and fell in love on their way to the United States. © Alejandro Cegarra, Venezuela, The New York Times / Bloomberg Photographer Alejandro Cegarra migrated from Venezuela to Mexico in 2017. About a year later, he started photographing migrant communities for a project called The Two Walls. For asylum seekers who can’t afford to pay smugglers, cargo trains are another way to cross the United States border, though traveling in this manner is extremely dangerous. Some of Cegarra’s photos capture this journey, showing groups of migrants atop a freight train nicknamed “The Beast.” One of these images captures Rosa Bello, a migrant from Honduras, and Ruben Soto, a migrant from Venezuela. The couple fell in love on the way to their new life in the U.S. “This project is an example of dynamic, world-class storytelling,” write the contest judges. “The images are at once unsparing and respectful, and convey the intimate emotions present in diverse migrant journeys. The concern of migration resonates across the region, and the jury felt that this photographer’s own positionality as a migrant afforded a sensitive, human-centered perspective that centers the agency and resilience of migrants.” World Press Photo Open Format Award A recruit during training © Julia Kochetova, Ukraine A teenager with a Ukrainian flag © Julia Kochetova, Ukraine A sunflower lies in a field. © Julia Kochetova, Ukraine “I wish these photos never exist[ed],” writes photographer Julia Kochetova. “But war will start again and again, and we all are searching for the antidote. Why to remember something [do] we always need a scar?” These words are featured at the top of Kochetova’s website, part of a project called War Is Personal. The site combines photos, text messages, audio clips, music, poetry, children’s drawings and more to examine the war in Ukraine, which began in early 2022. Now that the public has grown accustomed to seeing dispatches from the war, Kochetova’s diary-like format aims to personalize the conflict’s toll. This project is the winner of World Press Photo’s Open Format category, which encourages “innovative techniques, non-traditional modes of presentation and new approaches to storytelling.” Regional Winner: Africa, Long-Term Projects A new generation of electronic music groups form dynamic collectives, organizing raves and providing Tunisian youth with a platform for free expression. © Zied Ben Romdhane, Magnum Photos, Arab Fund for Arts and Culture, AIM LAB A young man bounces off a fence-post in a soccer field in Gafsa, a region crucial to the Tunisian economy for its phosphate mines and marked by high youth unemployment.  © Zied Ben Romdhane, Magnum Photos, Arab Fund for Arts and Culture, AIM LAB A young man dives into the sea at Bizerte, Tunisia. © Zied Ben Romdhane, Magnum Photos, Arab Fund for Arts and Culture, AIM LAB In 2011, protesters ousted the longtime government of Tunisia—and the uprising ultimately sparked the Arab Spring. But the years that followed were marked by “political instability, persistent economic crises and social inequality,” per World Press Photo. The Escape, a series by photographer Zied Ben Romdhane, focuses on the challenges faced by the country’s young people. The project was an attempt to capture the “general malaise” he’s noticed among this group. “I feel that these young people are trying to escape from the harsh and challenging reality, which is why the photos convey a dreamlike or parallel Tunisia,” Ben Romdhane tells Magnum Photos. “Those who are unable to physically leave the country do so mentally or spiritually. However, there’s also a pervasive sense of uncertainty in this world, [where] illusions and mirages abound. The vacant gazes suggest that these young people are almost hypnotized, or numb to their trauma and pains, lacking reactions.” Regional Winner: Asia, Open Format Masaharu Taniguchi and his wife view the cherry blossoms in full bloom. © Kazuhiko Matsumura, for The Kyoto Shimbun An ambiguous sun low in the sky near Atsushi Shimosaka’s home in Kyoto, Japan © Kazuhiko Matsumura, for The Kyoto Shimbun Masaharu sits in his living room surrounded by photos of his wife Kimiko and caretakers. © Kazuhiko Matsumura, for The Kyoto Shimbun Japan has one of the world’s highest dementia rates among its elderly population, according to World Press Photo. By 2025, experts predict that some seven million Japanese citizens will be experiencing symptoms of the condition. Much like Valim-babena, Japanese photographer Kazuhiko Matsumura’s Heartstrings examines dementia’s heavy toll. The project is divided into several distinct sections, each focused on one family. It aims to portray both individual experiences and larger cultural themes. One particularly moving image shows Masaharu Taniguchi and his wife, who was living with dementia, as they look out on cherry blossoms in full bloom. “After that