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The list of Most Innovative Companies in space for 2025 reflect global efforts over the last year diversify and secure launch and orbital services, which are increasingly seen as critical components of national security. SpaceX, the number-one U.S. launch company and satellite operator, demonstrated dazzling technical achievement with the successful launch of its Starship and the “chopstick catch” landing of its Super Heavy booster stage. But New Zealand- and U.S.-based Rocket Lab is playing an agile game of catchup, sending 12 of its Electron rockets into space last year—making it the number three launch provider globally—and inking major contracts with commercial and government customers. In Europe, French company Arianespace, a subsidiary of Ariane Group, successfully test-launched its new Ariane 6 heavy-lift rocket, operated on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA), marking a significant step toward independent European access to space. And Iceye, headquartered in Helsinki and Irvine, California, expanded its constellation of Earth-monitoring synthetic aperture radar (SAR) microsatellites, providing night and day high-res coverage of critical locations for customers including reinsurance giant Swiss Re, NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense, and Ukraine. Other advances across the space ecosystem include the successful deployment of a next-generation satellite “bus” by Apex, and the successful launch of cutting-edge weather-monitoring satellites by Muon Space. Questek engineered novel “superalloys” critical to For SpaceX’s Super Heavy boosters, while Stardog’s “hallucination-free” AI helped to advance key programs for NASA. Skylo introduced seamless, accessible satellite connectivity for some of the world’s biggest cellular providers, including Verizon, Qualcomm, and Google, ensuring the ability  to send an emergency text from anywhere. And in the “big audacious goals” category, in February 2024, Houston-based Intuitive Machines, became the first private company to land an unmanned craft on the Moon’s surface.1: Rocket LabFor keeping the space race competitiveYou might not know it from the constant flow of SpaceX headlines, but there is another key company when it comes to space launches. In 2024, Rocket Lab sent 12 missions into space, breaking the company’s record of 10 launches set in 2023, and making the company the no. 2 U.S. launch provider.Rocket Labs’ agility and precision made them the chosen partner to launch NASA’s PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) mission, designed to study heat lost to space from the Earth’s polar regions, which will improve climate models to better predict ice, sea level, and weather changes. This mission involved launching four small cube satellites into criss-crossing polar orbits, on two separate launches within just 11 days of each other. For Astroscale Japan, Rocket Lab launched an experimental debris-observation satellite last February to intersect the orbit of a spent rocket section. To make the rendezvous, Rocket Lab had just 20 days to prepare the launch parameters—and one day’s notice of the exact takeoff time, which had to be precise within 30 seconds.  The company also has a growing business building satellites and small spacecraft, with four already built and launched, and some 40 more under constructions, including two for NASA’s ESCAPADE mission to Mars, to study the planet’s magnetosphere. In December, Rocket Lab inked a $515 million contract with the U.S. Space Development Agency to build 18-satellites for a planned constellation of 90 that will provide voice- and data-transmission service for military personnel in the field. The company’s next chapter hinges on its second rocket, the medium-lift, semi-reusable Neutron, which it plans to test launch later this year. With a larger capacity than Electron, the Neutron would compete directly with SpaceX’s Falcon and help Rocket Lab to serve a broader range of customers and ultimately to launch its own satellite constellations.Read more about Rocket Lab, honored as No. 9 on Fast Company’s list of the World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025.2: IceyeFor making high-resolution, high-impact imagery accessible as quickly as possible.With the launch of 9 satellites in 2024, Finnish space startup Iceye now has the world’s largest commercial constellation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, which can see through cloud, darkness, and even tree cover and deliver remarkably crisp and detailed mages of virtually any spot on Earth, several times a day.With a relentless focus on miniaturization—which brings down costs—and precision, the company, which closed a $93 million financing round in April and secured another $65 million in December, has scaled the production of its small satellites, which offer cutting-edge high-resolution imagery that is relied upon by partners including the U.S. Department of Defense, FEMA, NASA, and the nation of Ukraine.While Iceye has built several satellites for commercial and state customers, the greater part of its business is selling data as a service from its own constellation of roughly 20 satellites. This provides a remarkable level of Earth coverage—Iceye can