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Ian Waitz named vice president for research

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Wednesday, April 24, 2024

In a letter to the MIT community today, President Sally Kornbluth announced the appointment of Ian A. Waitz to the position of vice president for research. In the role, Waitz will report to the president and oversee MIT’s vast research enterprise. The appointment is effective May 1. Waitz, who is also the Jerome C. Hunsaker Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, brings deep knowledge of MIT to the position. Over more than 30 years, he has served in a wide range of roles across the Institute, where he has made his mark through energy, optimism, persistence, and a commitment to MIT’s mission of using education and innovation to create a better world. “Ian brings a rare range and depth of understanding of MIT’s research and educational enterprise, our daily operations, our institutional challenges and opportunities, our history and our values — and an unmatched record of solving hard problems and getting big, high-stakes things done well,” Kornbluth wrote.  “MIT’s research enterprise is a critical part of our mission, not just for the impact that innovation and discovery have on the world, but also for the way it enables us to educate people by giving them problems that no one else has ever solved before,” Waitz says. “That builds a sort of intellectual capacity and resilience to work on really hard problems, and the nation and the world need us to work on hard problems.” Waitz will step down from his current role as vice chancellor overseeing undergraduate and graduate education, where he was instrumental in advancing the priorities of the Chancellor’s Office, currently led by Melissa Nobles. In that role, which he has held since 2017, Waitz worked with students, faculty, and staff from across the Institute to revamp the first-year undergraduate academic experience, helped steer the Institute through the Covid-19 pandemic, and led efforts to respond to graduate student unionization. Waitz also led a strategic restructuring to integrate the former offices of the Dean for Undergraduate Education and the Dean for Graduate Education, creating the Office of the Vice Chancellor and leading to a more aligned and efficient organization. And, he spearheaded projects to expand professional development opportunities for graduate students, created the MIT Undergraduate Advising Center, worked to significantly expand undergraduate financial aid, and broadly expanded support for graduate students. “I think my experience gives me a unique perspective on research and education at MIT,” Waitz says. “Education is obviously an amazing part of MIT, and working with students bridges education and the research. That’s one of the things that’s special about a research university. I’m excited for this new role and to continue to work to further strengthen MIT’s exceptional research enterprise.” Waitz will be filling a role previously held by Maria Zuber, the E. A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics, who now serves as MIT’s presidential advisor for science and technology policy. Waitz says he’s eager to dive in and work to identify ways to help MIT’s prolific research engine run more smoothly. The move is just the latest example of Waitz leaning into new opportunities in service to MIT. Prior to assuming his current role as vice chancellor, Waitz served as the dean of the School of Engineering between 2011 and 2017, supporting the school’s ability to attract and support exceptional students and faculty. He oversaw the launch of programs including the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society (IDSS), the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), the Sandbox Innovation Fund, and the MIT Beaver Works program with Lincoln Laboratory. He also strengthened co-curricular and enrichment programs for undergraduate and graduate students, and worked with department heads to offer more flexible degrees. Prior to that, Waitz served as the head of MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where he has been a faculty member since 1991. His research focuses on developing technological, operational, and policy options to mitigate the environmental impacts of aviation. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and has worked closely with industry and government throughout his career. “One lesson I’ve learned is that the greatest strength of MIT is our students, faculty, and staff,” Waitz says. “We identify people who are real intellectual entrepreneurs. Those are the people that really thrive here, and what you want to do is create a low-friction, high-resource environment for them. Amazing things bubble up from that.”

The former vice chancellor for undergraduate and graduate education will leverage more than 30 years of experience at the Institute to oversee MIT’s research activities.

In a letter to the MIT community today, President Sally Kornbluth announced the appointment of Ian A. Waitz to the position of vice president for research. In the role, Waitz will report to the president and oversee MIT’s vast research enterprise. The appointment is effective May 1.

Waitz, who is also the Jerome C. Hunsaker Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, brings deep knowledge of MIT to the position. Over more than 30 years, he has served in a wide range of roles across the Institute, where he has made his mark through energy, optimism, persistence, and a commitment to MIT’s mission of using education and innovation to create a better world.

“Ian brings a rare range and depth of understanding of MIT’s research and educational enterprise, our daily operations, our institutional challenges and opportunities, our history and our values — and an unmatched record of solving hard problems and getting big, high-stakes things done well,” Kornbluth wrote. 