day, my wife changed,” says Taniguchi, per a statement. “She showed her smile more often and talked more. We were even able to take walks around the botanical gardens and parks, and I felt the joy of living with my wife.” Regional Winner: Europe, Stories A volunteer rescues cats in the flooded harbor district. © Johanna Maria Fritz, Ostkreuz, for Die Zeit An overview of a flooded area of Kherson, taken from a tower block © Johanna Maria Fritz, Ostkreuz, for Die Zeit Volunteers Viktor and Oleksandr help evacuate Maria and her daughter Svitlana from their home. © Johanna Maria Fritz, Ostkreuz, for Die Zeit In the summer of 2023, the Kakhovka Dam in southeastern Ukraine collapsed, with many experts ultimately concluding that Russian forces had blown it up from the inside. The disaster caused devastating flooding, killing hundreds and damaging thousands of homes. In Kakhovka Dam: Flood in a War Zone, German photographer Johanna-Maria Fritz focuses on the human toll of the dam failure. Her images depict scenes of flooded neighborhoods. Volunteers can be seen navigating the debris in small boats as they conduct recovery efforts. “The jury was impressed by how these images highlight the environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine,” write the contest officials. “The project urges viewers to consider the weaponization of the landscape and man-made natural disasters.” Regional Winner: North and Central America, Open Format A Gay Space Agency astronaut during flight simulations © Mackenzie Calle A staged recreation of the original Mercury Seven crew from 1960 © Mackenzie Calle The cover of a 1950 U.S. Senate report overlaid on an image of mud pots at the Salton Sea, California © Mackenzie Calle Sally Ride is famously the first American woman to go to space. She is also the first known LGBTQ astronaut, though she was never open about her sexuality during her lifetime. While several astronauts came out later in life, “NASA has never selected or flown an openly LGBTQ astronaut,” writes photographer Mackenzie Calle on her website. Her project, The Gay Space Agency, imagines an alternative history in which a group of queer aspiring astronauts built their careers through a fictional astronaut program. “The jury thoroughly enjoyed this creative and witty project, discovering new details and references each time they revisited the images,” write the contest officials. “The photographer skillfully tackles an underrepresented story, using sci-fi elements to highlight the irony of homophobia within the realm of space exploration. Regional Winner: Southeast Asia and Oceania, Singles Lotomau Fiafia, 72, a community elder, stands with his grandson John at the point where he remembers the shoreline used to be when he was a boy. © Eddie Jim, The Age / Sydney Morning Herald Lotomau Fiafia was born on Kioa Island in Fiji in 1952. More than 70 years later, he was still there. The community elder could see the beach from his house, but something was different. “More sand erodes each year,” he told the Sydney Morning Herald last year. “Rain does not come in its right time.” In Fighting, Not Sinking, photographer Eddie Jim shows Fiafia standing in the ocean with his grandson John. The water comes up to Fiafia’s chest; John, who is about a head shorter than his grandfather, is submerged up to his chin. This is where Fiafia, who died a few months after the photo was taken, said the shoreline used to be. “I have been asked by the elder Lotomau Fiafia to tell their stories to the outside world on how global warming [is] affecting them and their community,” Jim wrote on Instagram. “I feel like I have finished a mission now, but unfortunately Lotomau is no longer with us. … I hope I am doing [his] community proud.” Regional Winner: South America, Singles A fisherman walks across the dry bed of a branch of the Amazon River. © Lalo de Almeida, for Folha de São Paulo In 2023, parts of the Amazon experienced an extreme drought—the worst in over a century—caused by the El Niño weather pattern and warming in the North Atlantic Ocean. Communities affected by the drought lost access to drinking water, transportation and other necessities of daily life. In photographer Lalo de Almeida’s Drought in the Amazon, a lone fisherman is seen walking across the dry bed of the Amazon River in the Tefé region of Brazil, where more than 150 villages had lost access to vital waterways, according to World Press Photo. A barren landscape sprawls out behind him. “This image encapsulates the undeniable reality of the environmental crisis and drought in the Amazon,” writes the jury. “Organic and captured at the perfect moment, its composition powerfully conveys the gravity of the situation. Standing alone, it serves as a powerful representation of the challenges facing the Amazon and their global effects.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.

