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Could a CA bill on tortillas improve maternal health?

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Monday, April 15, 2024

A premature baby in incubator. Photo via iStock California is struggling to provide maternal health for its residents. But as one proposal aims to prevent birth defects, another has received hateful pushback that’s been condemned by both political parties. As CalMatters health reporter Ana B. Ibarra writes, Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula has introduced a bill that would require corn masa flour makers to add 0.7 milligrams of folic acid per pound of flour. Though federal law requires other grain products, such as cereals, breads and pasta, be fortified with folic acid, corn masa flour is not included. The corn flour is a key ingredient used in many classic Latino foods. Arambula, a Fresno Democrat and physician, to CalMatters: “Food is the best way that we can get folic acid into our communities before they’re pregnant. Oftentimes the prenatal vitamins that we give to pregnant people are too late.”  Research has shown that folic acid, which can be found in prenatal and women’s multi-vitamins, promotes healthy cell growth, and can prevent birth defects when taken before and during the early weeks of pregnancy. Since 1998, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration handed down the requirement, the proportion of babies born with neural tube defects dropped by 35%. But between 2017 and 2019, only about 28% of Latinas reported taking folic acid the month before becoming pregnant, compared to 46% of white women. Women on Medi-Cal, the state’s health insurance program for low-income families, are also less likely to take folic acid before pregnancy compared to women on private insurance.  To learn more about the proposal, read Ana’s story. Another bill related to maternal health, Assembly Bill 2319, was the subject of a racist letter sent to members of the Health Committee, according to lawmakers. The measure would require healthcare providers to undergo training for implicit bias, and for the training to include “recognition of intersecting identities.”  The bill’s co-author, Assemblymember Lori Wilson, said the letter was “vile and hateful.” Assembly Republicans also said the letter had no place in legislative debate: “While we may not always agree on policy, we are united to strongly condemn racism and the evil ideology behind this letter.” Wilson, a Suisun City Democrat who is chairperson of the Legislative Black Caucus, vowed to carry on with the measure. The proposals by Arumbula and Wilson follow state data showing that in 2020 California saw a ten-year high of pregnancy-related deaths. Black expectant mothers are particularly vulnerable: They are three times more likely to die of pregnancy-related complications than others. It’s a point raised by former state Senate leader Toni Atkins in a social media post last week. Meanwhile, maternity wards across the state are closing, creating “maternity care deserts,” and California midwives treating Medi-Cal patients struggle to keep their businesses afloat. A February report from the state auditor also found that state health departments failed to track the effectiveness of a perinatal care program for Medi-Cal patients. Digital Democracy: CalMatters has launched Digital Democracy, a project using the latest technologies to help Californians understand their state government and create more accountability for politicians. The website introduces each of the state’s 120 legislators and explains this year’s policy agenda. In our unprecedented database, you can instantly find any word uttered in a public hearing, every vote cast, every bill introduced and every dollar donated. For more details, see our about and methodology pages and read more from our engagement team. Other Stories You Should Know Builders can challenge impact fees New housing construction in a neighbourhood in Elk Grove on July 8, 2022. Photo by Rahul Lal, CalMatters From CalMatters housing reporter Ben Christopher:It’s about to get more difficult for local governments to slap construction projects with certain fees — and a bit easier for developers to sue governments when they do.  That’s thanks to a unanimous ruling the U.S. Supreme Court handed down Friday. As many court watchers expected, the justices sided with George Sheetz, a septuagenarian retiree who sued El Dorado County over a $23,420 building fee. Sheetz’s lawyers argued that the county should have had to prove that this five-digit fee matched the cost that his manufactured home actually would inflict on local roads and highways. That requirement was established in a four-decade-old court ruling also out of California. El Dorado County, with the backing of both the Gov. Gavin Newsom and President Joe Biden administrations, countered that such a high bar is only required of one-off fees levied by regulators, not fees scheduled for all developments and established by elected bodies, like the county board of supervisors. In its 9-0 ruling, the Supreme Court said that “there is no basis for affording property rights less protection in the hands of legislators than administrators.” A few possible consequences of the ruling: Cities and counties now have to show that impact fees are connected to and “roughly proportionate” to the fiscal impact of a given development. That could have the unintended consequence of slowing down permitting.  Developers may now have a powerful new legal tool to challenge fees that they think are too high. And they are high here. As of 2015, the average impact fee on a single family home in California was more than four times the national average. But it’s too soon to say exactly how all of this will shake out. That’s because the court stopped short of saying exactly how far governments have to go to justify their fees — or whether El Dorado County already cleared that hurdle in this case. Those questions were left to lower courts. State cracks down on water Armona’s new $9 million well and treatment facility to remove arsenic in its water supply. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local The State Water Resources Control Board is poised to penalize Kings County groundwater agencies for failing to manage overpumping in the region’s water supply — a move that would set a new precedent. As CalMatters water reporter Rachel Becker explains, the board on Tuesday is expected to decide whether to put county agencies on probation for unsuccessfully restricting farmers’ overdrafting of the water supply from the Tulare Lake underground basin. If the board decides to crack down, it will be the first time the state imposes penalties under a landmark 2014 law that requires agencies to achieve groundwater sustainability by 2040.The board’s decision could also signal how the state will approach five other overpumped San Joaquin Valley basins that may face probation as well. Overpumping in Kings County has caused household and community water wells to dry up and land to sink, which endangers canals, aqueducts and flood-controlling levees. And because wells must reach deeper into the ground to extract water, contaminants such as arsenic are released and cause water contamination levels to rise. Putting Kings County agencies on probation could mean imposing state fees totaling as much as $10 million a year, according to a CalMatters analysis. It could also lead to state regulators eventually managing the region’s groundwater. This has small farmers in the region concerned that they’ll be forced out of business due to the state’s steep fees. The basin provides drinking and irrigation water for 146,000 residents and supports a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. For more on this issue, read Rachel’s story. California’s water crisis, explained: CalMatters has a detailed look at how California might increase its water supply, and a dashboard tracking the state’s water situation. CalMatters Commentary Ideas festival: CalMatters is hosting its first one, in Sacramento on June 5-6. It will include a discussion on broadband access and a session with Zócalo Public Square on California’s next big idea. Featured speakers include Julián Castro, CEO of the Latino Community Foundation, and Barbara McQuade, a former U.S. attorney and MSNBC legal analyst. Find out more from our engagement team and buy tickets here. Other things worth your time: Some stories may require a subscription to read. CA granted federal disaster relief for historic February storms // Los Angeles Times  Ballot measure for America’s highest wage could be victim of past wins // Politico Prop. 22 gains liberal support as case heads to state high court // San Francisco Chronicle PG&E customers were billed for a TV promo campaign // The Sacramento Bee Google blocks some CA news as fight over online journalism bill escalates // Politico Bill to mandate ‘science of reading’ in CA classrooms dies // EdSource CA abortions increased after Roe vs. Wade was overturned // Los Angeles Times The first high-speed rail trains are closer to coming to CA // San Francisco Chronicle Environmental concerns raised by rocket flights // The San Diego Union-Tribune SF jails lock down after alleged assaults on staff // Los Angeles Times SF background check startup Checkr cutting 260 jobs // San Francisco Examiner SF $2B Central Subway has lots of leaks, few riders // The San Francisco Standard Kern County activist faces 18 felony counts over alleged threats // Los Angeles Times Former Windsor mayor’s accusers speak out on no charges // San Francisco Chronicle