“MIT’s research enterprise is a critical part of our mission, not just for the impact that innovation and discovery have on the world, but also for the way it enables us to educate people by giving them problems that no one else has ever solved before,” Waitz says. “That builds a sort of intellectual capacity and resilience to work on really hard problems, and the nation and the world need us to work on hard problems.”

Waitz will step down from his current role as vice chancellor overseeing undergraduate and graduate education, where he was instrumental in advancing the priorities of the Chancellor’s Office, currently led by Melissa Nobles.

In that role, which he has held since 2017, Waitz worked with students, faculty, and staff from across the Institute to revamp the first-year undergraduate academic experience, helped steer the Institute through the Covid-19 pandemic, and led efforts to respond to graduate student unionization. Waitz also led a strategic restructuring to integrate the former offices of the Dean for Undergraduate Education and the Dean for Graduate Education, creating the Office of the Vice Chancellor and leading to a more aligned and efficient organization. And, he spearheaded projects to expand professional development opportunities for graduate students, created the MIT Undergraduate Advising Center, worked to significantly expand undergraduate financial aid, and broadly expanded support for graduate students.

“I think my experience gives me a unique perspective on research and education at MIT,” Waitz says. “Education is obviously an amazing part of MIT, and working with students bridges education and the research. That’s one of the things that’s special about a research university. I’m excited for this new role and to continue to work to further strengthen MIT’s exceptional research enterprise.”

Waitz will be filling a role previously held by Maria Zuber, the E. A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics, who now serves as MIT’s presidential advisor for science and technology policy. Waitz says he’s eager to dive in and work to identify ways to help MIT’s prolific research engine run more smoothly. The move is just the latest example of Waitz leaning into new opportunities in service to MIT.

Prior to assuming his current role as vice chancellor, Waitz served as the dean of the School of Engineering between 2011 and 2017, supporting the school’s ability to attract and support exceptional students and faculty. He oversaw the launch of programs including the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society (IDSS), the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), the Sandbox Innovation Fund, and the MIT Beaver Works program with Lincoln Laboratory. He also strengthened co-curricular and enrichment programs for undergraduate and graduate students, and worked with department heads to offer more flexible degrees.

Prior to that, Waitz served as the head of MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where he has been a faculty member since 1991. His research focuses on developing technological, operational, and policy options to mitigate the environmental impacts of aviation. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and has worked closely with industry and government throughout his career.

“One lesson I’ve learned is that the greatest strength of MIT is our students, faculty, and staff,” Waitz says. “We identify people who are real intellectual entrepreneurs. Those are the people that really thrive here, and what you want to do is create a low-friction, high-resource environment for them. Amazing things bubble up from that.”

Read the full story here.
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Rewiring the Brain: Poverty Linked With Neurological Changes That Affect Behavior, Illness, and Development

Research connects low socioeconomic status to brain alterations impacting educational achievement, mental health, and language development. What influences mental health, academic achievement, and cognitive growth?...

