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Abrupt layoffs at Portland’s Bird Alliance signal upheaval in beloved programs, volunteers say

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Thursday, September 5, 2024

Volunteers at the Bird Alliance of Oregon, the storied Portland conservation and education group, say recent leadership decisions have put essential and popular animal programs in jeopardy.Several volunteers told The Oregonian/OregonLive that sudden layoffs this summer at the organization, known until recently as Portland Audubon, have left an animal program beloved by children and funders alike at risk of closure and led to a brief shutdown of its wildlife rehabilitation center.The moves have placed increased strain on volunteers and remaining staff and led to a loss of trust in a group that usually enjoys widespread community support, they say.“We all are outraged and appalled by the ramifications of recent decisions. The Bird Alliance has tried to sweep everything under the carpet and move on, but a lot of us are worried. They haven’t given the public any warning,” said volunteer Valerie Dickie.At the end of June, at the height of bird breeding season when the wildlife care center is swamped with baby birds and other injured or orphaned animals, the Bird Alliance laid off two essential employees without notice.They were Stephanie Herman, the manager of the wildlife rehabilitation center, and Katie Newton, part-time coordinator of the Ambassador Animals program, which has taught generations of children about the importance of wildlife conservation.The layoffs came as the Bird Alliance is finalizing the purchase of a new property where it plans to build a larger, state-of-the-art wildlife rehabilitation hospital to replace the 37-year-old center that’s beyond repair, opening a new chapter for expansion.Stuart Wells, Bird Alliance executive director, said the layoffs occurred to prevent an operating budget deficit. The budget cycle dictated when staff would be let go, he said.While revenue has grown, the organization needs to maintain a reserve fund to ensure it can function in the event of a challenging, unpredictable situation such as the pandemic, he added.“Had we not done layoffs and other cost-cutting measures,” Wells said, “we would have depleted our reserves to a level which could put the larger organization at risk.”The Bird Alliance also laid off two other employees, a social media and marketing worker and a development manager.The layoffs weren’t linked to the Bird Alliance’s efforts to buy property in outer Northeast Portland, Wells said, because the capital campaign for a new rehabilitation center and the organization’s regular operating budget – which includes salaries -- are separate.The Bird Alliance currently employs about 45 people. It reported $8.35 million in revenue last year – the bulk of it coming from contributions and grants – and $5.9 million in expenses. Its latest tax return shows the nonprofit brought in $1 million more in revenue than the year before and held $16 million in net assets, roughly $3 million more than the previous year. Its assets included savings, investments, pledges and grants and its land and buildings. Some of those funds are restricted by donors to specific purposes such as perpetual endowments or capital campaigns and cannot be used for the operating budget.The group, more than 120 years old, has about 12,500 paid members and relies heavily on volunteers. Over 700 people donate their time during the year to assist with animal care, youth and adult education and habitat restoration at the group’s wildlife rehabilitation center and 172-acre wildlife sanctuary in Portland’s Forest Park and at two other sanctuaries on the central coast and in the foothills of Mount Hood.The ambassador animals live at the nonprofit’s Forest Park headquarters. Many of them have spent decades there; they cannot be released into the wild because they were raised in captivity or have an injury and won’t survive on their own.Current ambassadors include Julio, a great horned owl who has lived at the rehabilitation center for 20 years; Xena, an American kestrel, and Bybee, an endangered native western painted turtle. They are housed in shaded enclosures at the top of a popular sanctuary trail where tens of thousands of hikers pass by, including summer camps and other youth groups organized by the Bird Alliance.Newton oversaw the daily care of the animals, managed a public interpretive program, including sessions with camps and school field trips and oversaw volunteers working with the animals.Her layoff has shifted the work onto volunteers and left the program’s future up in the air.“Many of us remember visiting these animals as children. We are their home, friends and sanctuary. To not give the public a say in the relocation and cessation of the Ambassador program and its animals is a big mistake,” Dickie said.Newton couldn’t be immediately reached for comment. Several other volunteers echoed Dickie’s concerns but asked not to be named because they feared they would lose their volunteer positions.The ambassador program has been in transition in recent years. Two of the animal ambassadors – raven Aristophanes and turkey vulture Ruby – were relocated in 2022 after the pandemic to the Point Defiance Zoo in Tacoma. The Bird Alliance at the time said standards of care for the birds had evolved and it no longer had the staff capacity to care for such highly intelligent birds with complex social and training needs. The organization also said it was rebuilding the ambassador animal program post-COVID-19.Wells acknowledged that hundreds of thousands of people have met the ambassador animals and many have forged a special connection with them. But, he said, the leadership team is still figuring out whether the program will continue. He didn’t comment on why that’s the case.