California is struggling to provide maternal health for its residents. But as one proposal aims to prevent birth defects, another has received hateful pushback that’s been condemned by both political parties. As CalMatters health reporter Ana B. Ibarra writes, Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula has introduced a bill that would require corn masa flour makers to add […]

A premature baby in incubator. Photo via iStock
A premature baby in incubator. Photo via iStock
A premature baby in incubator. Photo via iStock

California is struggling to provide maternal health for its residents. But as one proposal aims to prevent birth defects, another has received hateful pushback that’s been condemned by both political parties.

As CalMatters health reporter Ana B. Ibarra writes, Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula has introduced a bill that would require corn masa flour makers to add 0.7 milligrams of folic acid per pound of flour. Though federal law requires other grain products, such as cereals, breads and pasta, be fortified with folic acid, corn masa flour is not included. The corn flour is a key ingredient used in many classic Latino foods.

  • Arambula, a Fresno Democrat and physician, to CalMatters: “Food is the best way that we can get folic acid into our communities before they’re pregnant. Oftentimes the prenatal vitamins that we give to pregnant people are too late.” 

Research has shown that folic acid, which can be found in prenatal and women’s multi-vitamins, promotes healthy cell growth, and can prevent birth defects when taken before and during the early weeks of pregnancy. Since 1998, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration handed down the requirement, the proportion of babies born with neural tube defects dropped by 35%.

But between 2017 and 2019, only about 28% of Latinas reported taking folic acid the month before becoming pregnant, compared to 46% of white women. Women on Medi-Cal, the state’s health insurance program for low-income families, are also less likely to take folic acid before pregnancy compared to women on private insurance. 

To learn more about the proposal, read Ana’s story.