image anywhere in the world as often as every two hours, providing near-real time pictures of things like illegal logging and natural disasters. (Some insurance companies are now using data from Iceye to issue automated payments to customers in areas confirmed to be impacted by flooding, for example.)But defense is what’s driving business for the moment. Iceye has played a key role in the “space defense” of Ukraine in its war against Russia. In November, it signed a contract with German defense company Rheinmetall to provide Ukraine with additional high-resolution satellite imagery under German funding. Rheinmetall will also integrate Iceye’s capabilities into its next-generation battlefield systems. With vertically integrated manufacturing in Finland, a U.S. facility in Irvine, and a European-North American supply chain with no rare materials, Iceye aims to launch more than 20 satellites in 2025 and subsequent years.Read more about Iceye, honored as No. 20 on Fast Company’s list of the World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025.3: SpaceXFor catching a rocket with a pair of chopsticksIn a spectacular feat of engineering, this year SpaceX successfully demonstrated the ability to launch—and then catch—a rocket. On October 13, the company’s reusable Starship megarocket launched on its fifth test flight. About seven minutes after liftoff, the vehicle’s first-stage booster, which is about 233 feet tall and weight about 440,000 pounds when it came back to Earth, was caught in midair by two mechanical “chopstick” arms, while the upper stage of splashed down in the Indian Ocean as planned.Along with that major accomplishment, SpaceX has kept up the pace of launches and innovative new rockets that push the boundaries of the space industry. After moving its headquarters from California to Texas, SpaceX has successfully launched 128 rockets in 2024, including 123 launches of Falcon 9s, two Falcon Heavys, and three of its new Starships (after the first three, launched in 2023, blew up).That far outpaces the launch cadence any domestic or international competitor. In September 2024, SpaceX operated the Polaris Dawn mission on behalf of Shift4, whose all-private crew of astronauts flew a SpaceX CrewDragon spacecraft in an elliptic orbit that took them 870 miles away from Earth (the farthest anyone has been since NASA’s Apollo program) to conducted a space walk.4: Intuitive MachinesFor making the moon its missionIn February 2024, the Odysseus lander— a hexagonal cylinder shape that’s roughly the size of an old British telephone booth—touched down on the surface of the moon. When it did, it became the first privately built and operated spacecraft to achieve a lunar landing. But that remarkable achievement was just the first step for the company behind it, Houston-based Intuitive Machines, which now aims to become a moon-landing powerhouse, providing everything from landers to communications and navigation services to buggies.The Odysseus hitched a ride toward the moon on a SpaceX Falcon 9 in February 2024. Once in space, it set off toward the moon on its own and landed on the Moon’s south pole region, marking the United States’ first return since Apollo 17. And although Odysseus ended up on its side after touching down on the Moon’s surface in February, the mission was deemed a success by the company and, perhaps more importantly, by NASA. Odysseus had carried six payloads from the space agency, and it has received data from five of its active payloads. (A sixth payload, a laser retroreflector, will be tested in the coming months.) A second lunar lander, which landed in March, 2025, also ended up on its side before it could gather any data.But these missions are just the start of what could be a long run of supporting lunar exploration: In August, NASA awarded Intuitive a $116.9 million contract to deliver six more science and technology payloads, including one from the European Space Agency, to the Moon’s south pole. This mission will deploy a range of equipment for prospecting on the Moon, including a drill, a hopper, and a rover. In September, the company—which reported nearly $60 million revenue last quarter—was the sole awardee of a contract with NASA valued at up to $4.82 billion over the next decade, to deploy a constellation of lunar data relay satellites around the Moon. The company is also one of top competitors bidding on a Moon moon terrain vehicle—a prototype of its fully electric crab-walking motorized vehicle is currently being evaluated at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.5: ArianespaceFor expanding European space launch capacity with a more cost-efficient heavy rocketin July 2024, French aerospace company Arianespace, a subsidiary of Ariane Group, successfully launched the new Ariane 6 heavy-lift rocket,  operated on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA). The launch marked a significant step towards securing Europe’s independent access to space—a pressing concern since the war in Ukraine cut off access to Russia’s Soyuz rockets—allowing nations on the continent to launch their satellites and payloads without relying solely on offshore commercial providers, namely SpaceX.Ariane Group served as lead contractor and design authority for the Ariane 6, coordinating more than 600 