“At this stage we are assessing all options – including rehoming our three ambassadors – with our animal ambassadors’ well-being, and staff capacity to oversee and manage this program, given the highest consideration,” Wells said. “We will keep the public informed and will act with care and deliberation as we make this important decision.”Wells said the Bird Alliance would continue to invest in the wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned animals in northwest Oregon. Several other area rescues transport animals there for treatment. Last year, the center treated more than 3,100 injured or orphaned native birds and other native wildlife, including nearly 100 different bird species.A baby American Robin was sent via Uber to the Bird Alliance's wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned birds, mammals and reptiles in northwest Oregon. It treated more than 3,100 animals last year. Herman’s layoff came at the height of the busiest season, as the center triaged and fed several hundred birds and other animals, including baby hummingbirds, baby cowbirds, baby crows, baby jays, great horned owls, swallows, squirrels, ducklings, bats and a baby kestrel, volunteers said.Herman was the center’s sole holder of a permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and also fulfilled several requirements that made the program eligible for another permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, both of which allow the center to operate.Her abrupt layoff meant the Bird Alliance was out of compliance for several days and was forced to shutter its care center for 24 hours as another staffer scrambled to secure a new permit, volunteers said.Although staff and volunteers continued to feed and treat the animals during the closure, the center couldn’t accept new animals, leading to several dying, volunteers said.Herman told The Oregonian/OregonLive that despite constant reassurances from the leadership team and the organization’s board that they were working to improve conditions at the center, including by undertaking the land purchase to build a new facility, animal and staff well-being didn’t seem to be a top priority.“I experienced constant pressure to make the program less than it is and to continue to temporarily patch or ignore facilities issues that have been on the verge of catastrophic failure for decades,” she said. “Add to that frequent suggestions from board members and leadership that we should simply turn away people and animals or only take care of endangered species to save money, and a pattern of general promises of support followed by asking us what we needed, and then telling us we were asking for too much.”Wells said staffing at the center had doubled in the past few years. Currently, three full-time staff members, two part-time veterinarians, two seasonal workers and about 100 volunteers take care of the animals there.In a letter to the volunteers shared with The Oregonian/OregonLive, Wells acknowledged the permit snafu.“I want to express my sincerest apologies for the way that we rolled out layoffs during our organization’s incredibly difficult budget cycle,” he wrote. “I want to recognize how deeply the loss of Steph Herman and Katie Newton impacted the Wildlife Care Center community. I also acknowledge that removing their positions increased the workload for everyone else during the busiest time of year.”Wells promised to improve the transparency and timing of communications and said the Bird Alliance would work hard to regain trust and raise more money to ensure adequate staffing levels at the rehabilitation center.To that end, it has added a full-time grant writer and increased staffing to deepen relationships with existing donors and develop relationships with new donors, he told The Oregonian/OregonLive. In the meantime, it has increased the hours and terms for existing seasonal staff at the center.Regaining volunteers’ trust is key as the alliance plans to build a larger animal rehabilitation center to replace the existing one, which is too old and too small to handle the increasing onslaught of animal patients, the organization has said. Two years ago, the current center was further damaged during an ice storm and had to temporarily close for repairs.The Bird Alliance is in the process of purchasing a 12.5-acre site on Northeast 82nd Avenue across from McDaniel High School, the group’s spokesperson Ali Berman confirmed. The property, a former landfill and quarry owned by Mike Hashem, is one of the city’s largest undeveloped tracks and has sat vacant for years.Last week, the state filed a document as part of a court-approved consent order, the final step before the Bird Alliance can close on the property. The document specifies that the organization will be responsible for monitoring and remediating methane emissions at the site.Berman said methane levels at the property have been close to zero for at least a decade, but a monitoring system will be in place. The monitoring doesn’t pose a financial burden, she said.“Bird Alliance of Oregon has long advocated for restoring and redeveloping brownfields,” Berman said. “And now, we have an opportunity to put that in action while providing a valuable community asset and green space that will be accessible to the public.”— Gosia Wozniacka covers environmental justice, climate change, the clean energy transition and other environmental issues. Reach her at gwozniacka@oregonian.com or 971-421-3154.Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com