Another bill related to maternal health, Assembly Bill 2319, was the subject of a racist letter sent to members of the Health Committee, according to lawmakers.

The measure would require healthcare providers to undergo training for implicit bias, and for the training to include “recognition of intersecting identities.” 

The bill’s co-author, Assemblymember Lori Wilson, said the letter was “vile and hateful.”

Assembly Republicans also said the letter had no place in legislative debate: “While we may not always agree on policy, we are united to strongly condemn racism and the evil ideology behind this letter.”

Wilson, a Suisun City Democrat who is chairperson of the Legislative Black Caucus, vowed to carry on with the measure.

The proposals by Arumbula and Wilson follow state data showing that in 2020 California saw a ten-year high of pregnancy-related deaths. Black expectant mothers are particularly vulnerable: They are three times more likely to die of pregnancy-related complications than others. It’s a point raised by former state Senate leader Toni Atkins in a social media post last week.

Meanwhile, maternity wards across the state are closing, creating “maternity care deserts,” and California midwives treating Medi-Cal patients struggle to keep their businesses afloat. A February report from the state auditor also found that state health departments failed to track the effectiveness of a perinatal care program for Medi-Cal patients.


Digital Democracy: CalMatters has launched Digital Democracy, a project using the latest technologies to help Californians understand their state government and create more accountability for politicians. The website introduces each of the state’s 120 legislators and explains this year’s policy agenda. In our unprecedented database, you can instantly find any word uttered in a public hearing, every vote cast, every bill introduced and every dollar donated. For more details, see our about and methodology pages and read more from our engagement team.


Other Stories You Should Know


Builders can challenge impact fees

New housing construction in a neighbourhood in Elk Grove on July 8, 2022. Photo by Rahul Lal, CalMatters

From CalMatters housing reporter Ben Christopher:

It’s about to get more difficult for local governments to slap construction projects with certain fees — and a bit easier for developers to sue governments when they do. 

That’s thanks to a unanimous ruling the U.S. Supreme Court handed down Friday.

As many court watchers expected, the justices sided with George Sheetz, a septuagenarian retiree who sued El Dorado County over a $23,420 building fee.

Sheetz’s lawyers argued that the county should have had to prove that this five-digit fee matched the cost that his manufactured home actually would inflict on local roads and highways. That requirement was established in a four-decade-old court ruling also out of California.

El Dorado County, with the backing of both the Gov. Gavin Newsom and President Joe Biden administrations, countered that such a high bar is only required of one-off fees levied by regulators, not fees scheduled for all developments and established by elected bodies, like the county board of supervisors.

In its 9-0 ruling, the Supreme Court said that “there is no basis for affording property rights less protection in the hands of legislators than administrators.”

A few possible consequences of the ruling:

  • Cities and counties now have to show that impact fees are connected to and “roughly proportionate” to the fiscal impact of a given development. That could have the unintended consequence of slowing down permitting. 
  • Developers may now have a powerful new legal tool to challenge fees that they think are too high.

And they are high here. As of 2015, the average impact fee on a single family home in California was more than four times the national average.

But it’s too soon to say exactly how all of this will shake out. That’s because the court stopped short of saying exactly how far governments have to go to justify their fees — or whether El Dorado County already cleared that hurdle in this case. Those questions were left to lower courts.

State cracks down on water

The water treatment facility in Armona on April 4, 2024. Armona, a small unincorporated community home to farmworkers in Kings County, had substantial arsenic contamination until a new $9 million well was installed more than 1,200 feet deep. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local
Armona’s new $9 million well and treatment facility to remove arsenic in its water supply. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local

The State Water Resources Control Board is poised to penalize Kings County groundwater agencies for failing to manage overpumping in the region’s water supply — a move that would set a new precedent.

As CalMatters water reporter Rachel Becker explains, the board on Tuesday is expected to decide whether to put county agencies on probation for unsuccessfully restricting farmers’ overdrafting of the water supply from the Tulare Lake underground basin. If the board decides to crack down, it will be the first time the state imposes penalties under a landmark 2014 law that requires agencies to achieve groundwater sustainability by 2040.

The board’s decision could also signal how the state will approach five other overpumped San Joaquin Valley basins that may face probation as well.

Overpumping in Kings County has caused household and community water wells to dry up and land to sink, which endangers canals, aqueducts and flood-controlling levees. And because wells must reach deeper into the ground to extract water, contaminants such as arsenic are released and cause water contamination levels to rise.

Putting Kings County agencies on probation could mean imposing state fees totaling as much as $10 million a year, according to a CalMatters analysis. It could also lead to state regulators eventually managing the region’s groundwater.

