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Deer Park Shell chemical plant flaring that started Thursday still active, could last days longer

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Monday, March 25, 2024

Gregory Bull/APFILE: Thursday, Aug. 31, 2017, a flame burns at the Shell Deer Park oil refinery in Deer Park, Texas.Flaring at a Shell chemical plant in Deer Park that started after a power outage around 3:45 p.m. Thursday was still going on Monday morning, and could last days longer, according to the Deer Park Office of Emergency Management. In a statement Friday, Shell said it’s taking steps to minimize any noise, light or smoke associated with the flaring activity that’s expected to last until power is fully restored. An Environmental Duty Representative at Shell Deer Park said there is no threat to community members or industry neighbors. “As you know, the flares play a key role in keeping our planet safe,” according to Shell. “Once flared, the hydrocarbon has been safely treated and potential emissions have been reduced by at least 98 percent. We want to apologize for any inconveniences this activity may cause.” “The flares are currently very high in the air, which means there is low risk for contaminants to reach the community,” County Judge Lina Hidalgo said in a statement.” Hidalgo said the Harris County Office of Emergency Management and Pollution Control are continuing to monitor the situation, despite having unanswered questions surrounding it. “Unfortunately, Harris County Pollution Control has not received specific answers as to which chemicals are involved in the incident or why the flaring will last so long,” Hidalgo said. “Although that disclosure is not required by state law, Shell owes it to our community to let our regulatory department know which chemicals are being released.” Flaring during an emergency is normally a good sign that emergency systems are working as they should, and burning materials that would otherwise be released into the community, but flaring incidents still have physical and mental impacts on nearby communities, she said. “We also don’t want to accept incidents like this as ‘business as usual,” Hidalgo said. “We are doing everything in our power to understand what the potential impact to the community might be.”

Flaring during an emergency is normally a good sign that emergency systems are working as they should, and burning materials that would otherwise be released into the community, but flaring incidents still have physical and mental impacts on nearby communities, County Judge Lina Hidalgo said.

Flaring at a Shell chemical plant in Deer Park that started after a power outage around 3:45 p.m. Thursday was still going on Monday morning, and could last days longer, according to the Deer Park Office of Emergency Management.

In a statement Friday, Shell said it’s taking steps to minimize any noise, light or smoke associated with the flaring activity that’s expected to last until power is fully restored. An Environmental Duty Representative at Shell Deer Park said there is no threat to community members or industry neighbors.

“As you know, the flares play a key role in keeping our planet safe,” according to Shell. “Once flared, the hydrocarbon has been safely treated and potential emissions have been reduced by at least 98 percent. We want to apologize for any inconveniences this activity may cause.”

“The flares are currently very high in the air, which means there is low risk for contaminants to reach the community,” County Judge Lina Hidalgo said in a statement.”

Hidalgo said the Harris County Office of Emergency Management and Pollution Control are continuing to monitor the situation, despite having unanswered questions surrounding it.

“Unfortunately, Harris County Pollution Control has not received specific answers as to which chemicals are involved in the incident or why the flaring will last so long,” Hidalgo said. “Although that disclosure is not required by state law, Shell owes it to our community to let our regulatory department know which chemicals are being released.”

“We also don’t want to accept incidents like this as ‘business as usual,” Hidalgo said. “We are doing everything in our power to understand what the potential impact to the community might be.”

Read the full story here.

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The toxic trouble with tires, for salmon and fish kills

A chemical called 6PPD, which is added to rubber tires, is released when tires hit pavement. It reacts with ozone to become a different chemical, 6PPD-q, which can be extremely toxic — so much so that it has been linked to repeated fish kills in Washington state.

