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See 11 Winning Images From the Astronomy Photographer of the Year Contest That Showcase the Wonder of Space

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Friday, September 13, 2024

Images of the sky, stars and galaxies have the ability to strike wonder and awe. The Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition captures that awe by showcasing some of the best images in astrophotography as amateur and professional photographers alike vie for a £10,000 ($13,000) grand prize. Now in its 16th year, the contest drew in more than 3,500 entries from photographers representing 58 countries this time around. Hosted by the Royal Observatory Greenwich, it is the largest astrophotography competition in the world—and the observatory released the winners of its 2024 contest in an online ceremony Thursday. This year’s contest featured multiple categories: our sun; our moon; galaxies; auroras; planets, comets and asteroids; people and space; stars and nebulas; and skyscapes. The judges also handed out a few special awards that recognized astrophotography newbies, young photographers and image innovation, which requires merging open source data with space-related images. The overall winner, Ryan Imperio, came from the “our sun” category and depicted Baily’s beads during the 2023 annular solar eclipse. Tom Williams was able to win in two separate categories, securing the top image in both “people and space,” as well as “planets, comets and asteroids.” “An abundance of astonishing works flood to us, and it is a joy to see what the world’s best astrophotographers are producing,” says Ed Bloomer, an astronomer at Royal Observatory Greenwich, in a statement. “It really is true that choosing the winners is a long process, and heavily debated amongst the panel.” An exhibition featuring the winning photographs, alongside a selection of shortlisted images that were announced earlier this year, opened at the National Maritime Museum in the United Kingdom on September 13. Below are the breathtaking winners, capturing in great detail the otherworldly beauty of space. Distorted Shadows of the Moon’s Surface by Ryan Imperio In this contest-winning time-lapse shot, the moon travels across the face of the sun, revealing the progression of Baily’s beads during the 2023 annular solar eclipse. © Ryan Imperio This overall winning image was taken during the 2023 annular solar eclipse that traced a path over the Americas. Astrophotographer Ryan Imperio of the United States put together this sequence of continuously captured images showing the progression of a phenomenon called Baily’s beads. When the moon’s edge aligns with the sun’s during a solar eclipse, its rugged topography of mountains and valleys allows sunlight to shine through unevenly. The resulting beads of light are called Baily’s beads. Here, the Baily’s beads break the ring of sunlight to form the illusion of black streaks. A glowing “Ring of Fire” also appears on the left side of the striking image. Since the moon does not completely cover the sun in an annular eclipse, it results in a ring of light glowing around the moon. Imperio describes how he captured the contest-winning shot: “Representing approximately ten seconds, the stacked sequence was shot at three frames per second and, starting on the left, includes the Ring of Fire at maximum annularity,” or the peak of the eclipse, he says in a catalog of the winners sent to Smithsonian magazine. “As the sequence progresses, a sort of exaggerated projection is created of the moon’s rough topography, allowing the viewer to appreciate the distorted lunar peaks and valleys.” Queenstown Aurora by Larryn Rae The pink hue of the southern lights shines over mountains, as captured in Queensland, New Zealand, in this winning image from the auroras category. © Larryn Rae The Aurora Australis, or southern lights, illuminate the sky over the mountains of Queenstown, New Zealand. Given the popularity of photographing the northern lights, this category winner was just one of two shortlisted aurora photos taken in the Southern Hemisphere. The vivid red colors of this aurora are rarer than green auroras, because these are produced at high altitudes. When charged particles from the sun energize atoms of gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, the excess energy gets released as light in brilliant auroras. The sun launches those particles in a phenomenon known as a coronal mass ejection (CME), when its outer atmosphere ejects magnetic fields and plasma mass into space. Larryn Rae of New Zealand describes how his image was put together: “It is a 19-image panorama capturing all of the fast-moving beams that lit up the sky. … My astro-modified camera caught all the pink hues of the aurora beams.” The composition also came together with a bit of luck. “The aurora came out of nowhere, and I was the only person there to capture the surprise display.” Shadow Peaks of Sinus Iridum by Gábor Balázs A close-up shot of the moon captures a flat plain known as Sinus Iridum, as well as the crater Pythagoras, which is visible because of a wobbling phenomenon called libration. The image won the contest's category for our moon. © Gábor Balázs Captured by Gábor Balázs of Hungary, this image shows a large lunar crater called Sinus Iridum, also known as the ‘Bay of Rainbows,’ which stretches approximately 150 miles in diameter. The surrounding Montes Jura mountain range casts spiky shadows into the crater. This detailed photograph reveals how the bay is surrounded by several smaller craters, showcasing the moon’s rugged terrain. In the top right corner lies the crater Pythagoras, which is noted by astronomers for its depth and complex geological features. Earth-bound viewers can only see one side of the moon, but a phenomenon called “libration,” in which the moon slightly oscillates, allows astronomers to see approximately 59 percent of the satellite’s total surface. This photograph includes glimpses of areas that are typically out of view because libration caused them to wobble toward the Earth. One of the competition’s judges, Yuri Beletsky, an astronomer and award-winning photographer in his own right, stated about this capture: “This image not only highlights the capabilities of modern astrophotography equipment but also offers a vivid illustration of lunar surface features, contributing valuable insights into lunar geology.” Echoes of the Past by Bence Tóth Galaxy NGC 5128, the fifth brightest galaxy as seen from Earth, won the category for galaxies. © Bence Tóth, Péter Feltóti A shot of galaxy NGC 5128, also known as Centaurus A, took home the prize in the galaxies category. At the center is a visualization of a powerful jet of radiation and particles known as a relativistic jet. Moving at close to the speed of light, the jet serves as an indicator of a supermassive black hole. Centaurus A is the closest radio galaxy to Earth, meaning it emits a large amount of radio waves. Centaurus A is the fifth brightest galaxy in the sky and can only be seen in the Southern Hemisphere. Bence Tóth of Hungary describes how he and Péter Feltóti got the shot: “We captured the image data in parallel with two astrophotography setups and processed the final image from all the data.” “This galaxy has quite a violent past due to several galaxy merging events. One of the main goals was to show how these disrupting events shaped the galaxy, as the shockwaves are propagated through the entire disc,” he adds. “The other target was to show the relativistic jet, the tell-tale sign of the supermassive black hole at the center.” High Tech Silhouette by Tom Williams The International Space Station creates a silhouette above the sun's active surface as it speeds around the Earth. This image won the contest's people and space category. © Tom Williams Tom Williams of the United Kingdom captured this moment as the International Space Station transited in front of the surface of the sun. He describes the discipline and accuracy needed to get this detailed image: “Crossing the field of view in just 0.2 seconds, these ISS transits of the sun are particularly rare for any one location on Earth.” The International Space Station is the largest space station ever built, maintaining an orbit with an average altitude of 250 miles. The station makes 16 orbits of the Earth per day, meaning its astronauts experience 16 sunrises and sunsets daily. It travels at a rapid five miles per second, emphasizing the precision needed to get this photo. Williams’ image also showcases the dynamic and active nature of the sun. A large, bright, extruding solar prominence extends out from the star near the station’s transit location, making this shot extra special. “Luckily weather conditions were great, and the sun was very lively at the time,” the photographer adds. “After many days of planning, it was a treat to have it all come to fruition.” On Approach by Tom Williams Venus, seen in three views as it approaches a conjunction with Earth and the sun, won the planets, comets and asteroids category. © Tom Williams The above image shows the phases of Venus as it approaches to pass between the Earth and sun. Whenever a planet sits directly between the sun and Earth, this is referred to as an inferior conjunction. Such an alignment occurs with Venus occurs every 19.5 months. Venus is a breathtaking, unique planet. It spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets in our solar system. And as the closest planet to Earth, the highly reflective Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after only the sun and moon. However, the reflectivity of its clouds makes conventional imaging methods difficult. “This makes UV imaging of Venus particularly interesting as the planet is much more dynamic than it would be if viewed in the visible spectrum,” Williams notes. He used ultraviolet and infrared filters to reveal the intricacies of cloud structures within the planet’s upper atmosphere, represented by added colors in the image that resemble the planet’s natural hue. Tasman Gems by Tom Rae Stars, nebulas and galaxies illuminate the night sky over the Tasman Valley in New Zealand. This image won the contest's skyscapes category. © Tom Rae The rugged peaks of New Zealand’s Tasman Valley stretch upward toward an array of celestial features in the Southern Hemisphere’s summer night sky. At the center, the red regions are hydrogen clouds of the Gum Nebula, the largest emission nebula in the sky, spanning the width of 72 full moons. Despite its size, the Gum Nebula was unknown before 1955 due to its faintness. This shot also features other regions in the Milky Way that aren’t photographed very frequently given their low brightness. In the top right side of the frame are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which are two irregular dwarf galaxies that orbit the Milky Way. Additionally, the bright stars Sirius and Canopus can be seen in the center of the image. Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, lies in the Canis Major constellation. Canopus is part of the constellation Carina and is the second-brightest star seen from the Southern Hemisphere. On the left of the image, you can see the Orion constellation with its characteristic three-star belt. “It’s very challenging to create this sort of composition without tipping the balance in favor of either foreground or background,” says contest judge Bloomer. “As well as being technically impressive, the balance also produces a surreal quality. A slightly dream-like connection between the Earth-bound and the celestial.” SNR G107.5-5.2 Unexpected Discovery (The Nereides Nebula in Cassiopeia) by Marcel Drechsler, Bray Falls, Yann Sainty, Nicolas Martino and Richard Galli In this winning image from the stars and nebulas category, the remnants from a gigantic supernova form wispy rings at the center of the Cassiopeia constellation. © Marcel Drechsler, Bray Falls, Yann Sainty, Nicolas Martino, Richard Galli “A new supernova remnant right at our doorstep!” writes the team of five photographers who captured this image. “One team, 3,559 frames, 260 hours of exposure time, telescopes on three continents and one goal—not only to explore a supernova remnant that has not yet been discovered by science, but also to photograph it in an ambitious joint project.” This gigantic supernova remnant in the resulting image is a lingering structure left over from the explosion of a star, featuring shock waves and filled with ejected materials from the blast. The team of photographers discovered this remnant, which stretches across a wide expanse of the night sky the size of six full moons. It was a surprise find, considering it lies in the center of the famous constellation Cassiopeia, known for its “W” shape formed by five bright stars. “Who knew this fantastic and delicate structure was there all along in one of the best-known constellations in the night sky?” says contest judge Steve Marsh, the art editor for BBC Sky at Night Magazine. The clever coloring specifically wowed judges as it illuminated the structure’s details. Even more impressively, the team that made this miraculous discovery consisted of amateur astronomers, demonstrating the remarkable impact amateurs can have on the field. SH2-308: Dolphin Head Nebula by Xin Feng and Miao Gong The Dolphin Head Nebula appears as a blue bubble in this image that won the Sir Patrick Moore Prize for Best Newcomer. © Xin Feng, Miao Gong Xin Feng and Miao Gong of China took home the award for the best newcomer image, which features the charming SH2-308, commonly known as the Dolphin Head Nebula. The bubble of ionized atomic hydrogen was pushed out from a very luminous Wolf-Rayet star. Wolf-Rayet stars are at an advanced stage in the stellar life cycle and have a high rate of mass loss. Around the Dolphin Head Nebula, stellar winds, or gas ejected from the star’s upper atmosphere, can reach over 3.3 million miles per hour, making the region lively. Feng and Gong note the nebula “is at a low angle and can only be shot for five hours a day. … This image comprises a total of ten days of shooting and post-processing.” NGC 1499, A Dusty California by Daniele Borsari The California Nebula emits ionized gasses to form a long, reddish-pink shape. Captured by a 14-year-old photographer, the image won the young astrophotographer category. © Daniele Borsari Fourteen-year-old Daniele Borsari of Italy captured the above image of the emission nebula NGC 1499, also known as the California Nebula for its resemblance to the elongated shape of the state. An emission nebula is a cloud of ionized gasses that glows, typically in red, due to being heated by nearby stars. This nebula is just about 1,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus. Borsari captures the nebula’s shape beautifully, demonstrating the promise of young astrophotography talent, per the contest judges. “This incredibly beautiful image… captures a nebula, atmospheric gasses and has extraordinary balance of light, composition and structure,” says judge Neal White, a researcher of contemporary art and science at the University of Westminster in England. “The future of astronomy photography being fearlessly, and openly, taken forward by a new generation.” Anatomy of a Habitable Planet by Sergio Díaz Ruiz This visualization of Earth’s global atmospheric conditions, based on satellite data, won the Annie Maunder Prize for Image Innovation. © Sergio Díaz Ruiz Spanish photographer Sergio Díaz Ruiz creates a shocking depiction of a world plagued by impending global catastrophes, despite having intelligent life forms. What planet is this? Our Earth. Various colors represent data captured by the GOES-18 weather satellite, denoting landmasses, oceans and atmospheric features. Combined with a map of artificial lights at night, the image shows Earth as an alien civilization might view and study it. The image evokes the pressing need for climate action to manage greenhouse gas emissions and other atmospheric risks to humankind. As judge Victoria Lane, senior curator of art and identity at Royal Museums Greenwich, aptly writes, “the image poignantly emphasizes the significant environmental challenges we face and the urgent need to protect and preserve our planet.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.