McDonald’s ice cream machines are so unreliable they’re a meme. They might also be a climate solution

Californians generate 1.5 tons of e-waste every minute. So-called "right to repair" policies can extend the lifespan of consumer products, ultimately helping lower emissions. In an election year, candidates should be giving the issue more attention.

Earth Day Op-Ed Contest Winner: Third Place More than 70 high school students across California submitted opinion pieces to CalMatters’ second annual Earth Day contest. The 2024 contest theme was “What solution should Californians running for office support to help address climate change?” Guest Commentary written by Reid Heavner Reid Heavner is a freshman at Santa Rosa High School. He is a staff writer for The Santa Rosan, the school’s student-run newspaper, and aspires to be an editor or podcast manager. McDonald’s might just be a new frontier in our fight against the climate crisis.  Yes, that McDonald’s. Specifically, their infamous ice cream machines.  Over the last few years, these machines have become a public laughingstock due to their tendency to break down and the inability of individual restaurants to fix them. The constant mishaps and slow repairs have annoyed customers and spawned thousands of memes.  They’ve also built support for the next iteration of the right to repair movement. “Right to repair” refers to the ability of consumers to independently repair products without going back to the manufacturer. This doesn’t just apply to ice cream machines: advocates have been pushing for repair rights for everything from dishwashers to cars to phones.  In this election year, the right to repair deserves attention from voters and candidates alike.  Unfortunately, the goal of repair rights runs counter to the interests of large corporations. When a company sells so much of its product that their market becomes saturated, their sales decline. Recently, corporations have been trying to maintain profits by making their products impossible to repair without product-unique tools, instructional resources or special software.  Another common strategy is “parts pairing,” in which a company remotely disables features of their product after detecting a repair by anyone other than themselves. This forces consumers into one of two options: paying the company to perform costly repairs or paying the company for a replacement product. When asked about these issues, Nathan Proctor, Public Interest Research Group’s senior director of the right to repair campaign, said companies “are making these things, assuming that as soon as it has a maintenance issue, it’s being thrown away. That has to stop.”  That’s because companies’ single-use mentality has massive environmental repercussions. Californians generate 1.5 tons of e-waste every minute, according to PIRG. Globally, e-waste emissions are growing steadily, reaching over 600 million tons of climate pollution in 2020.  The problem is fixable. If Americans waited just one extra year before buying a replacement, Proctor said it would be similar to taking over 630,000 cars off of the roads and would save roughly $382 per household, or $50 billion nationally. Luckily, the California Legislature last year passed the nation’s strongest bill protecting repair rights. California now requires manufacturers to provide parts, guides and software to fix all electronics and appliances for up to seven years after a purchase.  However, gaps remain. The law only applies to a narrow set of consumer products, and even creates some big exceptions within those categories such as video game consoles. Plus, while seven years may sound like a long time, it’s insignificant compared to the longevity you might expect from an appliance.  Ultimately, the bill doesn’t address the fundamental problem at hand. Corporations still are able to practice parts pairing, or can just design their product to make repairs more difficult.  California’s new regulations are a step in the right direction, but the state’s leaders must close these gaps and loopholes. Our federal representatives need to support a national right to repair, and the election year is a perfect opportunity for candidates to endorse this principle.  At the end of the day, we just want quality products that work. We don’t want to pay absurd amounts of money just to have functional items, and we don’t want to spend hours fighting with intentionally poor product designs.  With improved legislation, we can create a world where our products work for us. Whether that’s as simple as being able to get ice cream at McDonald’s or as complicated as fixing an old computer, repair rights create a world we could all benefit from.

Earth Day contest highlights: California youth spotlight election-year priorities on climate

In an important election year, more than 70 high school students across California called on candidates seeking office to back a variety of climate solutions as part of CalMatters’ Earth Day op-ed contest. These are few excerpts from finalists.