This has small farmers in the region concerned that they’ll be forced out of business due to the state’s steep fees. The basin provides drinking and irrigation water for 146,000 residents and supports a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry.

For more on this issue, read Rachel’s story.

California’s water crisis, explained: CalMatters has a detailed look at how California might increase its water supply, and a dashboard tracking the state’s water situation.


CalMatters Commentary

Ideas festival: CalMatters is hosting its first one, in Sacramento on June 5-6. It will include a discussion on broadband access and a session with Zócalo Public Square on California’s next big idea. Featured speakers include Julián Castro, CEO of the Latino Community Foundation, and Barbara McQuade, a former U.S. attorney and MSNBC legal analyst. Find out more from our engagement team and buy tickets here.


Other things worth your time:

Some stories may require a subscription to read.


CA granted federal disaster relief for historic February storms // Los Angeles Times 

Ballot measure for America’s highest wage could be victim of past wins // Politico

Prop. 22 gains liberal support as case heads to state high court // San Francisco Chronicle

PG&E customers were billed for a TV promo campaign // The Sacramento Bee

Google blocks some CA news as fight over online journalism bill escalates // Politico

Bill to mandate ‘science of reading’ in CA classrooms dies // EdSource

CA abortions increased after Roe vs. Wade was overturned // Los Angeles Times

The first high-speed rail trains are closer to coming to CA // San Francisco Chronicle

Environmental concerns raised by rocket flights // The San Diego Union-Tribune

SF jails lock down after alleged assaults on staff // Los Angeles Times

SF background check startup Checkr cutting 260 jobs // San Francisco Examiner

SF $2B Central Subway has lots of leaks, few riders // The San Francisco Standard

Kern County activist faces 18 felony counts over alleged threats // Los Angeles Times

Former Windsor mayor’s accusers speak out on no charges // San Francisco Chronicle

Read the full story here.
Photos courtesy of

Tijuana River sewage still pollutes the San Diego Coast. She’s fighting to clean it up

The Tijuana River’s sewage contamination continues to sicken communities in southern San Diego County. San Diego County Supervisor Paloma Aguirre has become a leading force in pushing for binational fixes and emergency funding to protect public health.