The group, formerly known as Portland Audubon, laid off the ambassador animal program coordinator and the rehab center manager. Director says layoffs were tied to the organization’s financial health.

Volunteers at the Bird Alliance of Oregon, the storied Portland conservation and education group, say recent leadership decisions have put essential and popular animal programs in jeopardy.

Several volunteers told The Oregonian/OregonLive that sudden layoffs this summer at the organization, known until recently as Portland Audubon, have left an animal program beloved by children and funders alike at risk of closure and led to a brief shutdown of its wildlife rehabilitation center.

The moves have placed increased strain on volunteers and remaining staff and led to a loss of trust in a group that usually enjoys widespread community support, they say.

“We all are outraged and appalled by the ramifications of recent decisions. The Bird Alliance has tried to sweep everything under the carpet and move on, but a lot of us are worried. They haven’t given the public any warning,” said volunteer Valerie Dickie.

At the end of June, at the height of bird breeding season when the wildlife care center is swamped with baby birds and other injured or orphaned animals, the Bird Alliance laid off two essential employees without notice.

They were Stephanie Herman, the manager of the wildlife rehabilitation center, and Katie Newton, part-time coordinator of the Ambassador Animals program, which has taught generations of children about the importance of wildlife conservation.

The layoffs came as the Bird Alliance is finalizing the purchase of a new property where it plans to build a larger, state-of-the-art wildlife rehabilitation hospital to replace the 37-year-old center that’s beyond repair, opening a new chapter for expansion.

Stuart Wells, Bird Alliance executive director, said the layoffs occurred to prevent an operating budget deficit. The budget cycle dictated when staff would be let go, he said.

While revenue has grown, the organization needs to maintain a reserve fund to ensure it can function in the event of a challenging, unpredictable situation such as the pandemic, he added.

“Had we not done layoffs and other cost-cutting measures,” Wells said, “we would have depleted our reserves to a level which could put the larger organization at risk.”

The Bird Alliance also laid off two other employees, a social media and marketing worker and a development manager.

The layoffs weren’t linked to the Bird Alliance’s efforts to buy property in outer Northeast Portland, Wells said, because the capital campaign for a new rehabilitation center and the organization’s regular operating budget – which includes salaries -- are separate.

The Bird Alliance currently employs about 45 people. It reported $8.35 million in revenue last year – the bulk of it coming from contributions and grants – and $5.9 million in expenses. Its latest tax return shows the nonprofit brought in $1 million more in revenue than the year before and held $16 million in net assets, roughly $3 million more than the previous year. Its assets included savings, investments, pledges and grants and its land and buildings. Some of those funds are restricted by donors to specific purposes such as perpetual endowments or capital campaigns and cannot be used for the operating budget.

The group, more than 120 years old, has about 12,500 paid members and relies heavily on volunteers. Over 700 people donate their time during the year to assist with animal care, youth and adult education and habitat restoration at the group’s wildlife rehabilitation center and 172-acre wildlife sanctuary in Portland’s Forest Park and at two other sanctuaries on the central coast and in the foothills of Mount Hood.

The ambassador animals live at the nonprofit’s Forest Park headquarters. Many of them have spent decades there; they cannot be released into the wild because they were raised in captivity or have an injury and won’t survive on their own.

Current ambassadors include Julio, a great horned owl who has lived at the rehabilitation center for 20 years; Xena, an American kestrel, and Bybee, an endangered native western painted turtle. They are housed in shaded enclosures at the top of a popular sanctuary trail where tens of thousands of hikers pass by, including summer camps and other youth groups organized by the Bird Alliance.

Newton oversaw the daily care of the animals, managed a public interpretive program, including sessions with camps and school field trips and oversaw volunteers working with the animals.

Her layoff has shifted the work onto volunteers and left the program’s future up in the air.

“Many of us remember visiting these animals as children. We are their home, friends and sanctuary. To not give the public a say in the relocation and cessation of the Ambassador program and its animals is a big mistake,” Dickie said.

Newton couldn’t be immediately reached for comment. Several other volunteers echoed Dickie’s concerns but asked not to be named because they feared they would lose their volunteer positions.

The ambassador program has been in transition in recent years. Two of the animal ambassadors – raven Aristophanes and turkey vulture Ruby – were relocated in 2022 after the pandemic to the Point Defiance Zoo in Tacoma. The Bird Alliance at the time said standards of care for the birds had evolved and it no longer had the staff capacity to care for such highly intelligent birds with complex social and training needs. The organization also said it was rebuilding the ambassador animal program post-COVID-19.

Wells acknowledged that hundreds of thousands of people have met the ambassador animals and many have forged a special connection with them. But, he said, the leadership team is still figuring out whether the program will continue. He didn’t comment on why that’s the case.

“At this stage we are assessing all options – including rehoming our three ambassadors – with our animal ambassadors’ well-being, and staff capacity to oversee and manage this program, given the highest consideration,” Wells said. “We will keep the public informed and will act with care and deliberation as we make this important decision.”

Wells said the Bird Alliance would continue to invest in the wildlife care center.

The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned animals in northwest Oregon. Several other area rescues transport animals there for treatment. Last year, the center treated more than 3,100 injured or orphaned native birds and other native wildlife, including nearly 100 different bird species.

Baby American Robin sent via Uber to Portland Audubon's Wildlife Care Center.