companies in 13 European countries that contributed. The Ariane 6 is intended to replace the Ariane 5, which had its final launch on July 5, 2023. The Ariane 5’s high production costs made it uncompetitive with commercial launch providers.The Ariane 6 is designed to cut launch costs in half compared to its predecessor. The demo mission was a partial success, accomplishing the launch and deployment of three of its five payloads into orbit. But a technical failure left the upper stage in orbit instead of returning to Earth. (The company says a software fix will prevent this problem in the future.)A second Ariane 6 launch is planned for late February 2025 [NEW]. It will be the rocket’s first commercial mission, carrying the CSO-3 reconnaissance satellite into orbit for the French military. In December 2024, Arianespace successfully launched a new version of its Vega rocket, intended for lighter loads than the Ariane 6, capable of transporting more than two tons and putting satellites into orbits at different altitudes. Four launches with Vega-C are planned for next year, followed by five more in 2026.6: QuesTek InnovationsFor making the materials that power space explorationThis Evanston, Illinois-based materials engineering firm, a specialist in high- performance metal alloys, has worked with NASA for two decades and last year played an essential role in constructing the latest launch vehicles produced by private space companies. QuesTek developed a top-secret superalloy for SpaceX that is more resilient and heat resistant than anything previously launched into space and is critical to the Raptor engines of the Starship’s Super Heavy booster.Last summer, QuesTek announced it had worked to develop two new superalloys for use in 3D printing of reusable rockets with space equipment manufacturer Stoke Space. The alloys will sharply reduce the amount of material used in rocket building, decreasing rocket weight and lowering the cost of launches while allowing for rapid design changes without the need for retooling7: Muon SpaceFor creating satellites that measure clouds and fight firesSilicon Valley-based end-to-end space systems provider Muon Space aims to design, build, and operate low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations designed for specific commercial and government projects.Less than a year after the June 2023 launch of its first satellite Muon Halo, this March the company successfully deployed a prototype weather satellite designed to capture cloud data for the the U.S. Air Force. The military is actively seeking so-called “cloud characterization data” and weather imagery to supplement data collected by its own sensor satellites to help its operations. Detailed cloud data is essential for more accurate weather prediction, as clouds control solar radiation, precipitation, and wind patterns, directly impacting temperature regulation and forecast accuracy.In addition raising a $56 million Series B round in August, Muon received a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant through the U.S. Space Force in December. The award will help accelerate Muon’s development of its commercial wildfire monitoring mission, FireSat, a constellation of small satellites designed to spot wildfires, in partnership with the nonprofit Earth Fire Alliance (whose backers include Google Research and the Environmental Defense Fund).By evolving the FireSat’s infrared detection abilities, Muon’s satellites will be able to monitor cloud cover as well as wildfires, serving both civil and defense uses. Muon Space plans a 2026 launch of its first three FireSat constellations, which will have the ability to observe every point on Earth twice a day.8: StardogFor giving NASA a voice assistant that speaks the truthStardog deploys “100%-hallucination-free” generative AI, powered by proprietary organization “knowledge graphs” for enterprises and government agencies including NASA and the US Department of Defense. In 2024, it rolled out its Voicebox AI data assistant for defense and intelligence customers. The system uses a “semantic parsing layer” on top of its generative AI to filter out AI “lies,” showing end-users results that are only tied directly back to an organization’s own data.The Stardog co-founders began their relationship with NASA when they custom-built data analytics applications for the agency in 2006. They were instrumental in development of “Concourse”, an application that facilitates avionics software assessments in support of the Artemis Orion Spacecraft certification, in 2021.Now, to support NASA’s Gateway program, which is building a lunar-orbit space station, Stardog integrated the “knowledge graph” it had created for NASA—which connects all data sources within the organization—with data from NASA’s Cross-Program Hazard System, to improve safety and give NASA a better decision-making process around risk, enabling the agency to respond quickly with critical fixes and interventions.9: ApexFor helping satellites and other spacecraft get exactly where they need to goIn March 2024, Apex successfully deployed Aries SN1, the company’s first production model of an off-the-shelf satellite bus for “secondary payloads”—that is, moving satellites and other spacecraft into precise positions after their initial launch.The