In summary The Tijuana River’s sewage contamination continues to sicken communities in southern San Diego County. San Diego County Supervisor Paloma Aguirre has become a leading force in pushing for binational fixes and emergency funding to protect public health. Hours after a November storm, the Tijuana River flooded a grove of trees in Imperial Beach, gushed through a row of calverts and exploded into mounds of fetid foam.  This is ground zero for the contaminated river, which sickens thousands of people in southern San Diego County. “The Tijuana River is one of, if not the most polluted, river in the entire United States,” said San Diego County Supervisor Paloma Aguirre, who viewed the overflowing river wearing black rain boots and a hot pink respirator mask. “The river is carrying dangerous chemicals, pollutants, pathogens and toxic gases that are impacting South San Diego communities.” The site, known as the Saturn Boulevard hot spot, is part of a system of polluted waterways and failed sewage treatment plants in the cross-border region. In the ocean, the contamination leaves swimmers and surfers with breathing problems, digestive illness and rashes. Unsafe conditions have closed parts of the Imperial Beach shoreline for three years. Last year, researchers discovered that the pollution is airborne as well. Foul-smelling hydrogen sulfide emissions near the river sometimes rise hundreds of times higher than the state’s odor threshold. At those levels the gas triggers headaches, nausea, eye irritation and respiratory distress. And there are other chemicals, viruses and bacteria in the mix.  For children, the effects are worse, said Tom Csanadi, an Imperial Beach physician who has been active in the issue. Their lung surface area to body size is higher, which means they absorb more toxins. Children breathe faster than adults and they’re still growing, so it can affect their body tissues more severely. There are 11 schools within three kilometers of the hot spot. “It could lower IQ, stunt cognitive development,” Csanadi said. As a surfer, activist and elected leader, Aguirre has spent two decades tackling this problem, which she considers one of the worst environmental crises in the country. “She’s been at the forefront of the advocacy side of this for a long, long time, before her political career even started,” said Falk Feddersen, an oceanographer with Scripps Institution of Oceanography who has mapped sewage flows up the coast from Mexico. A cocktail of chemicals While storm water seeped across the road at the hot spot, a swiftwater rescue truck drove through puddles, scanning for stranded motorists. The culverts under the crossing were installed to keep flooding under control, but they also churn the water, spewing noxious gas and other pollutants.  “The unintended consequence is that it’s exacerbating the release of all the molecules and aerosols into the air,” Aguirre said. “It’s literally rocketing them into the environment.” Hydrogen sulfide, with its distinctive rotten egg odor, is an indicator of that toxic brew, said Kim Prather, an atmospheric chemist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. She raised the alarm about airborne pollution from the Tijuana River last year. Flooding caused by the Tijuana River covers a section of Saturn Boulevard after a rainy day in San Diego on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters Layers of foam caused by sewage and chemicals bubble up along a section of the Tijuana River after a rainy day in San Diego on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters Layers of foam caused by sewage and chemicals bubble up along a section of the Tijuana River after a rainy day in San Diego on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters “That’s one in a cocktail of thousands of compounds,” she said. “It’s a blessing that it smells. I know it sounds strange, but it tells you to get away.” Aguirre described her own struggles with Tijuana River pollution, including migraines, chest pain, shortness of breath, and waking in the middle of the night to an odor she likened to a “porta potty.” Recent improvements to wastewater treatment plants in the U.S. and Mexico have reduced water pollution by keeping tens of millions of gallons of sewage out of the ocean each day. Aguirre and others celebrate that news, but note the river still contaminates surrounding areas. More big upgrades are in the works on both sides of the border, but fixing the Saturn Boulevard hot spot quickly could offer immediate relief, Aguirre said. “This is a very specific and low hanging fruit that will at least begin to mitigate the amount of gases being released into the air and benefit tens of thousands of people that live here,” she said. Waves of pollution Tijuana River pollution dates back to at least the 1930s, when the U.S. and Mexican governments built the first cross-border sewage plants. As Tijuana’s population soared with its booming industry, the city’s waste outstripped its treatment systems. Plant failures and sewage spills became common in the early 2000s, along with frequent beach closures along the south San Diego coast. That’s when Aguirre encountered cross-border pollution in the surf at Imperial Beach. Growing up in Puerto Vallarta Mexico, she was used to surfing in muddy water after rains, so the discolored waves didn’t seem worrisome.  “I remember going out here in Imperial Beach while the water was chocolate brown, not knowing that it’s nothing like what I was used to, because that was sewage,” she said. She was the only one at the beach that day, except for a man posting signs stating “Clean water now.” He was Serge Dedina, executive director of the environmental group WildCoast, and he enlisted her in the fight against sewage pollution. Aguirre first volunteered for the organization and soon joined its staff. She worked there for more than a decade, while earning a master’s degree in marine biodiversity and conservation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. At WildCoast she organized a citizens’ group, advocated for improved water testing using DNA analysis, and served on working groups for a binational agreement on cross-border pollution, called Minute 320. When Dedina was elected mayor of Imperial Beach in 2014, Aguirre saw a path to solving the sewage problem. “I thought, well, if he can do it I can do it,” she said. “And I built on the momentum that he was able to create on this issue.” San Diego County Supervisor Paloma Aguirre wears a respiratory filter mask while standing near a section of the Tijuana River in San Diego on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters A warning sign about sewage and chemical contamination is posted along the shore of Imperial Beach on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters Aguirre won a seat on the Imperial Beach City Council in 2018 and was elected mayor in 2022, when Dedina left office. With a bigger platform, she called on California and the federal government to declare a state of emergency over the border pollution problem and lobbied to classify the area as a Superfund site. Those efforts haven’t gained traction, but other angles yielded results. Imperial Beach sued the International Boundary and Water Commission with the city of Chula Vista and Port of San Diego in 2018, alleging that it violated the Clean Water Act and other federal laws by failing to control coastal sewage pollution. They settled the lawsuit in 2023 with a promise of more resources and binational cooperation.  “My tenure as mayor of IB really focused on advocating and working in a bipartisan fashion to secure the additional funding that was needed,” to fix cross-border pollution, she said. A person walks their dog near the Imperial Beach Pier in Imperial Beach on Nov. 21, 2025. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters Aguirre led delegations of local officials to Washington, D.C. to drum up money for costly infrastructure upgrades needed to get the sewage problem under control. She met with White House officials in both the Biden and Trump administrations, and with lawmakers who had served as Navy SEALS and had experienced the pollution problem at BUD/S, the Navy SEAL training program in Coronado. In July, Aguirre won a special election for an open San Diego County Board of Supervisors seat. She immediately led county plans to study the health effects of cross-border pollution and asked the state for $50 million to fix the Saturn Boulevard hot spot.  “She’s moved a problem that has been stuck, when other people could not,” Prather, the Scripps atmospheric chemist, said. Sewage spills prompt quick fixes The long-standing pollution problem came under new scrutiny in 2017, when a spill from a damaged line in Mexico dumped an estimated 143 million gallons of wastewater into the Tijuana River, sending foul odors wafting through the region. That accident revealed just how dilapidated the aging infrastructure had become. “That’s one of the reasons why things are so horrific, because they’re playing catch up on fixing these things when they have catastrophic failures,” said Feddersen, the Scripps oceanographer. In early 2022, another major spill released hundreds of millions of gallons of sewage-tainted water across the border for two and a half weeks.  That summer, San Diego congress members freed up more than $300 million that had been authorized for wastewater treatment upgrades through the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. Mexico committed $144 million to replace failing sewage treatment facilities in Tijuana, with an updated treaty between the two countries known as Minute 328. In 2024, the lawmakers persuaded the Biden administration to add another $370 million to repair the aging South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant near the border, Rep. Scott Peters said. After decades of deterioration, major improvements came online this year. The South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant, which was barely operable, is now fully functioning and expanded its capacity from 25 million to 35 million gallons of wastewater per day. The project was expected to take two years, but was completed in 100 days, according to the U.S. International Boundary and Water Commission. An aerial view shows a treated wastewater river heading to the Pacific Ocean near Real Del Mar in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico on Aug. 12, 2025. Photo by Guillermo Arias, AFP via Getty Images By the end of next year that will climb to 50 million gallons per day, with higher capacity for peak wastewater surges. The commission, which manages the wastewater systems, has spent $122 million on the first series fixes, and the full project will cost $650 million. Although the Trump administration has clawed back federal funding for many projects, it has doubled down on the cross-border sewage problem, Aguirre said. In July U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lee Zeldin met with his Mexican counterpart to seal the environmental deal. In April Mexico repaired its Punta Bandera plant, located on the coast about six miles south of the border. The plant had failed completely in 2020 and was dumping raw sewage into the ocean. It now handles 18 million gallons of wastewater per day. That’s a big boost for beach safety, said Feddersen, whose research tracked the flow of sewage in ocean currents and modeled scenarios for reducing it. “The best bang for the buck, the greatest reduction in beach closure and reduction in human illness, was fixing Punta Bandera,” he said. Yet, the Tijuana River still threatens residents in its watershed with untreated sewage and industrial chemicals from maquiladoras in Tijuana. That includes solvents, heavy metals and toxins known as PFAS, or “forever chemicals,” Prather said. “The river right now is a wastewater treatment plant without any processing,” she said. Removing the culverts would eliminate the turbulence that sprays out hydrogen sulfide and other toxins. The county plans to finish a feasibility study on the project by January. That project would keep contaminants out of the air, but not out of the water. Aguirre also wants new infrastructure to clean up the Tijuana River on the U.S. side. The recent binational Treaty, Minute 328, includes that option, and the International Boundary and Water Commission is exploring what it would take to divert and treat the river flows. There’s no funding for the project yet, but Aguirre says it’s on her agenda. “Rivers are diverted up and down,” she said.  “It’s doable. Is it expensive? Yes. Are our lives in South San Diego worth it? Yes.”