From a solar eclipse to a dolphin-like nebula, these otherworldly sights are captured in sharp detail by astrophotographers from around the world

Images of the sky, stars and galaxies have the ability to strike wonder and awe.

The Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition captures that awe by showcasing some of the best images in astrophotography as amateur and professional photographers alike vie for a £10,000 ($13,000) grand prize.

Now in its 16th year, the contest drew in more than 3,500 entries from photographers representing 58 countries this time around. Hosted by the Royal Observatory Greenwich, it is the largest astrophotography competition in the world—and the observatory released the winners of its 2024 contest in an online ceremony Thursday.

This year’s contest featured multiple categories: our sun; our moon; galaxies; auroras; planets, comets and asteroids; people and space; stars and nebulas; and skyscapes. The judges also handed out a few special awards that recognized astrophotography newbies, young photographers and image innovation, which requires merging open source data with space-related images.

The overall winner, Ryan Imperio, came from the “our sun” category and depicted Baily’s beads during the 2023 annular solar eclipse. Tom Williams was able to win in two separate categories, securing the top image in both “people and space,” as well as “planets, comets and asteroids.”

“An abundance of astonishing works flood to us, and it is a joy to see what the world’s best astrophotographers are producing,” says Ed Bloomer, an astronomer at Royal Observatory Greenwich, in a statement. “It really is true that choosing the winners is a long process, and heavily debated amongst the panel.”

An exhibition featuring the winning photographs, alongside a selection of shortlisted images that were announced earlier this year, opened at the National Maritime Museum in the United Kingdom on September 13.

Below are the breathtaking winners, capturing in great detail the otherworldly beauty of space.

Distorted Shadows of the Moon’s Surface by Ryan Imperio

A time-lapsed picture of the moon covering the sun shows thin glowing gold rings emanating out from the dark moon at the left, with dark streaks through them
In this contest-winning time-lapse shot, the moon travels across the face of the sun, revealing the progression of Baily’s beads during the 2023 annular solar eclipse. © Ryan Imperio

This overall winning image was taken during the 2023 annular solar eclipse that traced a path over the Americas. Astrophotographer Ryan Imperio of the United States put together this sequence of continuously captured images showing the progression of a phenomenon called Baily’s beads.

When the moon’s edge aligns with the sun’s during a solar eclipse, its rugged topography of mountains and valleys allows sunlight to shine through unevenly. The resulting beads of light are called Baily’s beads. Here, the Baily’s beads break the ring of sunlight to form the illusion of black streaks.