Aries can be manufactured in various preconfigurations designed for diverse mission needs, leveraging the benefits of serial production to help drive down the costs of these types of missions.The first 220-pound Aries, which can carry payloads of up to 330 pounds, was used to move satellites as part of a strategic partnership with defense contractor Anduril. In 2025, Anduril will launch its own self-funded mission, also powered by Apex’s Aries bus, featuring upgraded mission data processing and new infrared imaging capabilities, marking the next phase of their collaboration. Apex, which raised $95 million in series B funding in summer 2024, has said it expects to deliver its next vehicle, the Nova, a satellite bus that can host payloads from about 400 to 1,100 pounds, next year.10: SkyloFor making “out of service range” a thing of the pastThanks to Skylo, cellphone customers will no longer be out of luck when they’re out of range. The company’s service network enables phones and other connected devices to seamlessly switch from cellular to satellite connectivity without requiring any expensive satellite components. It is a major leap forward in terms of continuous, comprehensive, and affordable connectivity. As a result of this innovation, users no longer have to worry if they are in cellular coverage range in order to make an emergency call or text.The Mountain View-based company, founded in 2017 by a team from Stanford University’s space lab, doesn’t own spectrum or satellites of its own. Rather, it works with satellite operators with “bent pipe” networks, in which satellites essentially bounce signals originating on Earth back down to company ground stations (rather than sending cellular frequencies from space), allowing smartphones and IoT cellular devices to connect directly over existing satellites. That means the satellites can handle all kinds of transmission technologies, including narrow band IOT, which uses a single narrowband radio frequency to connect devices over long distances, even in remote areas.Qualcomm is already using Skylo technology in its advanced IoT chips, and in August 2024, Verizon announced it was partnering with Skylo to offer its customers satellite-based messaging and location-sharing services, starting this fall. The carrier also announced that starting next year, thanks to Skylo, users will be able to text anywhere via satellite.Explore the full 2025 list of Fast Company’s Most Innovative Companies, 609 organizations that are reshaping industries and culture. We’ve selected the companies making the biggest impact across 58 categories, including advertising, applied AI, biotech, retail, sustainability, and more.

The list of Most Innovative Companies in space for 2025 reflect global efforts over the last year diversify and secure launch and orbital services, which are increasingly seen as critical components of national security. SpaceX, the number-one U.S. launch company and satellite operator, demonstrated dazzling technical achievement with the successful launch of its Starship and the “chopstick catch” landing of its Super Heavy booster stage. But New Zealand- and U.S.-based Rocket Lab is playing an agile game of catchup, sending 12 of its Electron rockets into space last year—making it the number three launch provider globally—and inking major contracts with commercial and government customers. In Europe, French company Arianespace, a subsidiary of Ariane Group, successfully test-launched its new Ariane 6 heavy-lift rocket, operated on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA), marking a significant step toward independent European access to space. And Iceye, headquartered in Helsinki and Irvine, California, expanded its constellation of Earth-monitoring synthetic aperture radar (SAR) microsatellites, providing night and day high-res coverage of critical locations for customers including reinsurance giant Swiss Re, NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense, and Ukraine. Other advances across the space ecosystem include the successful deployment of a next-generation satellite “bus” by Apex, and the successful launch of cutting-edge weather-monitoring satellites by Muon Space. Questek engineered novel “superalloys” critical to For SpaceX’s Super Heavy boosters, while Stardog’s “hallucination-free” AI helped to advance key programs for NASA. Skylo introduced seamless, accessible satellite connectivity for some of the world’s biggest cellular providers, including Verizon, Qualcomm, and Google, ensuring the ability  to send an emergency text from anywhere. And in the “big audacious goals” category, in February 2024, Houston-based Intuitive Machines, became the first private company to land an unmanned craft on the Moon’s surface.1: Rocket LabFor keeping the space race competitiveYou might not know it from the constant flow of SpaceX headlines, but there is another key company when it comes to space launches. In 2024, Rocket Lab sent 12 missions into space, breaking the company’s record of 10 launches set in 2023, and making the company the no. 2 U.S. launch provider.Rocket Labs’ agility and precision made them the chosen partner to launch NASA’s PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) mission, designed to study heat lost to space from the Earth’s polar regions, which will improve climate models to better predict ice, sea level, and weather changes. This mission involved launching four small cube satellites into criss-crossing polar orbits, on two separate launches within just 11 days of each other. For Astroscale Japan, Rocket Lab launched an experimental debris-observation satellite last February to intersect the orbit of a spent rocket section. To make the rendezvous, Rocket Lab had just 20 days to prepare the launch parameters—and one day’s notice of the exact takeoff time, which had to be precise within 30 seconds.  