Germophobes Can Breathe Easy On Airplanes, In Hospitals, Experts Say

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterFRIDAY, Dec. 5, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Germophobes can breathe a little easier when visiting a hospital...

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterFRIDAY, Dec. 5, 2025 (HealthDay News) — Germophobes can breathe a little easier when visiting a hospital or taking an airplane trip, a new study says.The ambient air on planes and in hospitals mostly contains harmless microbes typically associated with human skin, researchers reported Dec. 4 in the journal Microbiome.The cutting-edge study analyzed germ samples captured on the outer surface of face masks worn by air travelers and health care workers, researchers said.“We realized that we could use face masks as a cheap, easy air-sampling device for personal exposures and general exposures,” senior researcher Erica Hartmann, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, said in a news release.“We extracted DNA from those masks and examined the types of bacteria found there,” Hartmann said.Overall, the team analyzed germs drawn from masks worn by 10 air travelers and 12 health care professionals. Travelers turned in their masks following a flight, hospital workers following a shift.Researchers also analyzed germs captured by an aircraft cabin filter that had been used for more than 8,000 hours.Overall, the team found 407 distinct species of microbes.“Somewhat unsurprisingly, the bacteria were the types that we would typically associate with indoor air,” Hartmann said. “Indoor air looks like indoor air, which also looks like human skin.”A few potentially disease-causing germs did show up, but they were in extremely low amounts and without signs of active infection, researchers said.Hartmann’s team came up with the study idea in January 2022, amid the COVID pandemic.“At the time, there was a serious concern about COVID transmission on planes,” Hartmann said. “HEPA filters on planes filter the air with incredibly high efficiency, so we thought it would be a great way to capture everything in the air.”“But these filters are not like the filters in our cars or homes,” Hartmann added. “They cost thousands of dollars and, in order to remove them, workers have to pull the airplane out of service for maintenance. This obviously costs an incredible amount of money, and that was eye opening.”To beef up their project, the team turned to a much cheaper alternative: face masks.They also decided to include hospitals as another study locale.“As a comparison group, we thought about another population of people who were likely wearing masks anyway,” Hartmann said. “We landed on health care providers.”The results indicate that people themselves are the main source of airborne microbes in enclosed settings, and that most of the germs come from people’s skin rather than from any illnesses, researchers said.Although the results show indoor air is relatively safe, researchers noted that infectious germs also spread through other routes — most importantly, touch.“For this study, we solely looked at what’s in the air,” Hartmann said. “Hand hygiene remains an effective way to prevent diseases transmission from surfaces. We were interested in what people are exposed to via air, even if they are washing their hands.”SOURCES: Northwestern University, news release, Dec. 3, 2025; Microbiome, Dec. 4, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