A new review highlights how poverty and low socioeconomic status significantly influence cognitive development, mental health, and educational outcomes, suggesting that these factors contribute to a cycle of generational poverty. It calls for comprehensive interventions to address these far-reaching impacts.Research connects low socioeconomic status to brain alterations impacting educational achievement, mental health, and language development.What influences mental health, academic achievement, and cognitive growth? A recent review published in De Gruyter’s Reviews in the Neurosciences indicates that poverty and low socioeconomic status (SES) are significant contributing factors. While previous research has explored the individual impacts of poverty on the brain and behavior, this review introduces the first integrated framework. It synthesizes evidence from various studies to directly connect brain alterations caused by low SES with behavioral, pathological, and developmental outcomes.SES refers to the social standing of an individual or family, and involves factors such as wealth, occupation, educational attainment, and living conditions. As well as affecting day-to-day life, perhaps surprisingly SES can also have far-reaching consequences for our brains that begin in childhood and persist into adulthood.So, how can poverty and low SES change the brain? The review examines the negative effects of poor nutrition, chronic stress, and environmental hazards (such as pollution and inadequate housing conditions), which are more likely to affect low-SES families. These factors can impair the brain development of children, which in turn can influence their language skills, educational attainment, and risk of psychiatric illness. Stress and Its Impact on LearningFor instance, families with low SES are more likely to experience increased stress levels, and these can affect their children from an early age. Sustained stress can reduce levels of neurogenesis — the growth of new neurons — in the hippocampus, which may impair learning abilities and negatively affect educational attainment and career opportunities in later life.A framework of poverty-related factors and future consequences, such as delay language development, poor educational attainment, and neural abnormalities. Credit: Eid Abo Hamza et al./De GruyterThe unified framework proposed by the researchers also helps to explain generational poverty, which can leave the children of SES families unable to escape their situation when they grow up and become parents themselves. This vicious cycle can be hard to break.Interestingly, the researchers provide an extensive list of proposed studies that could test the validity of their framework and find new ways to break the generational poverty cycle. These include focusing on the effects of low SES in specific brain regions, and identifying techniques to enhance the performance of affected children in school.The review is timely, as inequalities in society widen. Identifying specific mechanisms behind generational poverty could help researchers and policymakers to develop new early interventions. The new framework takes account of the multifactorial nature of generational poverty, and could pave the way for more holistic and sophisticated societal interventions that acknowledge this complexity.“This research sheds light on the profound ways in which poverty and SES affect not just the present living conditions of individuals, but also their cognitive development, mental health, and future opportunities,” said Dr. Eid Abo Hamza of Al Ain University in the United Arab Emirates, who is first author of the review. “By understanding these relationships, society can better address inequalities and support those in disadvantaged situations, potentially leading to interventions that can help break the cycle of poverty.”Reference: “The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework” by Eid Abo Hamza, Richard Tindle, Simon Pawlak, Dalia Bedewy and Ahmed A. Moustafa, 15 April 2024, Reviews in the Neurosciences.DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0163

US Family Finds New Life in Costa Rican Blue Zone

CNN published the story of a U.S. family that moved to Costa Rica, and it changed their lives completely. Kema Ward-Hopper and Nicholas Hopper decided to get married in the Central American nation, and years later, they made the decision to permanently relocate. Now, they live in one of Costa Rica’s blue zones, an area […] The post US Family Finds New Life in Costa Rican Blue Zone appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

CNN published the story of a U.S. family that moved to Costa Rica, and it changed their lives completely. Kema Ward-Hopper and Nicholas Hopper decided to get married in the Central American nation, and years later, they made the decision to permanently relocate. Now, they live in one of Costa Rica’s blue zones, an area characterized by longevity, a slow-paced life, and a healthy lifestyle. She was diagnosed with breast cancer a few months before their wedding in 2016. “[I had] started treatment and everything. If you see pictures from my wedding, I didn’t have hair, and I didn’t really look like myself. But I was sick,” she told CNN. When she found herself in Costa Rica, she realized she felt different and felt as good as she had felt after her diagnosis. “That was the first indicator that there was something special about Costa Rica,” she added. Kema Ward-Hopper had to undergo a unilateral mastectomy and a reconstruction surgery. Subsequently, in August 2017, their family home in Houston, Texas, was destroyed by Category 4 Hurricane Harvey. Then, they decided it was time to leave. “We ended up losing our home. So, it just seemed like a lot of bad things [happening] back-to-back,” Ward-Hopper said. They explored different options and ended up choosing Costa Rica, as they were amazed by the country’s health care and education system, as well as the environmental protections. The nation’s proximity to the US was also a factor that weighed in. Back in 2018, they decided to make Pueblo Nuevo, in Nicoya, their new home. They spent some time in the area and loved the feeling of adventure. The family loved the sense of community and how friendly people are. They pointed out the health benefits they’ve experienced and how wonderful it is for their kids to be surrounded by nature. “We have noticed that we feel better when we’re here. Our cardiac health and lung health seem to be better,” she added. The family enjoys the slow-paced life and all the benefits that come with it. While they don’t know if they will remain in Costa Rica forever, they certainly believe “it feels like home” for the moment. The post US Family Finds New Life in Costa Rican Blue Zone appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

Stargazer’s paradise: Oregon area named world’s largest dark sky sanctuary

Certification awarded for 2.5m acres offering pristine views of night sky, with hopes for expansion to 11m acresWith clear skies and sparse trees, the Oregon outback has long been regarded as a stargazers’ paradise. Now the region is home to the world’s largest dark sky sanctuary, offering pristine views of the night sky across 2.5m acres.The Oregon outback international dark sky sanctuary received the certification this week, becoming the largest of 19 sites around the world with the same designation. The sanctuary covers Lake county in south-eastern Oregon, a remote area roughly half the size of New Jersey, and could eventually expand to include more than 11m acres. Continue reading...