In summary In an important election year, more than 70 high school students across California called on candidates seeking office to back a variety of climate solutions as part of CalMatters’ Earth Day op-ed contest. These are few excerpts from finalists. Of all age groups, teens are the most worried and most engaged in addressing climate change. But it’s not always clear which solutions California youth and first-time voters would like to see championed, especially during an important election year. For its second annual Earth Day contest, CalMatters received more than 70 commentary entries from high school students across the state to sort that out. The 2024 contest theme asked students about which climate solutions deserve support from candidates running for office. In response, students submitted entries rich in research, tracking oil industry contributions, evaluating carbon trading prices and forest restoration, proposing binational projects and more. Some entries called for boosting and tidying public transit systems to appeal to more Californians. Far from apathetic bystanders, their detailed works reflect a generation keen on policy and committed to pushing the envelope. The top three winning entries will be published separately starting today, leading up to Earth Day on Monday. To help showcase more student voices from across California, below are excerpts from other top entries.Excerpts have been edited for style, brevity and clarity. To make California a true leader in renewable energy and protect the livelihoods of local communities, candidates must agree to divest from Big Oil.  In recent years, oil and gas contributions to state Assembly and Senate officeholders have exceeded millions of dollars, and came from entities such as Chevron, ExxonMobil and the Western States Petroleum Association, according to a CalMatters analysis. The influence of Big Oil is clear, delaying or killing legislation that would have quickened California’s transition to renewable energy. Emily D., Orange County California’s leaders should take inspiration from places like Bhutan, the world’s first carbon negative country.California suffers devastating tree mortality rates, which means less carbon is naturally sequestered and keeps the state further from its goal of carbon neutrality by 2045. Bhutan’s constitution requires the 14,824-square mile country to maintain forest cover at no less than 60%. Bhutan emits roughly 2 million tons of carbon every year, and sequesters more than 7 million tons in its rich and protected forests. Colette D., San Luis Obispo County Since California’s cap and trade program started, the state’s oil and gas industry has actually increased carbon emissions by 3.5%, a 2019 ProPublica analysis showed.Moving carbon emissions around as if it’s a math equation doesn’t reduce carbon emissions – it just exacerbates the problem.  In order to provide an effective cap and trade program, Californians running for office must support a decrease in the amount of offsets provided to companies and an increase of carbon prices per metric ton.Kailyn H., San Mateo County A view of Half Dome and the Yosemite Valley from the Upper Yosemite Falls Trail on July 7, 2023. Photo by Miguel Gutierrez Jr., CalMatters The Salton Sea’s water levels dropped 11 feet from 2005 to 2022, consequently releasing toxic dust and worsening asthma rates in nearby communities.Its unprecedented shrinkage, however, might be exacerbated by looming reductions from the Colorado River, along with the expected diversion of agricultural water needed for operating new lithium plants in a region that has enough lithium for 375 million electric car batteries.But there is a definitive solution crucial to ending public health risks while advancing the development of the so-called Lithium Valley: constructing a 120-mile binational canal from the Sea of Cortez to the Salton Sea. A water and economics consulting firm estimated that previous water levels can be restored within 15 years of construction, costing around $773 million.Lawmakers can help provide tax credits and project funding, assist with permits and facilitate collaboration with the Mexican and federal governments to solve this environmental and public health problem.  Brody S., Ventura County Farming is such a large part of California, making up 43 million out of the close to 100 million acres of all land. One method of soil carbon sequestration, cover cropping, could trap carbon in the soil, making the soil richer and healthier for crops farmers actually intend to sell.  Not only could the widespread use of this put a significant dent in the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, but it also helps California’s essential farming sector thrive. Luisa G, San Mateo County With littering, every time you decide not to make the daring trek to a garbage can, there is a possibility that some of that trash ends up in our oceans.  Bills that help stop the mass production of plastic can help cut the issue off at the source, but it’s also important to stop littering when you see it. Casual littering is something that can be easily avoided and can make a large difference in the fight for our planet. Laurel M., Sonoma County Taking public transportation instead of driving alone reduces carbon emissions by 45%, reducing pollutants and improving air quality. But public transit can simply be too unreliable to take people to their destination, as cleanliness and safety have also become prevalent issues, polls have found. State leaders can support voter initiatives to lower the thresholds for approving transit taxes and bonds, allowing more funding for transit reforms, while still requiring a fair, majority approval. Politicians should use funding and cooperate with transit agencies to make their services more comfortable and reliable, making them a more appealing option even to car owners. Winston C., Santa Clara County

Want To Lower Your Dementia Risk? Get These 3 Factors Under Control.

Experts explain the main habits you need to be mindful of if you want to keep your brain as sharp as possible.