For decades, concerns about automobile pollution have focused on what comes out of the tailpipe. Now, researchers and regulators say, we need to pay more attention to toxic emissions from tires as vehicles roll down the road.At the top of the list of worries is a chemical called 6PPD, which is added to rubber tires to help them last longer. When tires wear on pavement, 6PPD is released. It reacts with ozone to become a different chemical, 6PPD-q, which can be extremely toxic — so much so that it has been linked to repeated fish kills in Washington state.The trouble with tires doesn’t stop there. Tires are made primarily of natural rubber and synthetic rubber, but they contain hundreds of other ingredients, often including steel and heavy metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc.As car tires wear, the rubber disappears in particles, both bits that can be seen with the naked eye and microparticles. Testing by a British company, Emissions Analytics, found that a car’s tires emit 1 trillion ultrafine particles per kilometer driven — from 5 to 9 pounds of rubber per internal combustion car per year.And what’s in those particles is a mystery, because tire ingredients are proprietary.“You’ve got a chemical cocktail in these tires that no one really understands and is kept highly confidential by the tire manufacturers,” said Nick Molden, CEO of Emissions Analytics. “We struggle to think of another consumer product that is so prevalent in the world and used by virtually everyone, where there is so little known of what is in them.”Regulators have only begun to address the toxic tire problem, though there has been some action on 6PPD.The chemical was identified by a team of researchers, led by scientists at Washington State University and the University of Washington, who were trying to determine why coho salmon returning to Seattle-area creeks to spawn were dying in large numbers.Working for the Washington Stormwater Center, the scientists tested some 2,000 substances to determine which one was causing the die-offs, and in 2020 they announced they’d found the culprit: 6PPD.The Yurok Tribe in Northern California, along with two other West Coast Native American tribes, have petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency to prohibit the chemical. The EPA said it is considering new rules governing the chemical. “We could not sit idle while 6PPD kills the fish that sustain us,” said Joseph L. James, chairman of the Yurok Tribe, in a statement. “This lethal toxin has no place in any salmon-bearing watershed.”California has begun taking steps to regulate the chemical, last year classifying tires containing it as a “priority product,” which requires manufacturers to search for and test substitutes.“6PPD plays a crucial role in the safety of tires on California’s roads and, currently, there are no widely available safer alternatives,” said Karl Palmer, a deputy director at the state’s Department of Toxic Substances Control. “For this reason, our framework is ideally suited for identifying alternatives to 6PPD that ensure the continued safety of tires on California’s roads while protecting California’s fish populations and the communities that rely on them.”The U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association says it has mobilized a consortium of 16 tire manufacturers to carry out an analysis of alternatives. Anne Forristall Luke, USTMA president and CEO, said it “will yield the most effective and exhaustive review possible of whether a safer alternative to 6PPD in tires currently exists.”Molden, however, said there is a catch. “If they don’t investigate, they aren’t allowed to sell in the state of California,” he said. “If they investigate and don’t find an alternative, they can go on selling. They don’t have to find a substitute. And today there is no alternative to 6PPD.”California is also studying a request by the California Stormwater Quality Association to classify tires containing zinc, a heavy metal, as a priority product, requiring manufacturers to search for an alternative. Zinc is used in the vulcanization process to increase the strength of the rubber.When it comes to tire particles, though, there hasn’t been any action, even as the problem worsens with the proliferation of electric cars. Because of their quicker acceleration and greater torque, electric vehicles wear out tires faster and emit an estimated 20% more tire particles than the average gas-powered car.A recent study in Southern California found tire and brake emissions in Anaheim accounted for 30% of PM2.5, a small-particulate air pollutant, while exhaust emissions accounted for 19%. Tests by Emissions Analytics have found that tires produce up to 2,000 times as much particle pollution by mass as tailpipes.These particles end up in water and air and are often ingested. Ultrafine particles, even smaller than PM2.5, are also emitted by tires and can be inhaled and travel directly to the brain. New research suggests tire microparticles should be classified as a pollutant of “high concern.”In a report issued last year, researchers at Imperial College London said the particles could affect the heart, lungs, and reproductive organs and cause cancer.People who live or work along roadways, often low-income, are exposed to more of the toxic substances.Tires are also a major source of microplastics. More than three-quarters of microplastics entering the ocean come from the synthetic rubber in tires, according to a report from the Pew Charitable Trusts and the British company Systemiq.And there are still a great many unknowns in tire emissions, which can be especially complex to analyze because heat and pressure can transform tire ingredients into other compounds.One outstanding research question is whether 6PPD-q affects people, and what health problems, if any, it could cause. A recent study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters found high levels of the chemical in urine samples from a region of South China, with levels highest in pregnant women.The discovery of 6PPD-q, Molden said, has sparked fresh interest in the health and environmental impacts of tires, and he expects an abundance of new research in the coming years. “The jigsaw pieces are coming together,” he said. “But it’s a thousand-piece jigsaw, not a 200-piece jigsaw.”California Healthline is a service of the California Health Care Foundation produced by KFF Health News, an editorially independent program of the KFF.