The Case for Growth

For the past few years, American politics have been organized around a simple, unnerving feeling: Life is getting too expensive, and no one seems to know what to do about it. Rent and home prices feel out of reach. Child care feels like it costs as much as a second mortgage. Groceries, utilities, and health […]

For the past few years, American politics have been organized around a simple, unnerving feeling: Life is getting too expensive, and no one seems to know what to do about it. Rent and home prices feel out of reach. Child care feels like it costs as much as a second mortgage. Groceries, utilities, and health care have all climbed faster than people’s paychecks. Politicians have reached for familiar tools — blaming corporate “greedflation,” flirting with price controls and tariffs, promising to “take on” whoever is convenient in an election year — but none of that gets to the deeper question: How do we make it genuinely easier to build, to work, and to live well in America? For most of this country’s history, we thought we knew the answer: growth. That means a bigger economy, higher productivity, cheaper and cleaner energy, new technology, and more people able to participate in all of the above. Growth was the background assumption — not a panacea, but the thing that made every other problem a little easier to solve.  Then, beginning in the 1970s, that consensus started to break. Economic growth slowed. Concerns about inequality, consumerism, and environmental damage mounted. A certain anti-growth mentality took root on both the left and the right, and “more” became something to be eyed with suspicion rather than embraced and steered. There were real reasons people were wary of a political project organized around “more” — the environmental damage of fossil fuels, the experience of being left out of past booms, the sense that consumerism had filled our lives with stuff instead of meaning. But, in overcorrecting for the very real mistakes of the past, the US inadvertently locked itself into a low-growth, high-friction status quo that has only made our hardest problems harder. That’s why we need to take sustainable growth seriously again, to move from zero-sum fights over who gets what slice of a fixed pie to a world where the pie is actually bigger. Not growth at all costs, but growth the smart way. That is the animating idea behind this project, The Case for Growth. Over the coming weeks, in explainers, features, and podcast episodes, we’ll look at why our most productive cities have been effectively locking out families and what it would take to open them up. We’ll imagine what an era of clean energy abundance could unlock, from vertical farming to sci-fi climate solutions. We’ll explore how advances in artificial intelligence might finally shake us out of a prolonged productivity slump and how our addiction to cars and meat is choking off more sustainable growth. We’ll talk to experts who make the case that growth can run side by side with policies that prevent the worst of global warming.  In an era when so much of our politics has been reduced to zero-sum arguments over who loses so someone else can win, we want to reopen the possibility of positive-sum progress — of building more; inventing more; and including more people in that story, while taking care of the planet. Growth won’t solve everything, but without it, almost nothing gets solved at scale. The Case for Growth is our attempt to put that idea back into conservation as part of a serious effort to make life more affordable, more sustainable, and more abundant in the US and far beyond. This series was supported by a grant from Arnold Ventures. Vox had full discretion over the content of this reporting. Cities made a bet on millennials — but forgot one key thing We can have growth while fighting climate change The long, fun list of things we could do with unlimited clean energy Why owning a house is overrated The massive stakes of the big federal housing bill, explained

Mapping the Exposome: Science Broadens Focus to Environmental Disease Triggers

By Deanna Neff HealthDay ReporterSATURDAY, Nov. 29, 2025 (HealthDay News) — After decades of intense focus on genetics, the biomedical research...