A glowing “Ring of Fire” also appears on the left side of the striking image. Since the moon does not completely cover the sun in an annular eclipse, it results in a ring of light glowing around the moon.

Imperio describes how he captured the contest-winning shot: “Representing approximately ten seconds, the stacked sequence was shot at three frames per second and, starting on the left, includes the Ring of Fire at maximum annularity,” or the peak of the eclipse, he says in a catalog of the winners sent to Smithsonian magazine. “As the sequence progresses, a sort of exaggerated projection is created of the moon’s rough topography, allowing the viewer to appreciate the distorted lunar peaks and valleys.”

Queenstown Aurora by Larryn Rae

A pink aurora shines over a mountain and water in the night sky, with streaks emanating up from the horizon like fire
The pink hue of the southern lights shines over mountains, as captured in Queensland, New Zealand, in this winning image from the auroras category. © Larryn Rae

The Aurora Australis, or southern lights, illuminate the sky over the mountains of Queenstown, New Zealand. Given the popularity of photographing the northern lights, this category winner was just one of two shortlisted aurora photos taken in the Southern Hemisphere. The vivid red colors of this aurora are rarer than green auroras, because these are produced at high altitudes.

When charged particles from the sun energize atoms of gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, the excess energy gets released as light in brilliant auroras. The sun launches those particles in a phenomenon known as a coronal mass ejection (CME), when its outer atmosphere ejects magnetic fields and plasma mass into space.

Larryn Rae of New Zealand describes how his image was put together: “It is a 19-image panorama capturing all of the fast-moving beams that lit up the sky. … My astro-modified camera caught all the pink hues of the aurora beams.” The composition also came together with a bit of luck. “The aurora came out of nowhere, and I was the only person there to capture the surprise display.”

Shadow Peaks of Sinus Iridum by Gábor Balázs

A shot of the moon highlighting the textured craters, mountains, and dry bays
A close-up shot of the moon captures a flat plain known as Sinus Iridum, as well as the crater Pythagoras, which is visible because of a wobbling phenomenon called libration. The image won the contest's category for our moon. © Gábor Balázs

Captured by Gábor Balázs of Hungary, this image shows a large lunar crater called Sinus Iridum, also known as the ‘Bay of Rainbows,’ which stretches approximately 150 miles in diameter. The surrounding Montes Jura mountain range casts spiky shadows into the crater. This detailed photograph reveals how the bay is surrounded by several smaller craters, showcasing the moon’s rugged terrain. In the top right corner lies the crater Pythagoras, which is noted by astronomers for its depth and complex geological features.

Earth-bound viewers can only see one side of the moon, but a phenomenon called “libration,” in which the moon slightly oscillates, allows astronomers to see approximately 59 percent of the satellite’s total surface. This photograph includes glimpses of areas that are typically out of view because libration caused them to wobble toward the Earth.

One of the competition’s judges, Yuri Beletsky, an astronomer and award-winning photographer in his own right, stated about this capture: “This image not only highlights the capabilities of modern astrophotography equipment but also offers a vivid illustration of lunar surface features, contributing valuable insights into lunar geology.”

Echoes of the Past by Bence Tóth

Centaurus A, a galaxy only visible from the Southern Hemisphere, shines with glowing jets of radiation.
Galaxy NGC 5128, the fifth brightest galaxy as seen from Earth, won the category for galaxies. © Bence Tóth, Péter Feltóti

A shot of galaxy NGC 5128, also known as Centaurus A, took home the prize in the galaxies category. At the center is a visualization of a powerful jet of radiation and particles known as a relativistic jet. Moving at close to the speed of light, the jet serves as an indicator of a supermassive black hole.

Centaurus A is the closest radio galaxy to Earth, meaning it emits a large amount of radio waves. Centaurus A is the fifth brightest galaxy in the sky and can only be seen in the Southern Hemisphere.

Bence Tóth of Hungary describes how he and Péter Feltóti got the shot: “We captured the image data in parallel with two astrophotography setups and processed the final image from all the data.”

“This galaxy has quite a violent past due to several galaxy merging events. One of the main goals was to show how these disrupting events shaped the galaxy, as the shockwaves are propagated through the entire disc,” he adds. “The other target was to show the relativistic jet, the tell-tale sign of the supermassive black hole at the center.”

High Tech Silhouette by Tom Williams

An image of the surface of the sun with the International Space Station traversing in front of it.
The International Space Station creates a silhouette above the sun's active surface as it speeds around the Earth. This image won the contest's people and space category. © Tom Williams

Tom Williams of the United Kingdom captured this moment as the International Space Station transited in front of the surface of the sun. He describes the discipline and accuracy needed to get this detailed image: “Crossing the field of view in just 0.2 seconds, these ISS transits of the sun are particularly rare for any one location on Earth.”

The International Space Station is the largest space station ever built, maintaining an orbit with an average altitude of 250 miles. The station makes 16 orbits of the Earth per day, meaning its astronauts experience 16 sunrises and sunsets daily. It travels at a rapid five miles per second, emphasizing the precision needed to get this photo.

Williams’ image also showcases the dynamic and active nature of the sun. A large, bright, extruding solar prominence extends out from the star near the station’s transit location, making this shot extra special.

“Luckily weather conditions were great, and the sun was very lively at the time,” the photographer adds. “After many days of planning, it was a treat to have it all come to fruition.”

On Approach by Tom Williams

A collection of views of Venus’s blue and orange surface.
Venus, seen in three views as it approaches a conjunction with Earth and the sun, won the planets, comets and asteroids category. © Tom Williams

The above image shows the phases of Venus as it approaches to pass between the Earth and sun. Whenever a planet sits directly between the sun and Earth, this is referred to as an inferior conjunction. Such an alignment occurs with Venus occurs every 19.5 months.

Venus is a breathtaking, unique planet. It spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets in our solar system. And as the closest planet to Earth, the highly reflective Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after only the sun and moon. However, the reflectivity of its clouds makes conventional imaging methods difficult.

“This makes UV imaging of Venus particularly interesting as the planet is much more dynamic than it would be if viewed in the visible spectrum,” Williams notes. He used ultraviolet and infrared filters to reveal the intricacies of cloud structures within the planet’s upper atmosphere, represented by added colors in the image that resemble the planet’s natural hue.

Tasman Gems by Tom Rae

Stars, nebulae, and aurora shine in this summer night sky in New Zealand
Stars, nebulas and galaxies illuminate the night sky over the Tasman Valley in New Zealand. This image won the contest's skyscapes category. © Tom Rae

The rugged peaks of New Zealand’s Tasman Valley stretch upward toward an array of celestial features in the Southern Hemisphere’s summer night sky.

At the center, the red regions are hydrogen clouds of the Gum Nebula, the largest emission nebula in the sky, spanning the width of 72 full moons. Despite its size, the Gum Nebula was unknown before 1955 due to its faintness. This shot also features other regions in the Milky Way that aren’t photographed very frequently given their low brightness.

In the top right side of the frame are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which are two irregular dwarf galaxies that orbit the Milky Way. Additionally, the bright stars Sirius and Canopus can be seen in the center of the image. Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, lies in the Canis Major constellation. Canopus is part of the constellation Carina and is the second-brightest star seen from the Southern Hemisphere. On the left of the image, you can see the Orion constellation with its characteristic three-star belt.

“It’s very challenging to create this sort of composition without tipping the balance in favor of either foreground or background,” says contest judge Bloomer. “As well as being technically impressive, the balance also produces a surreal quality. A slightly dream-like connection between the Earth-bound and the celestial.”