Dementia is extremely common. According to a 2022 study, a startling 10% of adults in the United States over the age of 65 have dementia, and another 22% have mild cognitive impairment. And dementia risk only increases as we get older: Thirty-five percent of people over the age of 90 are living with dementia.The condition isn’t entirely preventable — age, genetics, and environmental influences can all play a role. But some lifestyle-related risk factors are within your control. Below, neurologists share the three most important risk factors to address if you want to prevent dementia, and the best steps you can start taking today.Risk factor #1: Not enough exerciseWe all know that the benefits of getting the recommended 150 minutes of exercise per week extend far beyond maintaining or losing weight. And one of those benefits is lowering your dementia risk.”Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are associated with up to 50% of dementia cases,” Dr. Alvaro Pascual-Leone, a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School, told HuffPost. “It follows that improving risk factors, such as [sedentary] lifestyles that contribute to developing those conditions, could significantly decrease dementia rates.”In addition to helping to control obesity, hypertension and diabetes, Pascual-Leone said, physical exercise might also help promote the formation of new brain cells. “This improves the efficacy of the mechanisms of brain plasticity, which are critical for the acquisition of new skills and the formation of memories,” he said.Don’t know where to begin with exercise? Pascual-Leone said that if you haven’t exercised in a while, you should talk to your doctor or physical therapist to help you get a safe start. “Aerobic, strength training and mind-body exercises can help sharpen your mind,” he said. “Aim for a combination of aerobic exercise such as walking or cycling, strength training with weights or resistance bands, and mind-body exercises such as yoga or tai chi, which can calm your mind. Work up to at least 30 minutes of exercise per day, five days per week.”andreswd via Getty ImagesSocial interaction and exercise are both crucial for curbing dementia risk.Risk factor #2: Not enough social interactionLoneliness is highly correlated with depression, alcohol misuse and sleep problems. As it turns out, it’s also a risk factor for dementia. “Having limited social engagement and interaction is linked to higher dementia risk,” Dr. Smita Patel, a physician and neuroscientist, told HuffPost. Beyond protecting your brain, Patel noted that increased social interaction can help you live longer, too. “Your overall survival rate increases by 50% if you have strong social relationships. More than 80% of centenarians communicate with a friend or family member daily.”“Interactions with families, friends, and neighbors make us who we are,” Pascual-Leone said. “These moments not only make us feel good, but they also improve our brain function and overall health. Studies show that feeling lonely can be as harmful for your health as better-known risk factors such as daily smoking, or serious health conditions like diabetes.”If you’re worried you don’t get enough social interaction, Pascual-Leone said there are some steps you can take ASAP.“Start by identifying five close friends, and connect with each person at least once a week,” he said. “This can mean calling them on the phone or meeting for tea or coffee. Next, ask yourself if you feel lonely. If the answer is yes, talk with your family and closest friends about what you can do together. You can also think about joining a club, class, or group in your area made up of people who share your interests.”Risk factor #3: Not enough sleep“Inadequate sleep, particularly sleeping less than five to six hours per night, is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia later in life,” Patel said. And unfortunately, insomnia only becomes more common as we age.If you’re struggling to get more than five hours of sleep per night, Pascual-Leone suggested a few steps to take. “You can do this by limiting alcohol, avoiding large meals and drinks two hours before bedtime, keeping your room nice and cool (between 60 and 68 degrees Fahrenheit), avoiding exposure to phones, laptops and TVs two hours before bed, and using a white noise app or machine,” he said.These aren’t the only lifestyle-related risk factors for dementia, but getting them under control can make a significant difference in lowering your risk. “There is currently is no cure for dementia,” Pascual-Leone said. “But there are several lifestyle and activity behaviors everyone can put into action to manage their overall brain health.”In other words, when it comes to dementia, prevention is the best medicine. If you get started today, your future self will definitely thank you.Support HuffPostOur 2024 Coverage Needs YouYour Loyalty Means The World To UsAt HuffPost, we believe that everyone needs high-quality journalism, but we understand that not everyone can afford to pay for expensive news subscriptions. That is why we are committed to providing deeply reported, carefully fact-checked news that is freely accessible to everyone.Whether you come to HuffPost for updates on the 2024 presidential race, hard-hitting investigations into critical issues facing our country today, or trending stories that make you laugh, we appreciate you. The truth is, news costs money to produce, and we are proud that we have never put our stories behind an expensive paywall.Would you join us to help keep our stories free for all? Your contribution of as little as $2 will go a long way.Can't afford to donate? 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