A baby American Robin was sent via Uber to the Bird Alliance's wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned birds, mammals and reptiles in northwest Oregon. It treated more than 3,100 animals last year.

Herman’s layoff came at the height of the busiest season, as the center triaged and fed several hundred birds and other animals, including baby hummingbirds, baby cowbirds, baby crows, baby jays, great horned owls, swallows, squirrels, ducklings, bats and a baby kestrel, volunteers said.

Herman was the center’s sole holder of a permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and also fulfilled several requirements that made the program eligible for another permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, both of which allow the center to operate.

Her abrupt layoff meant the Bird Alliance was out of compliance for several days and was forced to shutter its care center for 24 hours as another staffer scrambled to secure a new permit, volunteers said.

Although staff and volunteers continued to feed and treat the animals during the closure, the center couldn’t accept new animals, leading to several dying, volunteers said.

Herman told The Oregonian/OregonLive that despite constant reassurances from the leadership team and the organization’s board that they were working to improve conditions at the center, including by undertaking the land purchase to build a new facility, animal and staff well-being didn’t seem to be a top priority.

“I experienced constant pressure to make the program less than it is and to continue to temporarily patch or ignore facilities issues that have been on the verge of catastrophic failure for decades,” she said. “Add to that frequent suggestions from board members and leadership that we should simply turn away people and animals or only take care of endangered species to save money, and a pattern of general promises of support followed by asking us what we needed, and then telling us we were asking for too much.”

Wells said staffing at the center had doubled in the past few years. Currently, three full-time staff members, two part-time veterinarians, two seasonal workers and about 100 volunteers take care of the animals there.

In a letter to the volunteers shared with The Oregonian/OregonLive, Wells acknowledged the permit snafu.

“I want to express my sincerest apologies for the way that we rolled out layoffs during our organization’s incredibly difficult budget cycle,” he wrote. “I want to recognize how deeply the loss of Steph Herman and Katie Newton impacted the Wildlife Care Center community. I also acknowledge that removing their positions increased the workload for everyone else during the busiest time of year.”

Wells promised to improve the transparency and timing of communications and said the Bird Alliance would work hard to regain trust and raise more money to ensure adequate staffing levels at the rehabilitation center.

To that end, it has added a full-time grant writer and increased staffing to deepen relationships with existing donors and develop relationships with new donors, he told The Oregonian/OregonLive. In the meantime, it has increased the hours and terms for existing seasonal staff at the center.

Regaining volunteers’ trust is key as the alliance plans to build a larger animal rehabilitation center to replace the existing one, which is too old and too small to handle the increasing onslaught of animal patients, the organization has said. Two years ago, the current center was further damaged during an ice storm and had to temporarily close for repairs.

The Bird Alliance is in the process of purchasing a 12.5-acre site on Northeast 82nd Avenue across from McDaniel High School, the group’s spokesperson Ali Berman confirmed. The property, a former landfill and quarry owned by Mike Hashem, is one of the city’s largest undeveloped tracks and has sat vacant for years.

Last week, the state filed a document as part of a court-approved consent order, the final step before the Bird Alliance can close on the property. The document specifies that the organization will be responsible for monitoring and remediating methane emissions at the site.

Berman said methane levels at the property have been close to zero for at least a decade, but a monitoring system will be in place. The monitoring doesn’t pose a financial burden, she said.

“Bird Alliance of Oregon has long advocated for restoring and redeveloping brownfields,” Berman said. “And now, we have an opportunity to put that in action while providing a valuable community asset and green space that will be accessible to the public.”

— Gosia Wozniacka covers environmental justice, climate change, the clean energy transition and other environmental issues. Reach her at gwozniacka@oregonian.com or 971-421-3154.

Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com

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Small Alligator Rescued in Boston After Slithering Into the City's Heart on Social Media

Wildlife officials say a small alligator spotted along the Charles River in Boston this week has been rescued and delivered to safety