SNR G107.5-5.2 Unexpected Discovery (The Nereides Nebula in Cassiopeia) by Marcel Drechsler, Bray Falls, Yann Sainty, Nicolas Martino and Richard Galli

Bright blue remnants of a gigantic supernova form a wispy ring against red remnants and a red foggy backdrop with stars
In this winning image from the stars and nebulas category, the remnants from a gigantic supernova form wispy rings at the center of the Cassiopeia constellation. © Marcel Drechsler, Bray Falls, Yann Sainty, Nicolas Martino, Richard Galli

“A new supernova remnant right at our doorstep!” writes the team of five photographers who captured this image. “One team, 3,559 frames, 260 hours of exposure time, telescopes on three continents and one goal—not only to explore a supernova remnant that has not yet been discovered by science, but also to photograph it in an ambitious joint project.”

This gigantic supernova remnant in the resulting image is a lingering structure left over from the explosion of a star, featuring shock waves and filled with ejected materials from the blast.

The team of photographers discovered this remnant, which stretches across a wide expanse of the night sky the size of six full moons. It was a surprise find, considering it lies in the center of the famous constellation Cassiopeia, known for its “W” shape formed by five bright stars.

“Who knew this fantastic and delicate structure was there all along in one of the best-known constellations in the night sky?” says contest judge Steve Marsh, the art editor for BBC Sky at Night Magazine.

The clever coloring specifically wowed judges as it illuminated the structure’s details. Even more impressively, the team that made this miraculous discovery consisted of amateur astronomers, demonstrating the remarkable impact amateurs can have on the field.

SH2-308: Dolphin Head Nebula by Xin Feng and Miao Gong

A blue nebula is looks like a dolphin's head with its nose pointing to the top left against a colored blue and red sky
The Dolphin Head Nebula appears as a blue bubble in this image that won the Sir Patrick Moore Prize for Best Newcomer. © Xin Feng, Miao Gong

Xin Feng and Miao Gong of China took home the award for the best newcomer image, which features the charming SH2-308, commonly known as the Dolphin Head Nebula.

The bubble of ionized atomic hydrogen was pushed out from a very luminous Wolf-Rayet star. Wolf-Rayet stars are at an advanced stage in the stellar life cycle and have a high rate of mass loss. Around the Dolphin Head Nebula, stellar winds, or gas ejected from the star’s upper atmosphere, can reach over 3.3 million miles per hour, making the region lively.

Feng and Gong note the nebula “is at a low angle and can only be shot for five hours a day. … This image comprises a total of ten days of shooting and post-processing.”

NGC 1499, A Dusty California by Daniele Borsari

A reddish-pink emission nebula in the vague shape of the state of California
The California Nebula emits ionized gasses to form a long, reddish-pink shape. Captured by a 14-year-old photographer, the image won the young astrophotographer category. © Daniele Borsari

Fourteen-year-old Daniele Borsari of Italy captured the above image of the emission nebula NGC 1499, also known as the California Nebula for its resemblance to the elongated shape of the state. An emission nebula is a cloud of ionized gasses that glows, typically in red, due to being heated by nearby stars.

This nebula is just about 1,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Perseus. Borsari captures the nebula’s shape beautifully, demonstrating the promise of young astrophotography talent, per the contest judges.

“This incredibly beautiful image… captures a nebula, atmospheric gasses and has extraordinary balance of light, composition and structure,” says judge Neal White, a researcher of contemporary art and science at the University of Westminster in England. “The future of astronomy photography being fearlessly, and openly, taken forward by a new generation.”

Anatomy of a Habitable Planet by Sergio Díaz Ruiz

A depiction of Earth’s atmosphere features shown with green, red, and blue visualizations from a full view of the spherical planet from space
This visualization of Earth’s global atmospheric conditions, based on satellite data, won the Annie Maunder Prize for Image Innovation. © Sergio Díaz Ruiz

Spanish photographer Sergio Díaz Ruiz creates a shocking depiction of a world plagued by impending global catastrophes, despite having intelligent life forms. What planet is this? Our Earth.

Various colors represent data captured by the GOES-18 weather satellite, denoting landmasses, oceans and atmospheric features. Combined with a map of artificial lights at night, the image shows Earth as an alien civilization might view and study it. The image evokes the pressing need for climate action to manage greenhouse gas emissions and other atmospheric risks to humankind.

As judge Victoria Lane, senior curator of art and identity at Royal Museums Greenwich, aptly writes, “the image poignantly emphasizes the significant environmental challenges we face and the urgent need to protect and preserve our planet.”

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UK farmers lose £800m after heat and drought cause one of worst harvests on record

Many now concerned about ability to make living in fast-changing climate after one of worst grain harvests recordedRecord heat and drought cost Britain’s arable farmers more than £800m in lost production in 2025 in one of the worst harvests recorded, analysis has estimated.Three of the five worst harvests on record have now occurred since 2020, leaving some farmers asking whether the growing impacts of the climate crisis are making it too financially risky to sow their crops. Farmers are already facing heavy financial pressure as the costs of fertilisers and other inputs have risen faster than prices. Continue reading...

Record heat and drought cost Britain’s arable farmers more than £800m in lost production in 2025 in one of the worst harvests recorded, analysis has estimated.Three of the five worst harvests on record have now occurred since 2020, leaving some farmers asking whether the growing impacts of the climate crisis are making it too financially risky to sow their crops. Farmers are already facing heavy financial pressure as the costs of fertilisers and other inputs have risen faster than prices.This year Britain had the hottest and driest spring on record, and the hottest summer, with drought conditions widespread. As a result, the production of the five staple arable crops – wheat, oats, spring and winter barley, and oilseed rape – fell by 20% compared with the 10-year average, according to the analysis by the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU). The harvest in England was the second-worst in records going back to 1984.Supercharged by global heating, extreme rainfall in the winters of 2019-20 and 2023-24 also led to very poor harvests, as farmers were unable to access waterlogged and flooded fields to drill their crops.“This has been another torrid year for many farmers in the UK, with the pendulum swinging from too wet to too hot and dry,” said Tom Lancaster at the ECIU. “British farmers have once again been left counting the costs of climate change, with four-fifths now concerned about their ability to make a living due to the fast-changing climate.”He added: “There is an urgent need to ensure farmers are better supported to adapt to these climate shocks and build their resilience as the bedrock of our food security. In this context, the delays [by ministers] to the relaunch of vital green farming schemes are the last thing the industry needs.” The sustainable farming incentive was closed in March.Many farmers are struggling to break even and some blame environmental policies, but Lancaster said: “The evidence suggests that climate impacts are what’s actually driving issues of profitability, certainly in the arable sector, as opposed to policy change. Without reaching net zero emission there is no way to limit the impacts making food production in the UK ever more difficult.”David Lord, an arable farmer from Essex, said: “As a farmer, I’m used to taking the rough with the smooth, but recent years have seen near constant extreme rainfall, heat and drought. It’s getting to the point with climate change where I can’t take the risk of investing in a new crop of wheat or barley because the return on that investment is just so uncertain.“Green farming schemes are a vital lifeline for me, helping build my resilience to these shocks whilst providing cashflow to help buffer me financially.”Green farming approaches include planting winter cover crops. These increase resilience by boosting the organic content of soil, meaning it can retain water better during droughts. Cover crops can also help break up compacted soil, allowing it to drain better during wet periods.The ECIU analysis used production data for England published in October and current grain prices and then extrapolated it to the UK as a whole, a method shown to be reliable in previous years. Since 2020, which was the worst harvest on record, lost revenue associated with the impact of extreme weather is now more than £2bn for UK arable farmers. Grain prices are set globally, so low harvests in the UK do not translate in the market to higher prices.The link between worsening extreme weather and global heating is increasingly clear. The Met Office said the UK summer of 2025 was the hottest in more than a century of records and was made 70 times more probable because of the climate crisis. Global heating also made the severe rainfall in the winter storms of 2023-24 about 20% heavier.“This year’s harvest was extremely challenging,” said Jamie Burrows, the chair of the National Farmers’ Union combinable crops board. “Growing crops in the UK isn’t easy due to the unpredictable weather we are seeing more of. Funding is needed for climate adaptation and resilient crop varieties to safeguard our ability to feed the nation.”The price of some foods hit by extreme weather are rising more than four times faster than others in the average shop, the ECIU reported in October. It found the price of butter, beef, milk, coffee and chocolate had risen by an average of 15.6% over the year, compared with 2.8% for other food and drink.Drought in the UK led to poor grass growth, hitting butter and beef production, while extreme heat and rain in west Africa pushed up cocoa prices and droughts in Brazil and Vietnam led to a surge in coffee prices.A spokesperson for the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said farmers were stewards of the nation’s food security. “We know there are challenges in the sector and weather extremes have affected harvests,” she said. “We are backing our farmers in the face of a changing climate with the largest nature-friendly farming budget in history to grow their businesses and get more British food on our plates.”