The company also has a growing business building satellites and small spacecraft, with four already built and launched, and some 40 more under constructions, including two for NASA’s ESCAPADE mission to Mars, to study the planet’s magnetosphere. In December, Rocket Lab inked a $515 million contract with the U.S. Space Development Agency to build 18-satellites for a planned constellation of 90 that will provide voice- and data-transmission service for military personnel in the field. The company’s next chapter hinges on its second rocket, the medium-lift, semi-reusable Neutron, which it plans to test launch later this year. With a larger capacity than Electron, the Neutron would compete directly with SpaceX’s Falcon and help Rocket Lab to serve a broader range of customers and ultimately to launch its own satellite constellations.Read more about Rocket Lab, honored as No. 9 on Fast Company’s list of the World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025.2: IceyeFor making high-resolution, high-impact imagery accessible as quickly as possible.With the launch of 9 satellites in 2024, Finnish space startup Iceye now has the world’s largest commercial constellation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, which can see through cloud, darkness, and even tree cover and deliver remarkably crisp and detailed mages of virtually any spot on Earth, several times a day.With a relentless focus on miniaturization—which brings down costs—and precision, the company, which closed a $93 million financing round in April and secured another $65 million in December, has scaled the production of its small satellites, which offer cutting-edge high-resolution imagery that is relied upon by partners including the U.S. Department of Defense, FEMA, NASA, and the nation of Ukraine.While Iceye has built several satellites for commercial and state customers, the greater part of its business is selling data as a service from its own constellation of roughly 20 satellites. This provides a remarkable level of Earth coverage—Iceye can image anywhere in the world as often as every two hours, providing near-real time pictures of things like illegal logging and natural disasters. (Some insurance companies are now using data from Iceye to issue automated payments to customers in areas confirmed to be impacted by flooding, for example.)But defense is what’s driving business for the moment. Iceye has played a key role in the “space defense” of Ukraine in its war against Russia. In November, it signed a contract with German defense company Rheinmetall to provide Ukraine with additional high-resolution satellite imagery under German funding. Rheinmetall will also integrate Iceye’s capabilities into its next-generation battlefield systems. With vertically integrated manufacturing in Finland, a U.S. facility in Irvine, and a European-North American supply chain with no rare materials, Iceye aims to launch more than 20 satellites in 2025 and subsequent years.Read more about Iceye, honored as No. 20 on Fast Company’s list of the World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2025.3: SpaceXFor catching a rocket with a pair of chopsticksIn a spectacular feat of engineering, this year SpaceX successfully demonstrated the ability to launch—and then catch—a rocket. On October 13, the company’s reusable Starship megarocket launched on its fifth test flight. About seven minutes after liftoff, the vehicle’s first-stage booster, which is about 233 feet tall and weight about 440,000 pounds when it came back to Earth, was caught in midair by two mechanical “chopstick” arms, while the upper stage of splashed down in the Indian Ocean as planned.Along with that major accomplishment, SpaceX has kept up the pace of launches and innovative new rockets that push the boundaries of the space industry. After moving its headquarters from California to Texas, SpaceX has successfully launched 128 rockets in 2024, including 123 launches of Falcon 9s, two Falcon Heavys, and three of its new Starships (after the first three, launched in 2023, blew up).That far outpaces the launch cadence any domestic or international competitor. In September 2024, SpaceX operated the Polaris Dawn mission on behalf of Shift4, whose all-private crew of astronauts flew a SpaceX CrewDragon spacecraft in an elliptic orbit that took them 870 miles away from Earth (the farthest anyone has been since NASA’s Apollo program) to conducted a space walk.4: Intuitive MachinesFor making the moon its missionIn February 2024, the Odysseus lander— a hexagonal cylinder shape that’s roughly the size of an old British telephone booth—touched down on the surface of the moon. When it did, it became the first privately built and operated