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Opinion: Houston's petrochemical exports fuel Europe's growing plastics crisis

Europe grapples with escalating plastic pollution, driven by petrochemical imports from Texas. A recent report by Amnesty International shows how some of these imported petrochemical products are linked to environmental racism, and calls for more stringent rules to restrict the proliferation of polluting plastics. Alysha Khambay writes in euobserver.In short:European shores are increasingly littered with plastic pellets, causing environmental emergencies and threats to marine life.Petrochemicals linked to human rights abuses in Texas are contaminating Europe's plastic supply, with European companies implicated.New EU rules and a potential UN plastics treaty aim to tackle the entire lifecycle of plastics, highlighting the need for global accountability in the industry.Key quote: "Combined with a tough new UN plastics treaty, the new EU directive could help turn the tide against plastics in Europe – which can’t come soon enough for the continent’s beaches, bottle-blighted rivers, and all those communities suffering at the hands of the plastics and fossil fuel industries." — Alysha Khambay, report author and researcher at Amnesty InternationalWhy this matters: The involvement of European companies in harmful practices abroad punctuates the urgency for stringent international regulations to safeguard health outcomes and mitigate widespread environmental damage. Read more: Texas has more chemical emergencies than any other state and they’re disproportionately affecting Latino communities.Learn more about the UN plastics treaty talks happening in Ottawa this week.

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Puzzling Scientists for Over 50 Years – A “Holy Grail” Chemical Mystery Has Been Solved

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Researchers have solved a 50-year-old mystery about why organic matter in water resists degradation, finding that the oxidative dearomatization reaction transforms biomolecules into stable, diverse forms, significantly impacting global carbon cycles.A mystery that has puzzled the scientific community for over 50 years has finally been solved. A team from Linköping University, Sweden, and Helmholtz Munich have discovered that a certain type of chemical reaction can explain why organic matter found in rivers and lakes is so resistant to degradation. Their study has been published in the journal Nature.“This has been the holy grail within my field of research for over 50 years,” says Norbert Hertkorn, a scientist in analytical chemistry previously at Helmholtz Munich and currently at Linköping University.Let us take it from the beginning. When, for example, a leaf detaches from a tree and falls to the ground, it begins to break down immediately. Before the leaf decomposes, it consists of a few thousand distinct biomolecules; molecules that can be found in most living matter. The decomposition of the leaf occurs in several phases. Insects and microorganisms begin to consume it, while sunlight and humidity affect the leaf, causing further breakdown. Eventually, the molecules from the decomposed leaf are washed into rivers, lakes, and oceans.Chemical Transformation Mystery UnraveledHowever, at this point, the thousands of known biomolecules have been transformed into millions of very different-looking molecules with complex and typically unknown structures. This dramatic chemical transformation process has remained a mystery that has confounded researchers for over half a century, until now.David Bastviken, professor of environmental change at Linköping University, Sweden. Credit: Charlotte Perhammar“Now we can elucidate how a couple of thousand molecules in living matter can give rise to millions of different molecules that rapidly become very resistant to further degradation,” says Norbert Hertkorn.The team discovered that a specific type of reaction, known as oxidative dearomatization, is behind the mystery. Although this reaction has long been studied and applied extensively in pharmaceutical synthesis, its natural occurrence remained unexplored.In the study, the researchers showed that oxidative dearomatization changes the three-dimensional structure of some biomolecule components, which in turn can activate a cascade of subsequent and differentiated reactions, resulting in millions of diverse molecules.Study Findings and TechniquesScientists previously believed that the path to dissolved organic matter involved a slow process with many sequential reactions. However, the current study suggests that the transformation occurs relatively quickly.The team examined dissolved organic matter from four tributaries of the Amazon River and two lakes in Sweden. They employed a technique called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to analyze the structure of millions of diverse molecules. Remarkably, regardless of the climate, the fundamental structure of the dissolved organic matter remained consistent.“Key to the findings was the unconventional use of NMR in ways allowing studies of the deep interior of large dissolved organic molecules – thereby mapping and quantifying the chemical surroundings around the carbon atoms,” explains Siyu Li, a scientist at the Helmholtz Zentrum and lead author of the study.In biomolecules, carbon atoms can be connected to four other atoms, most often to hydrogen or oxygen. However, to the team’s surprise, a very high fraction of the organic carbon atoms was not connected to any hydrogen but instead primarily to other carbon atoms. Particularly intriguing was the large number of carbon atoms bound specifically to three other carbons and one oxygen atom, a structure being very rare in biomolecules.According to David Bastviken, professor of environmental change at Linköping University, this renders the organic matter stable, allowing it to persist for a long time and preventing it from rapidly returning to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane.“This discovery helps explain the substantial organic carbon sinks on our planet, which reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,” says David Bastviken.Reference: “Dearomatization drives complexity generation in freshwater organic matter” by Siyu Li, Mourad Harir, David Bastviken, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Michael Gonsior, Alex Enrich-Prast, Juliana Valle and Norbert Hertkorn, 24 April 2024, Nature.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07210-9Funding: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Vetenskapsrådet, European Research Counci