Realtors just forced Zillow to hide a key piece of information about buying a home. Here’s why

Until recently, when you looked at a house for sale on Zillow, you could see property-specific scores for the risk of flooding, wildfires, wind from storms and hurricanes, extreme heat, and air quality. The numbers came from First Street, a nonprofit that uses peer-reviewed methodologies to calculate “climate risk.” But Zillow recently removed those scores after pressure from CRMLS, one of the large real-estate listing services that supplies its data. “The reality is these models have been around for over five years,” says Matthew Eby, CEO of First Street, which also provides its data to sites like Realtor.com and Redfin. (Zillow started displaying the information in 2024, but Realtor.com incorporated First Street’s “Flood Scores” in 2020.) “And what’s happened is the market’s gotten very tight. And now they’re looking for ways to try and make it easier to sell homes at the expense of homebuyers.” The California Regional MLS, like others across the country, controls the database that feeds real estate listings to sites like Zillow. The organization said in a statement to the New York Times that it was “suspicious” after seeing predictions of high flood risk in areas that hadn’t flooded in the past. When Fast Company asked for an example of a location, they pointed to a neighborhood in Huntington Beach—but that area actually just flooded last week. In a statement, First Street said that it stands behind the accuracy of its scores. “Our models are built on transparent, peer-reviewed science and are continuously validated against real-world outcomes. In the CRMLS coverage area, during the Los Angeles wildfires, our maps identified over 90% of the homes that ultimately burned as being at severe or extreme risk—our highest risk rating—and 100% as having some level of risk, significantly outperforming CalFire’s official state hazard maps. So when claims are made that our models are inaccurate, we ask for evidence. To date, all the empirical validation shows our science is working as designed and providing better risk insight than the tools the industry has relied on historically.” Zillow’s trust in the data has not changed, and that data is important to consumers: In one survey, it saw that more than 80% of buyers considered the data when shopping for a house. But the company said in a statement that it updated its “climate risk product experience to adhere to varying MLS requirements.” It’s not clear exactly what happened: In response to questions for this story, CRMLS now says it only asked Zillow to remove “predictive numbers” and flood map layers on listings, while Zillow says the MLS board voted to demand they block all of the data. It’s also not clear what would have happened if Zillow hadn’t made any changes, though in theory, the MLS could have stopped giving the site access to its listings. Images of Zillow’s climate risk tools from a 2024 press release [Image: Zillow] Zillow still links to First Street’s website in each listing, so homebuyers can access the information, but it’s less easy to find. The site also still includes a map that consumers can use to view overall neighborhood risk, if they take the extra step to click on checkboxes for flooding, fire, or other hazards. But the main scores are gone. Obviously, seeing that a particular house has a high flood risk or fire risk can hurt sales. Nevertheless, after First Street first launched, the National Association of Realtors put out guidance saying that the information was useful—and that since realtors aren’t experts in things like flood risk, they shouldn’t try to tell buyers themselves that a particular house is safe, even if it hasn’t flooded in the past. First Street’s flood data goes further than that of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which uses outdated flood maps. It also incorporates more climate predictions, along with the risk of flooding from heavy rainfall and surface runoff, not just flooding from rivers or the coast. And it includes predictions of small amounts of flooding (for example, whether an inch of water is likely to reach the property). Buyers can dig deeper to figure out how much that amount of flooding might affect a particular house. It’s not surprising that some high risk scores have upset home sellers who haven’t experienced flooding or other problems in the past. But as the climate changes, past experiences don’t guarantee what a property will be like for the next 30 years. Take the example of North Carolina, where some residents hadn’t ever experienced flooding until Hurricane Helene dumped unprecedented rainfall on their neighborhoods. Redfin, another site that uses the data, plans to continue providing it, though sellers have the option to ask for it to be removed from a particular home if they believe it’s inaccurate. (First Street also allows homeowners to ask for their data to be revised if there’s a problem, and then reviews the accuracy.) “Redfin will continue to provide the best-possible estimates of the risks of fires, floods, and storms,” Redfin chief economist Daryl Fairweather said in a statement. “Homebuyers want to know, because losing a home in a catastrophe is heartbreaking, and insuring against these risks is getting more and more expensive.” Realtor.com is working with CRMLS and data providers to look into the issues raised by the MLS over the scores. “We aim to balance transparency about the evolving environmental risks to what is often a family’s biggest investment, with an understanding that the available data can sometimes be limited,” the company said in a statement. “For this reason we always encourage consumers to consult a local real estate professional for guidance or to learn more. When issues are raised, we work with our data partners to review them and make updates when appropriate.” If more real estate sites take down the scores, it’s likely that some buyers won’t see the information at all. First Street says that while it’s good that Zillow still includes a link to its site, the impact is real. “Whenever you add friction into something, it just is used less,” Eby says. “And so not having that information at the tip of your fingers is definitely going to have an impact on the millions of people that go to Zillow every day to see it.”