spacecraft to achieve a lunar landing. But that remarkable achievement was just the first step for the company behind it, Houston-based Intuitive Machines, which now aims to become a moon-landing powerhouse, providing everything from landers to communications and navigation services to buggies.The Odysseus hitched a ride toward the moon on a SpaceX Falcon 9 in February 2024. Once in space, it set off toward the moon on its own and landed on the Moon’s south pole region, marking the United States’ first return since Apollo 17. And although Odysseus ended up on its side after touching down on the Moon’s surface in February, the mission was deemed a success by the company and, perhaps more importantly, by NASA. Odysseus had carried six payloads from the space agency, and it has received data from five of its active payloads. (A sixth payload, a laser retroreflector, will be tested in the coming months.) A second lunar lander, which landed in March, 2025, also ended up on its side before it could gather any data.But these missions are just the start of what could be a long run of supporting lunar exploration: In August, NASA awarded Intuitive a $116.9 million contract to deliver six more science and technology payloads, including one from the European Space Agency, to the Moon’s south pole. This mission will deploy a range of equipment for prospecting on the Moon, including a drill, a hopper, and a rover. In September, the company—which reported nearly $60 million revenue last quarter—was the sole awardee of a contract with NASA valued at up to $4.82 billion over the next decade, to deploy a constellation of lunar data relay satellites around the Moon. The company is also one of top competitors bidding on a Moon moon terrain vehicle—a prototype of its fully electric crab-walking motorized vehicle is currently being evaluated at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.5: ArianespaceFor expanding European space launch capacity with a more cost-efficient heavy rocketin July 2024, French aerospace company Arianespace, a subsidiary of Ariane Group, successfully launched the new Ariane 6 heavy-lift rocket,  operated on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA). The launch marked a significant step towards securing Europe’s independent access to space—a pressing concern since the war in Ukraine cut off access to Russia’s Soyuz rockets—allowing nations on the continent to launch their satellites and payloads without relying solely on offshore commercial providers, namely SpaceX.Ariane Group served as lead contractor and design authority for the Ariane 6, coordinating more than 600 companies in 13 European countries that contributed. The Ariane 6 is intended to replace the Ariane 5, which had its final launch on July 5, 2023. The Ariane 5’s high production costs made it uncompetitive with commercial launch providers.The Ariane 6 is designed to cut launch costs in half compared to its predecessor. The demo mission was a partial success, accomplishing the launch and deployment of three of its five payloads into orbit. But a technical failure left the upper stage in orbit instead of returning to Earth. (The company says a software fix will prevent this problem in the future.)A second Ariane 6 launch is planned for late February 2025 [NEW]. It will be the rocket’s first commercial mission, carrying the CSO-3 reconnaissance satellite into orbit for the French military. In December 2024, Arianespace successfully launched a new version of its Vega rocket, intended for lighter loads than the Ariane 6, capable of transporting more than two tons and putting satellites into orbits at different altitudes. Four launches with Vega-C are planned for next year, followed by five more in 2026.6: QuesTek InnovationsFor making the materials that power space explorationThis Evanston, Illinois-based materials engineering firm, a specialist in high- performance metal alloys, has worked with NASA for two decades and last year played an essential role in constructing the latest launch vehicles produced by private space companies. QuesTek developed a top-secret superalloy for SpaceX that is more resilient and heat resistant than anything previously launched into space and is critical to the Raptor engines of the Starship’s Super Heavy booster.Last summer, QuesTek announced it had worked to develop two new superalloys for use in 3D printing of reusable rockets with space equipment manufacturer Stoke Space. The alloys will sharply reduce the amount of material used in rocket building, decreasing rocket weight and lowering the cost of launches while allowing for rapid design changes without the need for retooling7: Muon SpaceFor creating satellites that measure clouds and fight firesSilicon Valley-based end-to-end space systems provider Muon Space aims to design, build, and operate low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations designed for specific commercial and government projects.Less than a year after the June 2023 launch of its first satellite Muon Halo, this March the company successfully deployed a prototype weather satellite designed to capture cloud data for the the U.S. Air Force. The military is actively seeking so-called “cloud characterization data” and weather imagery to supplement data collected by its own sensor