With clear skies and sparse trees, the Oregon outback has long been regarded as a stargazers’ paradise. Now the region is home to the world’s largest dark sky sanctuary, offering pristine views of the night sky across 2.5m acres.The Oregon outback international dark sky sanctuary received the certification this week, becoming the largest of 19 sites around the world with the same designation. The sanctuary covers Lake county in south-eastern Oregon, a remote area roughly half the size of New Jersey, and could eventually expand to include more than 11m acres.The region’s skies are already among the darkest in the world, according to a statement from DarkSky International, and the certification will ensure the area remains protected.“As the population of Oregon and the trend of light pollution continue to rise, the unparalleled scale and quality of the outback’s dark skies will long serve as a starry refuge for people and wildlife alike,” said Dawn Nilson, an environmental consultant who authored the area’s application for the certification.The high-desert region is also home to one of the oldest known human occupation sites in North America and portions of the Pacific Flyway, a key aerial highway for migratory birds, and is an important habitat for bighorn sheep and sage grouse. Its skies are commonly described as “inky or velvety black”, and the isolation of the region and lack of buildings and power lines often shocks visitors, according to Travel Southern Oregon.The area is incredibly remote – and stunning, said Bob Hackett, the executive director of Travel Southern Oregon, who helped facilitate the nomination.“If you drive up, you’re going to be in the middle of 2.5m acres of sagebrush and rock and antelope, and it’s going to be a very remote experience by design. That’s why it’s so dark,” Hackett said.“It’s surprising sometimes to see that many stars all at once. It catches you and it makes you pause because you feel like you can touch it,” he said. “It’s a very personal experience that most people are going to experience by themselves or with a close friend or family and that’s right. That vastness of the whole cosmos up there – it almost makes you get closer to the people you’re with on the ground.”Given its remoteness, visitors should be prepared before traveling to the area, he added.The certification involved a years-long arduous effort by federal, state and local officials, community members and several legal jurisdictions. It required parties to agree to the plan as well as monitor the night sky and institute lighting improvements, DarkSky International said in a statement. Almost 1.7m acres of the sanctuary are overseen by the US Bureau of Land Management.Tourism officials hope that the designation will help boost tourism in the region in a way that benefits local communities.“We are going to leave this landscape better for the work that we did and also drive community economic development in a way [communities] choose,” Hackett said.The Oregon sanctuary is among more than 200 places around the world that have sought to protect the night sky, according to DarkSky International. Other locations include California’s Death Valley, Exmoor national park in the UK and Ainos national park on the Greek island of Kefalonia. The initiative began more than 20 years ago to encourage the protection of dark sites through “effective lighting policies, environmentally responsible outdoor lighting and public education”, according to DarkSky International.

Should Insurers Cover Kids’ Obesity Drugs? Experts Say It’s Long Overdue.

Earlier this year, one of the nation’s most influential medical associations released a new set of guidelines for treating childhood obesity. And it nearly broke the internet. The recommendations, issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the first time in 16 years, say that pediatricians should stop taking a “watchful waiting” approach and instead […]