Until recently, when you looked at a house for sale on Zillow, you could see property-specific scores for the risk of flooding, wildfires, wind from storms and hurricanes, extreme heat, and air quality. The numbers came from First Street, a nonprofit that uses peer-reviewed methodologies to calculate “climate risk.” But Zillow recently removed those scores after pressure from CRMLS, one of the large real-estate listing services that supplies its data. “The reality is these models have been around for over five years,” says Matthew Eby, CEO of First Street, which also provides its data to sites like Realtor.com and Redfin. (Zillow started displaying the information in 2024, but Realtor.com incorporated First Street’s “Flood Scores” in 2020.) “And what’s happened is the market’s gotten very tight. And now they’re looking for ways to try and make it easier to sell homes at the expense of homebuyers.” The California Regional MLS, like others across the country, controls the database that feeds real estate listings to sites like Zillow. The organization said in a statement to the New York Times that it was “suspicious” after seeing predictions of high flood risk in areas that hadn’t flooded in the past. When Fast Company asked for an example of a location, they pointed to a neighborhood in Huntington Beach—but that area actually just flooded last week. In a statement, First Street said that it stands behind the accuracy of its scores. “Our models are built on transparent, peer-reviewed science and are continuously validated against real-world outcomes. In the CRMLS coverage area, during the Los Angeles wildfires, our maps identified over 90% of the homes that ultimately burned as being at severe or extreme risk—our highest risk rating—and 100% as having some level of risk, significantly outperforming CalFire’s official state hazard maps. So when claims are made that our models are inaccurate, we ask for evidence. To date, all the empirical validation shows our science is working as designed and providing better risk insight than the tools the industry has relied on historically.” Zillow’s trust in the data has not changed, and that data is important to consumers: In one survey, it saw that more than 80% of buyers considered the data when shopping for a house. But the company said in a statement that it updated its “climate risk product experience to adhere to varying MLS requirements.” It’s not clear exactly what happened: In response to questions for this story, CRMLS now says it only asked Zillow to remove “predictive numbers” and flood map layers on listings, while Zillow says the MLS board voted to demand they block all of the data. It’s also not clear what would have happened if Zillow hadn’t made any changes, though in theory, the MLS could have stopped giving the site access to its listings. Images of Zillow’s climate risk tools from a 2024 press release [Image: Zillow] Zillow still links to First Street’s website in each listing, so homebuyers can access the information, but it’s less easy to find. The site also still includes a map that consumers can use to view overall neighborhood risk, if they take the extra step to click on checkboxes for flooding, fire, or other hazards. But the main scores are gone. Obviously, seeing that a particular house has a high flood risk or fire risk can hurt sales. Nevertheless, after First Street first launched, the National Association of Realtors put out guidance saying that the information was useful—and that since realtors aren’t experts in things like flood risk, they shouldn’t try to tell buyers themselves that a particular house is safe, even if it hasn’t flooded in the past. First Street’s flood data goes further than that of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which uses outdated flood maps. It also incorporates more climate predictions, along with the risk of flooding from heavy rainfall and surface runoff, not just flooding from rivers or the coast. And it includes predictions of small amounts of flooding (for example, whether an inch of water is likely to reach the property). Buyers can dig deeper to figure out how much that amount of flooding might affect a particular house. It’s not surprising that some high risk scores have upset home sellers who haven’t experienced flooding or other problems in the past. But as the climate changes, past experiences don’t guarantee what a property will be like for the next 30 years. Take the example of North Carolina, where some residents hadn’t ever experienced flooding until Hurricane Helene dumped unprecedented rainfall on their neighborhoods. Redfin, another site that uses the data, plans to continue providing it, though sellers have the option to ask for it to be removed from a particular home if they believe it’s inaccurate. (First Street also allows homeowners to ask for their data to be revised if there’s a problem, and then reviews the accuracy.) “Redfin will continue to provide the best-possible estimates of the risks of fires, floods, and storms,” Redfin chief economist Daryl Fairweather said in a statement. “Homebuyers want to know, because losing a home in a catastrophe is heartbreaking, and insuring against these risks is getting more and more expensive.” Realtor.com is working with CRMLS and data providers to look into the issues raised by the MLS over the scores. “We aim to balance transparency about the evolving environmental risks to what is often a family’s biggest investment, with an understanding that the available data can sometimes be limited,” the company said in a statement. “For this reason we always encourage consumers to consult a local real estate professional for guidance or to learn more. When issues are raised, we work with our data partners to review them and make updates when appropriate.” If more real estate sites take down the scores, it’s likely that some buyers won’t see the information at all. First Street says that while it’s good that Zillow still includes a link to its site, the impact is real. “Whenever you add friction into something, it just is used less,” Eby says. “And so not having that information at the tip of your fingers is definitely going to have an impact on the millions of people that go to Zillow every day to see it.”

Researchers Slightly Lower Study's Estimate of Drop in Global Income Due to Climate Change

Researchers who examined climate change’s potential effect on the global economy say data errors led them to slightly overstate an expected drop in income over the next 25 years

The authors of a study that examined climate change's potential effect on the global economy said Wednesday that data errors led them to slightly overstate an expected drop in income over the next 25 years.The researchers at Germany's Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, writing in the journal Nature in 2024, had forecast a 19% drop in global income by 2050. Their revised analysis puts the figure at 17%.The authors also said in their original work that there was a 99% chance that, by midcentury, it would cost more to fix damage from climate change than it would cost to build resilience. Their new analysis, not yet peer-reviewed, lowered that figure to 91%.The Associated Press reported on the original study. Nature posted a retraction of it Wednesday.The researchers cited data inaccuracies in the first paper, particularly with underlying economic data for Uzbekistan between 1995 and 1999 that had a large influence on the results, and that their analysis had underestimated statistical uncertainty.Max Kotz, one of the study’s authors, told the AP that the heart of the study is unchanged: Climate change will be enormously damaging to the world economy if unchecked, and that the impact will hit hardest in the lowest-income areas that contribute the fewest emissions driving the planet's warming. Gernot Wagner, a climate economist at Columbia Business School who wasn't involved with the research, said the thrust of the Potsdam Institute's work remains the same “no matter which part of the range the true figure will be.”“Climate change already hits home, quite literally. Home insurance premiums across the U.S. have already seen, in part, a doubling over the past decade alone,” Wagner said. “Rapidly accumulating climate risks will only make the numbers go up even more.”The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See – Nov. 2025

Climate Change Is Killing the Myth of Los Angeles

I once lived in an apartment in Los Angeles that flooded every time it rained. Not just a polite drip, either. The ceiling sagged and dripped into long wet ribbons, and the wall beside my desk would bleed water like I was playing out Barton Fink in color. I wonder how that space looks now, as Southern California comes out of a long rain event where the hills above Altadena saw nearly nine inches at the site of January’s Eaton fire, between November 14 and November 21. People love to talk about tanned and toned Dallas Raines, the veteran KABC meteorologist who can summon high drama from a passing low-pressure system. Or the obligatory SUV hydroplaning down the 5 Freeway. In L.A., weather banter is its own civic dialect. We rarely admit how fragile the physical city really is, and how the very places that frame our daily lives—the courtyard where you catch the first blue of morning, the balcony where you watch the hills smolder at golden hour—can start to fail the moment the skies decide to turn. Everything here is built for one type of weather. And most of the time it works. But when it doesn’t, it really doesn’t work. L.A. has spent over a century advertising its perfect Mediterranean climate. Now increasingly frequent severe weather events are triggering citywide soul-searching about who deserves protection, what neighborhoods get resources, which elected officials are to blame, and whether the promise of this place still holds. Some parts of L.A. County picked up close to a foot of rain in 10 days in February 2023, leaving more than 80,000 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power customers without power, while unhoused residents faced flooded encampments, freezing nights, and packed shelters. Almost exactly a year later, emergency crews pulled a pregnant, unhoused woman from a storm drain above a raging river. The January 2025 fires in the Palisades and Altadena further exposed the gap between the city we imagine and the one we actually live in. What happens when a city built on the mythology of sublime weather has to finally face how to live with a climate that refuses to stay in line?The Los Angeles myth goes back more than a century: Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce mailed millions of pamphlets eastward, selling Midwestern families on a kingdom of eternal spring. Sunkist built a national brand on winter oranges ripening while Chicago froze. Railroads sponsored booster fiction and postcards promising a life where weather was not an obstacle but an asset. In the dead of winter, “[you could] have a small, five-acre citrus farm and do really well and then hop on the streetcar and go to the beach for the day,” said professor Char Miller, a historian and environmental analysis scholar at Pomona College.Miller has spent decades tracing how this mythology ossified. While the pitch obscured who paid the price—Indigenous communities pushed off their land, Chinese and Japanese residents marginalized or excluded—the promise endured in part because the landscape helped carry it. But for all the valleys, deserts, and coastlines, there were also floods, fires, earthquakes, and landslides: hazards only mentioned in the fine print. There’s an old line Miller heard during his early days on the West Coast in the 1970s: “California is 90 percent paradise, 10 percent apocalypse.” It was something people once said with a kind of wry affection, the same sensibility baked into disaster films that love to see Los Angeles perpetually destroyed. It was the myth of a place that could always be rebuilt, where catastrophe was fleeting and bounty would always return. But that ratio, Miller says, is shifting, leaning more toward calamity. It was nearly midnight in New York when my phone lit up. A friend in Los Angeles was calling to ask if I wanted him to move anything out of my apartment, which had just fallen under an evacuation order while I was back East. Earlier that afternoon, on January 8, West Hollywood had been in the mid-70s—bone-dry, humidity in the 20s. The kind of day that feels ominous if you’ve lived here long enough to know what those numbers mean. By nightfall, another fire was creeping toward Runyon Canyon, the hiking trail so quintessentially L.A. it sometimes has a valet. In the weeks that followed the January fires, the political blame game was relentless. Some went after Mayor Bass, others after Governor Newsom. But the fury felt like a way to avoid the harder truth of a city playing dumb about its own new climate reality.Even while the January fires were still burning, city and state leaders promised to rebuild immediately, suspending regulations that might have slowed development in the very zones that were incinerated. “What that did was to take off the table any kind of transformation that might have slowed down the very things that that fire consumed, which is rapid growth up into fire zones,” Miller said. A recent CalMatters analysis found that nearly four million people in Southern California are living in such hazardous zones.Climate scientist Daniel Swain told me that despite all the finger-pointing after the January fires, the forecast wasn’t the problem. Meteorologists had issued “crystal clear warnings” days ahead of time. The real issue, he suggested, is that Los Angeles still treats climate disasters as if they can be willed away, as if better heroics in the moment could out-muscle physics. “We can’t expect to have a firefighting force that can magically overcome hurricane-force winds amid record dry conditions producing a blizzard of embers in the suburbs,” Swain said. “You just can’t fight that in the moment.”The deeper problem is structural. Southern California is one of the most fire-prone landscapes in the country, and millions now live in or immediately downwind of terrain primed to burn. Many neighborhoods haven’t seen major fire in decades, which feeds the illusion of safety. But growth has pushed suburbs further into the wildland-urban interface just as warming has lengthened fire season, increasing the chances that a Santa Ana wind event arrives when vegetation is crisp and unrecoverably dry. Most years won’t align as catastrophically as January did, Swain noted, but when they do the math is unforgiving.Work has to happen long before the flames arrive. Swain pointed to neighborhoods where community groups had already tackled vegetation management, replaced vulnerable vents, or cleared brush from wooden fences. Those blocks didn’t just fare slightly better, but some avoided becoming ignition points entirely. Fire resilience, he emphasized, is cumulative; every house that doesn’t burn is one less launching pad for embers to race downwind.The fixes aren’t always grand or expensive. Sometimes it’s a few hundred dollars for finer mesh vents that stop embers from blowing into attics. Sometimes it’s ripping out head-high brush along a property line. Sometimes it’s insisting that new construction in fire zones meet tougher standards or retrofitting homes that were built for a climate that no longer exists.Swain sees the January fires as a preview of what strong Santa Ana events will look like going forward. Historically, many of the strongest Santa Ana events came after at least some winter rain. Now that rain is arriving later, meaning more wind events strike when the hills are still crisped from autumn, as was the case in January. But the problem in Los Angeles isn’t just meteorological: It is political, infrastructural, and deeply cultural. Miller likes to point to other parts of the country that faced similar crossroads and chose differently. After catastrophic floods in 1998, San Antonio bought out homeowners in riparian zones rather than sending them back into danger. Houston did something similar after Hurricane Harvey. These weren’t mass seizures or punitive acts; they were buyouts at market rate, voluntary and forward-looking. “What if,” Miller wondered, “you went to people who were burned out in Altadena and the Palisades and said, ‘We’re going to pay you not to rebuild’?” It’s a planner’s maxim—build up, not out—but in Southern California, the political will rarely matches the topographic reality.And yet, amid the devastation, there were signs of another kind of civic instinct. In Altadena, neighbors organized mutual aid networks at local businesses like Octavia’s Bookshelf and Bike Oven, and community leaders helped residents navigate insurance, microloans, and temporary housing. New nonprofits sprang up to support people psychologically and financially. Miller is skeptical of rebuilding policy, but he’s quick to note the human creativity that emerged in the fire’s wake—a kind of grassroots adaptation that government hasn’t yet matched.In May, Miller remembers stepping off a plane at LAX behind someone wearing a leather jacket with two mottos curved across the back: “Never forget” on top, “Rebuild Altadena” on the bottom. “I think the bottom circle erases the top,” Miller said. “If you rebuild, you have already forgotten because you are not paying attention to what happened and why it happened.”