satellites to help its operations. Detailed cloud data is essential for more accurate weather prediction, as clouds control solar radiation, precipitation, and wind patterns, directly impacting temperature regulation and forecast accuracy.In addition raising a $56 million Series B round in August, Muon received a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant through the U.S. Space Force in December. The award will help accelerate Muon’s development of its commercial wildfire monitoring mission, FireSat, a constellation of small satellites designed to spot wildfires, in partnership with the nonprofit Earth Fire Alliance (whose backers include Google Research and the Environmental Defense Fund).By evolving the FireSat’s infrared detection abilities, Muon’s satellites will be able to monitor cloud cover as well as wildfires, serving both civil and defense uses. Muon Space plans a 2026 launch of its first three FireSat constellations, which will have the ability to observe every point on Earth twice a day.8: StardogFor giving NASA a voice assistant that speaks the truthStardog deploys “100%-hallucination-free” generative AI, powered by proprietary organization “knowledge graphs” for enterprises and government agencies including NASA and the US Department of Defense. In 2024, it rolled out its Voicebox AI data assistant for defense and intelligence customers. The system uses a “semantic parsing layer” on top of its generative AI to filter out AI “lies,” showing end-users results that are only tied directly back to an organization’s own data.The Stardog co-founders began their relationship with NASA when they custom-built data analytics applications for the agency in 2006. They were instrumental in development of “Concourse”, an application that facilitates avionics software assessments in support of the Artemis Orion Spacecraft certification, in 2021.Now, to support NASA’s Gateway program, which is building a lunar-orbit space station, Stardog integrated the “knowledge graph” it had created for NASA—which connects all data sources within the organization—with data from NASA’s Cross-Program Hazard System, to improve safety and give NASA a better decision-making process around risk, enabling the agency to respond quickly with critical fixes and interventions.9: ApexFor helping satellites and other spacecraft get exactly where they need to goIn March 2024, Apex successfully deployed Aries SN1, the company’s first production model of an off-the-shelf satellite bus for “secondary payloads”—that is, moving satellites and other spacecraft into precise positions after their initial launch.The Aries can be manufactured in various preconfigurations designed for diverse mission needs, leveraging the benefits of serial production to help drive down the costs of these types of missions.The first 220-pound Aries, which can carry payloads of up to 330 pounds, was used to move satellites as part of a strategic partnership with defense contractor Anduril. In 2025, Anduril will launch its own self-funded mission, also powered by Apex’s Aries bus, featuring upgraded mission data processing and new infrared imaging capabilities, marking the next phase of their collaboration. Apex, which raised $95 million in series B funding in summer 2024, has said it expects to deliver its next vehicle, the Nova, a satellite bus that can host payloads from about 400 to 1,100 pounds, next year.10: SkyloFor making “out of service range” a thing of the pastThanks to Skylo, cellphone customers will no longer be out of luck when they’re out of range. The company’s service network enables phones and other connected devices to seamlessly switch from cellular to satellite connectivity without requiring any expensive satellite components. It is a major leap forward in terms of continuous, comprehensive, and affordable connectivity. As a result of this innovation, users no longer have to worry if they are in cellular coverage range in order to make an emergency call or text.The Mountain View-based company, founded in 2017 by a team from Stanford University’s space lab, doesn’t own spectrum or satellites of its own. Rather, it works with satellite operators with “bent pipe” networks, in which satellites essentially bounce signals originating on Earth back down to company ground stations (rather than sending cellular frequencies from space), allowing smartphones and IoT cellular devices to connect directly over existing satellites. That means the satellites can handle all kinds of transmission technologies, including narrow band IOT, which uses a single narrowband radio frequency to connect devices over long distances, even in remote areas.Qualcomm is already using Skylo technology in its advanced IoT chips, and in August 2024, Verizon announced it was partnering with Skylo to offer its customers satellite-based messaging and location-sharing services, starting this fall. The carrier also announced that starting next year, thanks to Skylo, users will be able to text anywhere via satellite.Explore the full 2025 list of Fast Company’s Most Innovative Companies, 609 organizations that are reshaping industries and culture. We’ve selected the companies making the biggest impact across 58 categories, including advertising, applied AI, biotech, retail, sustainability, and more.