BOSTON (AP) — It wasn’t a croc — there really was an alligator on the loose in Boston.And the story of the city's slithering saurian appears to have a happy ending. The small alligator, spotted along the Charles River in Boston multiple times this week, has been rescued and delivered to safety, wildlife officials in Massachusetts said Thursday.The approximately foot-long crocodilian startled a few people and became an instant star on social media after confused onlookers took videos of it slithering away from sight. But the animal is not native to Massachusetts, and couldn't possibly survive the harsh New England winter, so the search for the wayward gator was on.A local wildlife educator captured the critter on Wednesday night, and it's now awaiting a permanent home, officials said.Harvard University graduate student Whitney Lieberman was among the residents who caught a glimpse of the exotic visitor. She said she notified wildlife authorities when she saw the creature while she was jogging to work.“Yeah, I did a double-take. For a second, I had to check myself — alligators are not native to Boston waterways, right?” Lieberman said. “I texted my co-workers because I had a morning meeting: ‘Hey guys, this is a good excuse to be late for work. There is an alligator right in front of me and I don’t know what to do.'"The animal was in jeopardy due to the chilly temperatures on the Charles, which was 51 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius) on Thursday. Alligators prefer temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius). They are cold-blooded and can't regulate their own temperature, so they enter a dormant, energy-saving state called brumation to survive colder temperatures.Joe Kenney, who runs a wildlife education business called Joe's Craz-zy Critters, captured the alligator, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife said in a statement. The state has temporarily authorized Kenney to keep the alligator while it evaluates the best long-term placement for it, the department said.The wildlife department said the alligator's appearance is still being investigated, but added it was most likely a pet that escaped or was intentionally released.“MassWildlife is working in close collaboration with the Environmental Police to find a safe home for this alligator as an educational animal with a permitted facility. This incident serves as an important reminder that it is not legal to keep alligators or any crocodilian species as pets in Massachusetts,” state herpetologist Mike Jones said in a statement.Alligators have a history of occasionally showing up in urban areas far from their native ranges. One, dubbed Chance the Snapper, turned up in Chicago in summer 2019 and was eventually trapped. Another one showed up on the Charles River in the Boston area in 2010.Whittle reported from Scarborough, Maine.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See – Oct. 2025

What we’ve done to the salmon

This story is part of a series supported by Animal Charity Evaluators, which received a grant from EarthShare. The last few decades have seen, arguably, the most sweeping transformation in how humans produce meat, and it has nothing to do with chickens, pigs, or cows. It has to do with fish. Traditionally, the vast majority […]