I once lived in an apartment in Los Angeles that flooded every time it rained. Not just a polite drip, either. The ceiling sagged and dripped into long wet ribbons, and the wall beside my desk would bleed water like I was playing out Barton Fink in color. I wonder how that space looks now, as Southern California comes out of a long rain event where the hills above Altadena saw nearly nine inches at the site of January’s Eaton fire, between November 14 and November 21. People love to talk about tanned and toned Dallas Raines, the veteran KABC meteorologist who can summon high drama from a passing low-pressure system. Or the obligatory SUV hydroplaning down the 5 Freeway. In L.A., weather banter is its own civic dialect. We rarely admit how fragile the physical city really is, and how the very places that frame our daily lives—the courtyard where you catch the first blue of morning, the balcony where you watch the hills smolder at golden hour—can start to fail the moment the skies decide to turn. Everything here is built for one type of weather. And most of the time it works. But when it doesn’t, it really doesn’t work. L.A. has spent over a century advertising its perfect Mediterranean climate. Now increasingly frequent severe weather events are triggering citywide soul-searching about who deserves protection, what neighborhoods get resources, which elected officials are to blame, and whether the promise of this place still holds. Some parts of L.A. County picked up close to a foot of rain in 10 days in February 2023, leaving more than 80,000 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power customers without power, while unhoused residents faced flooded encampments, freezing nights, and packed shelters. Almost exactly a year later, emergency crews pulled a pregnant, unhoused woman from a storm drain above a raging river. The January 2025 fires in the Palisades and Altadena further exposed the gap between the city we imagine and the one we actually live in. What happens when a city built on the mythology of sublime weather has to finally face how to live with a climate that refuses to stay in line?The Los Angeles myth goes back more than a century: Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce mailed millions of pamphlets eastward, selling Midwestern families on a kingdom of eternal spring. Sunkist built a national brand on winter oranges ripening while Chicago froze. Railroads sponsored booster fiction and postcards promising a life where weather was not an obstacle but an asset. In the dead of winter, “[you could] have a small, five-acre citrus farm and do really well and then hop on the streetcar and go to the beach for the day,” said professor Char Miller, a historian and environmental analysis scholar at Pomona College.Miller has spent decades tracing how this mythology ossified. While the pitch obscured who paid the price—Indigenous communities pushed off their land, Chinese and Japanese residents marginalized or excluded—the promise endured in part because the landscape helped carry it. But for all the valleys, deserts, and coastlines, there were also floods, fires, earthquakes, and landslides: hazards only mentioned in the fine print. There’s an old line Miller heard during his early days on the West Coast in the 1970s: “California is 90 percent paradise, 10 percent apocalypse.” It was something people once said with a kind of wry affection, the same sensibility baked into disaster films that love to see Los Angeles perpetually destroyed. It was the myth of a place that could always be rebuilt, where catastrophe was fleeting and bounty would always return. But that ratio, Miller says, is shifting, leaning more toward calamity. It was nearly midnight in New York when my phone lit up. A friend in Los Angeles was calling to ask if I wanted him to move anything out of my apartment, which had just fallen under an evacuation order while I was back East. Earlier that afternoon, on January 8, West Hollywood had been in the mid-70s—bone-dry, humidity in the 20s. The kind of day that feels ominous if you’ve lived here long enough to know what those numbers mean. By nightfall, another fire was creeping toward Runyon Canyon, the hiking trail so quintessentially L.A. it sometimes has a valet. In the weeks that followed the January fires, the political blame game was relentless. Some went after Mayor Bass, others after Governor Newsom. But the fury felt like a way to avoid the harder truth of a city playing dumb about its own new climate reality.Even while the January fires were still burning, city and state leaders promised to rebuild immediately, suspending regulations that might have slowed development in the very zones that were incinerated. “What that did was to take off the table any kind of transformation that might have slowed down the very things that that fire consumed, which is rapid growth up into fire zones,” Miller said. A recent CalMatters analysis found that nearly four million people in Southern California are living in such hazardous zones.Climate scientist Daniel Swain told me that despite all the finger-pointing after the January fires, the forecast wasn’t the problem. Meteorologists had issued “crystal clear warnings” days ahead of time. The real issue, he suggested, is that Los Angeles still treats climate disasters as if they can be willed away, as if better heroics in the moment could out-muscle physics. “We can’t expect to have a firefighting force that can magically overcome hurricane-force winds amid record dry conditions producing a blizzard of embers in the suburbs,” Swain said. “You just can’t fight that in the moment.”The deeper problem is structural. Southern California is one of the most fire-prone landscapes in the country, and millions now live in or immediately downwind of terrain primed to burn. Many neighborhoods haven’t seen major fire in decades, which feeds the illusion of safety. But growth has pushed suburbs further into the wildland-urban interface just as warming has lengthened fire season, increasing the chances that a Santa Ana wind event arrives when vegetation is crisp and unrecoverably dry. Most years won’t align as catastrophically as January did, Swain noted, but when they do the math is unforgiving.Work has to happen long before the flames arrive. Swain pointed to neighborhoods where community groups had already tackled vegetation management, replaced vulnerable vents, or cleared brush from wooden fences. Those blocks didn’t just fare slightly better, but some avoided becoming ignition points entirely. Fire resilience, he emphasized, is cumulative; every house that doesn’t burn is one less launching pad for embers to race downwind.The fixes aren’t always grand or expensive. Sometimes it’s a few hundred dollars for finer mesh vents that stop embers from blowing into attics. Sometimes it’s ripping out head-high brush along a property line. Sometimes it’s insisting that new construction in fire zones meet tougher standards or retrofitting homes that were built for a climate that no longer exists.Swain sees the January fires as a preview of what strong Santa Ana events will look like going forward. Historically, many of the strongest Santa Ana events came after at least some winter rain. Now that rain is arriving later, meaning more wind events strike when the hills are still crisped from autumn, as was the case in January. But the problem in Los Angeles isn’t just meteorological: It is political, infrastructural, and deeply cultural. Miller likes to point to other parts of the country that faced similar crossroads and chose differently. After catastrophic floods in 1998, San Antonio bought out homeowners in riparian zones rather than sending them back into danger. Houston did something similar after Hurricane Harvey. These weren’t mass seizures or punitive acts; they were buyouts at market rate, voluntary and forward-looking. “What if,” Miller wondered, “you went to people who were burned out in Altadena and the Palisades and said, ‘We’re going to pay you not to rebuild’?” It’s a planner’s maxim—build up, not out—but in Southern California, the political will rarely matches the topographic reality.And yet, amid the devastation, there were signs of another kind of civic instinct. In Altadena, neighbors organized mutual aid networks at local businesses like Octavia’s Bookshelf and Bike Oven, and community leaders helped residents navigate insurance, microloans, and temporary housing. New nonprofits sprang up to support people psychologically and financially. Miller is skeptical of rebuilding policy, but he’s quick to note the human creativity that emerged in the fire’s wake—a kind of grassroots adaptation that government hasn’t yet matched.In May, Miller remembers stepping off a plane at LAX behind someone wearing a leather jacket with two mottos curved across the back: “Never forget” on top, “Rebuild Altadena” on the bottom. “I think the bottom circle erases the top,” Miller said. “If you rebuild, you have already forgotten because you are not paying attention to what happened and why it happened.”