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The following essay is reprinted with permission from The Conversation, an online publication covering the latest research.Chemists invented PFAS in the 1930s to make life easier: Nonstick pans, waterproof clothing, grease-resistant food packaging and stain-resistant carpet were all made possible by PFAS. But in recent years, the growing number of health risks found to be connected to these chemicalshas become increasingly alarming.PFAS – perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances – are now either suspected or known to contribute to thyroid disease, elevated cholesterol, liver damage and cancer, among other health issues.On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.They can be found in the blood of most Americans and in many drinking water systems, which is why the Environmental Protection Agency in April 2024 finalized the first enforceable federal limits for six types of PFAS in drinking water systems. The limits – between 4 and 10 parts per trillion for PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA and GenX – are less than a drop of water in a thousand Olympic-sized swimming pools, which speaks to the chemicals’ toxicity. The sixth type, PFBS, is regulated as a mixture using what’s known as a hazard index.Meeting these new limits won’t be easy or cheap. And there’s another problem: While PFAS can be filtered out of water, these “forever chemicals” are hard to destroy.My team at the University of Notre Dame works on solving problems involving contaminants in water systems, including PFAS. We explore new technologies to remove PFAS from drinking water and to handle the PFAS waste. Here’s a glimpse of the magnitude of the challenge and ways you can reduce PFAS in your own drinking water:Removing PFAS will cost billions per yearEvery five years, the EPA is required to choose 30 unregulated contaminants to monitor in public drinking water systems. Right now, 29 of those 30 contaminants are PFAS. The tests provide a sense of just how widespread PFAS are in water systems and where.The EPA has taken over 22,500 samples from about 3,800 of the 154,000 public drinking water systems in the U.S. In 22% of those water systems, its testing found at least one of the six newly regulated PFAS, and about 16% of the systems exceeded the new standards. East Coast states had the largest percentage of systems with PFAS levels exceeding the new standards in EPA tests conducted so far.Under the new EPA rules, public water systems have until 2027 to complete monitoring for PFAS and provide publicly available data. If they find PFAS at concentrations that exceed the new limits, then they must install a treatment system by 2029.How much that will cost public water systems, and ultimately their customers, is still a big unknown, but it won’t be cheap.The EPA estimated the cost to the nation’s public drinking water systems to comply with the news rules at about US$1.5 billion per year. But other estimates suggest the total costs of testing and cleaning up PFAS contamination will be much higher. 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But public water systems will still bear additional costs, and those costs will be passed on to residents.Next problem: Disposing of ‘forever chemicals’Another big question is how to dispose of the captured PFAS once they have been filtered out.Landfills are being considered, but that just pushes the problem to the next generation. PFAS are known as “forever chemicals” for a reason – they are incredibly resilient and don’t break down naturally, so they are hard to destroy.Studies have shown that PFAS can be broken down with energy-intensive technologies. But this comes with steep costs. Incinerators must reach over 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit (1,000 Celsius)to destroy PFAS, and the possibility of creating potentially harmful byproducts is not yet well understood. Other suggested techniques, such as supercritical water oxidation or plasma reactors, have the same drawbacks.So who is responsible for managing that PFAS waste? Ultimately the responsibility will likely fall on public drinking water systems.The EPA on April 19, 2024, designated PFOA and PFOS as eligible contaminants for Superfund status, which means companies that are responsible for contaminating sites with those chemicals can be required to pay for cleanup. However, the EPA said it did not intend to go after wastewater treatment plants or public landfills.Steps to protect your home from PFASYour first instinct might be to use bottled water to try to avoid PFAS exposures, but a recent study found that even bottled water can contain these chemicals. And bottled water is regulated by a different federal agency, the Food and Drug Administration, which has no standards for PFAS.Your best option is to rely on the same technologies that treatment facilities will be using:Activated carbon is similar to charcoal. Like a sponge, it will capture the PFAS, removing it from the water. This is the same technology in refrigerator filters and in some water pitcher filters, like Brita or PUR. Note that many refrigerator manufacture’s filters are not certified for PFAS, so don’t assume they will remove PFAS to safe levels.Ion exchange resin is the same technology found in many home water softeners. Like activated carbon, it captures PFAS from the water, and you can find this technology in many pitcher filter products. If you opt for a whole house treatment system, which a plumber can attach where the water enters the house, ion exchange resin is probably the best choice. But it is expensive.Reverse osmosis is a membrane technology that only allows water and select compounds to pass through the membrane, while PFAS are blocked. This is commonly installed at the kitchen sink and has been found to be very effective at removing most PFAS in water. It is not practical for whole house treatment, but it is likely to remove a lot of other contaminants as well.If you have a private well instead of a public drinking water system, that doesn’t mean you’re safe from PFAS exposure. Wisconsin’s Department of Natural Resources estimates that 71% of shallow private wells in that state have some level of PFAS contamination. Using a certified laboratory to test well water for PFAS can run $300-$600 per sample, a cost barrier that will leave many private well owners in the dark.For all the treatment options, make sure the device you choose is certified for PFAS by a reputable testing agency, and follow the recommended schedule for maintenance and filter replacement. Unfortunately, there is currently no safe way to dispose of the filters, so they go in the trash. No treatment option is perfect, and none is likely to remove all PFAS down to safe levels, but some treatment is better than none.This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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GoGreenNation news