Farming salmon is bad at any stage of the fishs’ lives. This story is part of a series supported by Animal Charity Evaluators, which received a grant from EarthShare. The last few decades have seen, arguably, the most sweeping transformation in how humans produce meat, and it has nothing to do with chickens, pigs, or cows. It has to do with fish. Inside this story Over half of the world’s seafood now comes from fish farms, which resemble underwater factory farms. Chickens, pigs, and cows were domesticated over thousands of years, but fish have been domesticated in under a century. It’s created serious welfare issues, especially for salmon. Salmon are carnivorous and migrate thousands of miles. On farms, they’re reduced to swimming in small tanks and eating pellets. Fish farming has taken over the seafood sector, but some experts argue that it’s moved too fast, and we need to better understand welfare issues. Traditionally, the vast majority of fish that people consume has come from the ocean. But in 2022, humanity hit a significant milestone: Seafood companies began to raise more fish on farms than they caught from the sea. And they farm astonishingly large numbers of fish — in tiny, cramped enclosures that resemble underwater factory farms.  It amounts to the fastest and largest animal domestication project that humanity has ever undertaken.  For most of the land animals we eat today, domestication — or, as French fish researcher Fabrice Teletchea defined it, the “long and endless process during which animals become, generations after generations, more adapted to both captive conditions and humans” — has taken place over thousands of years. “In contrast,” a team of marine biologists wrote in the journal Science in 2007, the rise of fish farming “is a contemporary phenomenon,” taking off on a commercial scale around the 1970s.  By the early 2000s, humans were farming well over 200 aquatic animal species, virtually all of which had been domesticated or forced into unnatural conditions in extreme captivity over the course of the previous century, with many in just the prior decade. To put it another way, the marine biologists wrote, aquatic domestication occurred 100 times faster than the domestication of land animals — and on a vastly larger scale. Today, some 80 billion land animals are farmed annually, while an estimated 763 billion fish and crustaceans are farmed each year, a figure projected to quickly grow in the decade ahead. What’s more, this attempt to speedrun domestication occurred even as a clear scientific consensus emerged in recent decades that fish can suffer and feel pain. The revolution in how humans produce seafood has enormous implications for our relationship with species we’ve barely given any thought to. To understand why, consider America’s favorite fish to eat, and one of the most difficult to farm: salmon.  Like farming tigers Salmon farming is a relatively new industry, and it emerged largely in response to manmade problems.  Over the last century, overfishing — combined with industrial pollution, climate change, and heavy damming — has decimated wild Atlantic salmon populations. By 2000, the species gained protection under the Endangered Species Act after it was nearly driven to extinction in the US, effectively banning the commercial fishing of Atlantic salmon. Salmon populations in Europe, along with Pacific salmon populations on the West Coast of the US and beyond, have also experienced significant declines.  To take pressure off depleted wild populations, seafood producers began to scale salmon farming in the 1970s, with ample help from governments in the form of R&D, grants, state financing programs, and more. It’s proven to be a smashing commercial success. Last year, salmon farming companies — which are most concentrated in Norway, Chile, and the UK and export their product around the world — produced 2.8 million metric tons of the fish, or around 560 million individual salmon. They’re typically raised in tanks on land until they’re a year old then transferred to nets and cages floating in the ocean just offshore to be fattened up and eventually slaughtered (they’re supposed to be rendered unconscious prior to slaughter, with either electric stunning or a club to the head, though some aren’t successfully stunned). About one out of every five are shipped off to the US, where “young affluent consumers love to eat salmon,” according to the Norwegian company Mowi, the world’s biggest salmon producer. This taste for salmon and the farming industry it has necessitated has, in just a few generations, dramatically transformed what it means to be a salmon. In the wild, salmon live incredibly complex lives and embark on epic journeys. But on farms, they can’t do any of that.  According to Becca Franks, an assistant professor of environmental studies at New York University, salmon farming has created grave welfare problems by denying the animals the ability to engage in two of their essential natural behaviors: migrating and hunting.  In the US, Atlantic salmon begin their lives as eggs buried a foot under freshwater riverbeds in Maine, where they remain for six months until they hatch and emerge in search of food. At a few years old, they migrate hundreds of miles northward into the salty Atlantic ocean, then hundreds of miles further out into the Labrador Sea, near Greenland. There, they quickly put on weight — feeding on krill, herring, and crustaceans — which they’ll need for the long journey home that they make after a couple years of dining out at sea. Following scents and using the earth’s magnetic field, Atlantic salmon swim over 1,000 miles back to their home streams to spawn the next generation.  The salmon’s life cycle inspires more awe and reverence than most species in the animal kingdom, but on farms, they’re reduced to swimming in tiny circles for years and subsisting on small, manmade pellets. Their “welfare is harmed through loss of agency and choice,” Franks told me in an email. She likens salmon farming to trying to farm tigers.   Sophie Ryan, CEO of the Global Salmon Initiative — a coalition of salmon farming companies — challenged the idea that domestication has harmed salmon. “They have been domesticated over more than 50 years — similar to cattle or poultry — and have been selectively bred to thrive in a farm environment,” Ryan told me in an email. “Their nutritional needs, swimming patterns, and energy use are different from wild salmon, because their environment and purpose are different.” The selective breeding that Ryan speaks of has been used to make farmed salmon grow twice as fast as their wild counterparts, which has led to a number of serious health issues: heart problems, spinal deformities, high levels of deafness, and increased risk of an early death. They’re also more aggressive than wild salmon. To boost growth even further, salmon farms keep their lights on up to 24 hours a day, which makes the fish eat more and can damage their retinas. And in a concerning twist, the domestication of farmed salmon is hurting wild salmon. Since the 1970s, tens of millions of farmed salmon have managed to escape and compete for resources with wild salmon and even mate with them, leading to “genetic pollution” that has resulted in a hybrid line of salmon.  “We may now need to recognize a new biological entity — Salmo domesticus,” biologist Mart Gross wrote in a 1998 paper, “and treat it as an ‘exotic’ when it escapes into the wild.” Some research has found that these hybrid fish have lower survival rates. That means that the farming of salmon, which was intended to give wild salmon populations a break, created a new challenge for them. “Escape prevention is a top priority, with ongoing improvements in net strength, mooring systems, and real-time digital monitoring,” Ryan of the Global Salmon Initiative said. “Where escapes do occur, companies are required to report them and work with regulators to assess potential impacts on wild populations.” Franks considers fish farming a form of “captive dewilding”: the process of modifying animals to conform to captivity and to the harms that befall them as a result. And the reality of that captivity can be incredibly cruel. Fish farms up close In 2019, animal rights activist Erin Wing worked undercover with the group Animal Outlook for four months at a salmon hatchery in Maine operated by Cooke Aquaculture, one of the world’s largest salmon farming companies. Wing documented workers culling diseased fish by hitting them against the sides of tanks multiple times; fish thrown into buckets still alive, left to suffocate or be crushed to death by other fish; fish born with spinal deformities; and fish dying from nasty fungal diseases that ate away parts of their faces. “Over the years, you kinda get desensitized,” one employee told her.  In response to Wing’s investigation, Cooke Aquaculture CEO Glenn Cooke said in a statement that the company would re-train employees at the Maine facility. “We place animal welfare high in our operating standards and endeavor to raise our animals with optimal care and consideration of best practice,” Cooke said, adding that “what we saw today is most certainly not reflective of these standards.”  Wing, who has spent her career investigating factory farms, is skeptical of industry standards. “There are these [animal welfare] industry standards that are in place, and there are these guidelines, but at the end of the day, there’s not really any enforcement,” Wing told me. “So these farms will make up whatever rules they want that will work for them, for their workers, and then they’ll operate as they see fit. And that usually results in a lot of these animals suffering needlessly.”  Some of the suffering stems from putting farmed animals in the ocean, as crowding hundreds of thousands of salmon together in open waters attracts sea lice — tiny, painful parasites that feed on the salmon’s skin and can even kill them. In 2023, almost 17 percent of Norwegian farmed salmon died before they could be slaughtered for meat, largely from infectious diseases and injuries. To combat the scourge of sea lice, salmon farmers had, for years, dumped chemicals into the water to kill them, along with antibiotics and other chemicals to protect the fish from a range of fungal and viral diseases. These pollutants, combined with vast amounts of animal waste generated by the salmon, fall to the ocean floor and pollute marine ecosystems. That, in turn, contributes to what Franks calls “environmental dewilding,” or the process of modifying natural water bodies with artificial infrastructure — in this case, fish farm pens and cages — and polluting them. Sea lice have since developed resistance to these chemicals, so, over the last decade, salmon farmers have switched to other methods — including subjecting salmon to high heat — which can cause pain, injuries, and death.   The International Salmon Farmers Association and the Global Seafood Alliance didn’t respond to interview requests. Not just salmon  If we accept that farming salmon is bad for them and the environments in which they’re raised — and that we should protect dwindling wild populations — then we’ll have to accept eating a lot less salmon. We’ll also have to reconsider the ethical implications of farming many other fish species. Fair Fish, a team of fish welfare researchers, has compared the natural behavior and welfare needs of nearly 100 fish species with the conditions they experience on farms. Out of the 100 analyzed species, only two — tilapia and carp — have “the potential to be farmed in somewhat decent conditions,” according to João Saraiva, who researches fish ethology at the Centre of Marine Sciences in Faro, Portugal, and runs the nonprofit Fish Etho Group. But that doesn’t mean that they actually are; both tilapia and carp farms tend to be overcrowded, with poor water quality and high rates of disease. (Saraiva has worked with Fair Fish on its analyses but is no longer involved in the project.)  By contrast, he said, salmon is “way down on the list,” meaning it’s especially hard for farms to meet their basic welfare needs.  Fair Fish’s research demonstrates how little attention the fish farming industry, and the governments that helped it take over the seafood sector, has paid to the simple question of how its captives experience being farmed. It also illustrates the damage we can do when we flatten “fish” — an incredibly diverse group of species — into a monolith.  Franks said industry and government need to pump the brakes on the expansion of fish and crustacean farming, which is currently the world’s fastest-growing agricultural sector, noting, “I think we should not be farming any new species of fish or crustaceans and putting in transition programs for folks already farming those species to move towards seaweeds and bivalves.” The latter is a class of invertebrate animals that includes scallops, oysters, and mussels, which Franks said have far fewer environmental and welfare concerns than farmed fish and crustaceans (whether bivalves are sentient or can feel pain remains an ongoing scientific debate).   She’s one of the few academics studying fish farming willing to go there, to suggest that we ought to fundamentally rethink how we produce seafood and how much of it we consume. “I think there is a huge reluctance to even broach the possibility of shifting diets away” from animal protein, said Franks. When the global fish farming boom took off, many in the field had good intentions, and it looked good on paper; a way to boost the global food supply without further exploiting oceans. Plus, fish tend to have a lower carbon footprint than farmed land species (though higher than plant-based proteins). But few questions were asked about what it would mean, ethically and environmentally, to rapidly domesticate, then confine and slaughter, hundreds of billions of animals annually with distinct needs — let alone the capacity to feel pain.  Researchers like Saraiva and Franks are trying to convince the world to catch up with what we now know about fish and to further expand our knowledge. As consumers, we can help, and we can start by thinking twice about the salmon on our plates. 