Deadly Asian Floods Are No Fluke. They’re a Climate Warning, Scientists Say

Southeast Asia has been hit by unusually severe floods this year, with late storms killing more than 1,200 people and leaving hundreds missing across Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand

HANOI, Vietnam (AP) — Southeast Asia is being pummeled by unusually severe floods this year, as late-arriving storms and relentless rains wreak havoc that has caught many places off guard.Malaysia is still reeling from one its worst floods, which killed three and displaced thousands. Meanwhile, Vietnam and the Philippines have faced a year of punishing storms and floods that have left hundreds dead.What feels unprecedented is exactly what climate scientists expect: A new normal of punishing storms, floods and devastation.“Southeast Asia should brace for a likely continuation and potential worsening of extreme weather in 2026 and for many years immediately following that," said Jemilah Mahmood, who leads the think tank Sunway Centre for Planetary Health in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Asia is facing the full force of the climate crisis Climate patterns last year helped set the stage for 2025's extreme weather.Atmospheric levels of heat-trapping carbon dioxide jumped by the most on record in 2024. That “turbocharged” the climate, the United Nation's World Meteorological Organization says, resulting in more extreme weather.Asia is bearing the brunt of such changes, warming nearly twice as fast as the global average. Scientists agree that the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are increasing.Warmer ocean temperatures provide more energy for storms, making them stronger and wetter, while rising sea levels amplify storm surges, said Benjamin Horton, a professor of earth science at the City University of Hong Kong. Storms are arriving later in the year, one after another as climate change affects air and ocean currents, including systems like El Nino, which keeps ocean waters warmer for longer and extends the typhoon season. With more moisture in the air and changes in wind patterns, storms can form quickly.“While the total number of storms may not dramatically increase, their severity and unpredictability will," Horton said. Governments were unprepared The unpredictability, intensity, and frequency of recent extreme weather events are overwhelming Southeast Asian governments, said Aslam Perwaiz of the Bangkok-based intergovernmental Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. He attributes that to a tendency to focus on responding to disasters rather than preparing for them.“Future disasters will give us even less lead time to prepare," Perwaiz warned.In Sri Lanka’s hardest-hit provinces, little has changed since 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, said Sarala Emmanuel, a human-rights researcher in Batticaloa. It killed 230,000 people. "When a disaster like this happens, the poor and marginalized communities are the worst affected,” Emmanuel said. That includes poor tea plantation workers living in areas prone to landslides. Unregulated development that damages local ecosystems has worsened flood damage, said Sandun Thudugala of the Colombo-based non-profit Law and Society Trust. Sri Lanka needs to rethink how it builds and plans, he said, taking into account a future where extreme weather is the norm.Videos of logs swept downstream in Indonesia suggested deforestation may have made the floods worse. Since 2000, the flood-inundated Indonesian provinces of Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra have lost 19,600 square kilometers (7,569 square miles) of forest, an area larger than the state of New Jersey, according to Global Forest Watch.Officials rejected claims of illegal logging, saying the timber looked old and probably came from landholders. Billions are lost, while climate finance is limited Countries are losing billions of dollars a year because of climate change.Vietnam estimates that it lost over $3 billion in the first 11 months of this year because of floods, landslides and storms. Thailand's government data is fragmented, but its agriculture ministry estimates about $47 million in agricultural losses since August. The Kasikorn Research Center estimates the November floods in southern Thailand alone caused about $781 million in losses, potentially shaving off 0.1% of GDP.Indonesia doesn't have data for losses for this year but its annual average losses from natural disasters are $1.37 billion, its finance ministry says. Costs from disasters are an added burden for Sri Lanka, which contributes a tiny fraction of global carbon emissions but is at the frontline of climate impacts, while it spends most of its wealth to repay foreign loans, said Thudugala. "There is also an urgent need for vulnerable countries like ours to get compensated for loss and damages we suffer because of global warming,” Thudugala said.“My request ... is support to recover some of the losses we have suffered,” said Rohan Wickramarachchi, owner of a commercial building in the central Sri Lankan town of Peradeniya that was flooded to its second floor. He and dozens of other families he knows must now start over. Responding to increasingly desperate calls for help, at the COP30 global climate conference last month in Brazil, countries pledged to triple funding for climate adaptation and make $1.3 trillion in annual climate financing available by 2035. That’s still woefully short of what developing nations requested, and it's unclear if those funds will actually materialize.Southeast Asia is at a crossroads for climate action, said Thomas Houlie of the science and policy institute, Climate Analytics. The region is expanding use of renewable energy but still reliant on fossil fuels.“What we’re seeing in the region is dramatic and it’s unfortunately a stark reminder of the consequences of the climate crisis," Houlie said.Delgado reported from Bangkok. Associated Press writers Edna Tarigan in Jakarta, Indonesia, Jintamas Saksornchai in Bangkok, Thailand, Sibi Arasu in Bengaluru, India, Eranga Jayawardena in Kandy, Sri Lanka, and Eileen Ng in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, contributed to this report.The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. The AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See – Nov. 2025

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