Earlier this year, one of the nation’s most influential medical associations released a new set of guidelines for treating childhood obesity. And it nearly broke the internet. The recommendations, issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the first time in 16 years, say that pediatricians should stop taking a “watchful waiting” approach and instead embrace early, aggressive action to treat children and teens with obesity, which AAP defines as having a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for a child’s age and sex. The group recommends “intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment” for families with children as young as 2 years old, and in addition, weight-loss drugs for children 12 and up, and surgery for children 13 and up with severe obesity. The reason for the shift in guidelines, experts tell me, is not only that doctors have more experience with weight-loss surgery and drugs than ever before, but also that the field’s understanding of obesity has changed: Researchers now know that childhood obesity is a result of genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, not a personal choice. “It’s not a situation of gluttony,” says Mary Savoye, associate director of pediatric obesity at the Yale School of Medicine. “It’s actually a complex disease.” And by acting early, researchers say, children can reduce their future risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and fatty liver disease, which can lead to severe illness and premature death. Lifestyle therapy, says Sandra Hassink, a past president of AAP and an author of the new guidelines, is aimed at “pushing back” against unhealthy environments, with drugs and surgery serving as “adjuncts” to changes in diet and exercise. In response to the new guidance, personal responsibility advocates argued that children just ought to eat better and exercise more. Fat acceptance advocates pointed out that AAP’s emphasis on BMI was misguided, and would only increase weight stigma. (Indeed, it’s possible to be considered “overweight” or “obese” and be in good health—but the AAP guidelines, experts emphasize, are intended for children with high BMI and health concerns like Type 2 diabetes.) Scientists on the front lines of obesity research, meanwhile, raised another important question: If these new treatments are the best option for kids, why are they so difficult to obtain? Intensive behavioral counseling, for instance, typically takes place at an academic medical center. It often involves weekly sessions on exercise, nutrition education, support group sessions for parents, and conversations with kids about things like self-esteem and bullying. But according to AAP and the US Department of Health and Human Services, the most effective of these programs— which have been shown to help kids lose between 3.5 and 18 pounds—are rare in the United States. In fact, Dr. Thomas Robinson, a professor of pediatrics and of medicine at Stanford University who leads a behavior change program for families, estimates there are fewer than one to two dozen lifestyle programs like his across the country, and almost all aren’t covered by public or private insurance. “How could the American Academy of Pediatrics say an aggressive family-based comprehensive program is standard of care, this should be the first line of intervention, but yet, wait a minute. Oh, it’s not covered by insurance?” says Savoye, who runs a similar program at Yale called Bright Bodies. A November 2022 study by AAP found that most teen bariatric surgeries are paid for by private insurance rather than Medicaid. Only a handful of state Medicaid programs cover weight-loss medication, which can cost up to $1,600 a month. It’s even more difficult to get it covered by private insurance. Black children are nine times more likely to suffer from Type 2 diabetes than white children. With new treatment options concentrated among the affluent, you can expect that disparity to only get bleaker. This, of course, means the children who are already disproportionately affected by obesity—those living in low-income areas and people of color—are least likely to receive cutting-edge treatments. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, obesity affects about 15 million children, including about one in four Black and Latino children, one in six white children, and one in 11 Asian American children. And that tracks with health outcomes: By the most recent estimates, Black and Latino children, for instance, are about nine and five times more likely, respectively, to suffer from Type 2 diabetes than white children. With new treatment options concentrated among the affluent, you can expect that disparity to only get bleaker. Worse, the lack of access to treatments may limit future research—and specifically, who is able to participate. The first studies on adolescent bariatric surgery, notes Gabriel Shaibi, a professor at Arizona State University, where he studies pediatric obesity and diabetes, were primarily conducted on non-Hispanic, white females (the group most likely to seek the procedure). And because drugs and surgery are relatively new options for kids, scientists are still studying their long-term risks and benefits. It’d help if the participants in those trials looked like, well, America. Things are changing: In the last decade, Shaibi says, researchers studying obesity have realized the need to work directly with underserved communities. He and his colleagues, for instance, partnered with the YMCA and other community groups to conduct a lifestyle-change study in Phoenix beginning in 2016 among Latino adolescents with prediabetes and BMIs at or higher than the 95th percentile. The researchers’ community-based lifestyle program, which consisted of nutrition education, physical activity, and family discussions, was just as effective in reducing kids’ diabetes risk as seeing a dietician and pediatric endocrinologist—and more effective at improving the kids’ self-reported quality of life. That’s not the only area for improvement: Expanded insurance coverage would mean more participants from all backgrounds could join AAP-recommended programs like those run by Shaibi, Savoye, and Robinson (whose lab I worked at in college, though not on anything obesity related). And, it couldn’t hurt to simply have more of them across the country, a point that doesn’t seem lost on the CDC: In January, the CDC announced more than $400 million in funding over the next five years for diabetes prevention projects, including “evidence-based, family-centered childhood obesity interventions” focused on reducing health disparities in at-risk groups. The new AAP guidelines, Shaibi hopes, will help keep pediatricians up to date on the latest science—but he worries their response will be, “‘Well, all right. How do you expect us to do this in the current system?’” He adds, “Our health care system has to change.”

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