Deer Park Shell chemical plant flaring that started Thursday still active, could last days longer

Related News

The toxic trouble with tires, for salmon and fish kills

We are all contaminated with plastic, a test reveals

Opinion: Houston's petrochemical exports fuel Europe's growing plastics crisis

Puzzling Scientists for Over 50 Years – A “Holy Grail” Chemical Mystery Has Been Solved

How to Filter Out Harmful ‘Forever Chemicals’ at Home

Suggested Viewing

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Lead in the Land

The Story of Plastic

928 The Threat Continues...

Unacceptable Risk: Dr. Margaret Kripke on Cancer and the Environment

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a sustainable future

sign up for our mailing list to stay informed on the latest films and environmental headlines.

Cookies help us run our site more efficiently.

Deer Park Shell chemical plant flaring that started Thursday still active, could last days longer

Related News

The toxic trouble with tires, for salmon and fish kills

We are all contaminated with plastic, a test reveals

Opinion: Houston's petrochemical exports fuel Europe's growing plastics crisis

Puzzling Scientists for Over 50 Years – A “Holy Grail” Chemical Mystery Has Been Solved

How to Filter Out Harmful ‘Forever Chemicals’ at Home

Suggested Viewing

Toxic Business

Lead in the Land

The Story of Plastic

928 The Threat Continues...

Unacceptable Risk: Dr. Margaret Kripke on Cancer and the Environment

Join us to forgea sustainable future

sign up for our mailing list to stay informed on the latest films and environmental headlines.

Join us to forge
a sustainable future