By Deanna Neff HealthDay ReporterSATURDAY, Nov. 29, 2025 (HealthDay News) — After decades of intense focus on genetics, the biomedical research community is undergoing a major shift, focusing on a new framework called "exposomics."Similar to the way scientists work to map the human genome, this emerging field aims to map the chemical, physical, social and biological elements a person encounters throughout their life.Experts estimate that genetic mutations account for only about 10% of diseases like Parkinson’s for example. The remaining 90% are thought to be caused by environmental factors, prompting scientists to look beyond genes, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) reported.Some examples of exposomic data include light and temperature, biomarkers in the blood or other body fluids, dietary intake, environmental chemicals, physical activity, income and education.The ultimate goal? To turn this big bucket of individual knowledge points into practical, personalized health solutions.Researchers envision a future where a person's "exposomic profile" is included in their electronic medical records, according to the AAMC.Gary Miller, vice dean for research strategy and innovation at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health in New York City, who helped coin the term two decades ago, says the field is now gaining momentum.Exposomics is an enormous undertaking because it requires researchers from various disciplines — including genetics, environmental science and data science — to work together.The goal is to move beyond simply identifying a single cause of disease and instead capture the entire picture of a person’s unique lifetime of exposures.Driving this surge are new technologies that can handle the sheer volume of data involved to map all of the possible exposures.Geospatial data: Satellite images and social determinants of health data help to measure location-specific exposures like air pollution and water quality. Mass spectrometry: Advanced chemical analysis helps to detect thousands of markers in biological samples like blood and urine. Wearable devices: Devices, such as the "exposometer" developed at Stanford Medicine in California, can collect chemical and biological samples directly from the wearer. Chirag Patel, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and co-leader of NEXUS, explained that his lab uses computational models and artifical intelligence to systematically sort through huge amounts of data.“We’re moving away from looking at causes for disease in a targeted fashion... and moving toward what are non-targeted mass spectrometry approaches,” Patel told AAMC.Rima Habre, also co-leader of NEXUS and associate professor of environmental health and spatial sciences at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, believes exposomics can help physicians move beyond educated guesswork.She says it's more "discovery-based." It allows researchers to scan everything and follow it up with hypothesis testing.As Miller notes, this new health assessment paradigm requires both sides of the coin: “The genomics and exposomics. They complement each other.”SOURCE: Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), Nov. 12, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

Some Suicide Victims Show No Typical Warning Signs, Study Finds

By I. Edwards HealthDay ReporterWEDNESDAY, Nov. 26, 2025 (HealthDay News) — For many families who lose someone to suicide, the same question comes...

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 26, 2025 (HealthDay News) — For many families who lose someone to suicide, the same question comes up again and again: “How did we not see this coming?”A new study suggests that for some people, there truly weren’t clear warning signs to see.Researchers at the University of Utah found that people who die by suicide without showing prior warning signs, such as suicidal thoughts or past attempts, may have different underlying risk factors than those who express suicidal behavior.About half of people who die by suicide have no known history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Many also don't have diagnosed mental health conditions like depression.To better understand these people, researchers analyzed anonymized genetic data from more than 2,700 people who died by suicide.They found that people with no prior signs of suicide had:"There are a lot of people out there who may be at risk of suicide where it’s not just that you’ve missed that they’re depressed, it’s likely that they’re in fact actually not depressed," lead study author Hilary Coon, a psychiatry professor at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, said in a news release."That is important in widening our view of who may be at risk," she added. "We need to start to think about aspects leading to risk in different ways."The study also found that this group wasn't any more likely than the general population to show traits like chronic low mood or neuroticism.Suicide prevention has long focused on identifying and treating depression and related mental health disorders. But this research suggests that approach may not reach everyone who's at risk."A tenet in suicide prevention has been that we just need to screen people better for associated conditions like depression," Coon explained."And if people had the same sort of underlying vulnerabilities, then additional efforts in screening might be very helpful. But for those who actually have different underlying vulnerabilities, then increasing that screening might not help for them."In other words: If someone isn’t depressed or showing typical symptoms, current screening tools may miss them.Coon and her team are now looking into other factors that might raise suicide risk in this hidden group, including chronic pain, inflammation and respiratory diseases.They are also studying traits that may protect against suicide to better understand why some people remain resilient even in difficult situations.She emphasized that there is no single suicide "gene."Her goal? To help doctors spot high-risk individuals earlier, even when they do not express suicidal thoughts."If people have a certain type of clinical diagnosis that makes them particularly vulnerable within particular environmental contexts, they still may not ever say they’re suicidal," Coon said. "We hope our work may help reveal traits and contexts associated with high risk so that doctors can deliver care more effectively and specifically."The 988 Lifeline is available for anyone facing mental health struggles, emotional distress, alcohol or drug use concerns or who just needs someone to talk to.SOURCE: University of Utah Health, news release, Nov. 24, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

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