Housing secretary tells Labour MPs to vote down planning bill amendment

Amendment restricts protection for animals to allow faster house buildingHousing secretary Steve Reed has told Labour MPs to vote down an amendment to the new planning bill intended to protect British wildlife and its habitats from destruction.The amendment, which was passed with a large majority in the House of Lords, restricts the most controversial part of the draft bill by removing protected animals such as dormice, badgers, hedgehogs, otters and nightingales, and rare habitats such as wetlands and ancient woodlands, from new rules which allow developers to sidestep environmental laws to speed up house building. Continue reading...

Housing secretary Steve Reed has told Labour MPs to vote down an amendment to the new planning bill intended to protect British wildlife and its habitats from destruction.The amendment, which was passed with a large majority in the House of Lords, restricts the most controversial part of the draft bill by removing protected animals such as dormice, badgers, hedgehogs, otters and nightingales, and rare habitats such as wetlands and ancient woodlands, from new rules which allow developers to sidestep environmental laws to speed up house building.Under the draft legislation proposed by Labour, developers will be able to pay into a national “nature recovery fund” and go ahead with their project straight away, instead of having to carry out an environmental survey and to first avoid, then mitigate damage, before putting spades into the ground.Experts say this is a regression on decades-old environmental law and it has been criticised as “cash to trash” by ecologists and environmental groups.The Lords’ amendment would mean the nature recovery fund is restricted to impacts from water and air pollution, meaning developers would still have to take the usual measures to mitigate damage to wildlife and habitats.Reed has recommended rejecting the amendment when the bill returns to the Commons on Thursday for the final stages before being passed into law.In a letter to MPs some of the UK’s biggest nature charities, including the Wildlife Trusts and RSPB, say the government rollback of environmental law “lacks any rigorous scientific or ecological justification.“There is no credible, published, or well established evidence that this model can simply be scaled or replicated for multiple species nationwide without risking serious ecological harm, legal uncertainty, and increased costs for both developers and land managers,” the letter reads.The Guardian revealed this week how the chancellor, Rachel Reeves, and housing minister Matthew Pennycook have met scores of developers in the past year over the planning bill. Reeves has not met a single environmental organisation or the body for professional ecologists, while Pennycook has had just four meetings with such groups, compared with 16 with leading developers.A spokesperson for the Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government said: “The planning and infrastructure bill will remove barriers to building vital new homes and infrastructure and this amendment is an unnecessary limit on the benefits which the nature restoration fund will create for both nature and the economy. There are already safeguards in our legislation to ensure environmental delivery plans are effective for the environment, as we get Britain building again and deliver the homes we need.”

I discovered a new Australian native bee, but there are still hundreds we need to identify

The discovery of a horned native bee that pollinates a rare plant highlights how little we know about Australian pollinators.

The female of the species has devil-like black horns, and a taste for extremely rare pollen. But until now, this Australian native bee has never been officially named or identified. My discovery of Megachile (Hackeriapis) lucifer, underscores the lack of knowledge and investment in Australia’s unique native bees. Whilst considerable funding and attention has been focused on the introduced European honey bee, Apis mellifera, there are still hundreds of native bees that are yet to be identified and named. How was this bee found? This fascinating new megachile (or leaf cutter) bee was first discovered while on a surveying trip in the Bremer Ranges in the goldfields region of Western Australia in 2019. I was conducting surveys for pollinators – such as bees, other insects, flies and wasps – of a critically endangered plant called Bremer marianthus, or Marianthus aquilonaris, which is only known in this region. Sadly, as is common for many threatened plant species, the pollinators for this straggly shrub with blue-tinged white flowers were completely unknown. One of the native bees collected on this visit immediately caught my attention because the female had large devil-like horns protruding from her clypeus – the broad plate on the front of a bee’s head. When I investigated, it was clear this wasn’t a species that had been found before. Whilst some native bees have horns or prongs, none have the large and slightly curved horns of this one. Comparing it with museum specimens, along with DNA barcoding, confirmed this species was new to collectors and to science. DNA barcoding also revealed a male native bee I had collected at the site was her partner, but he lacked horns. This is the opposite of the situation in much of the animal kingdom, where the males are more likely to be amoured. Bringer of light When you discover a new species, you have the honour of choosing a name. The first new species of native bee I “described” (or scientifically identified) in 2022, Leioproctus zephyr, is named after my dog, Zephyr. For this new species, the horns meant the name Lucifer was a perfect choice. Lucifer is also Latin for “light bringer”, and I hope this new species brings to light the wonders of our native bees. Australia has more than 2,000 species of native bees. They help keep our ecosystems healthy and play a crucial role in pollinating wildflowers. We need to understand native bees This new native bee, Megachile lucifer, is only one of an estimated 500 native bees that are not described. Far more attention has been given to the introduced European honey bee Apis mellifera. Whilst the honey bee is important for crop pollination, this species is not threatened, and can in fact harm our native bees. The truth is honeybees compete with native animals for food and habitat, disrupt native pollination systems and pose a serious biosecurity threat to our honey and pollination industries. Currently, there no requirement to survey for native bees in areas about to be mined, farmed or developed. Even if they are found, any species that has not been officially identified it has no conservation standing, which is one reason why taxonomic research is so important. Protect the pollinators Megachile lucifer was collected on a flowering mallee plant that attracted thousands of native bees and other insects. In subsequent years of surveying this site, the mallee was not flowering, Megachile lucifer was not seen, and far fewer insects were recorded. With no monitoring of native bees, we also don’t know how their populations are faring in response to threatening processes, like climate change. More interest and investment into the taxonomy, conservation and ecology of native bees, means we can protect both them and the rare and precious plants they pollinate. Kit Prendergast received funding from the Atlas of Living Australia, with a Biodiversity Mobilisation Grant and Goldfields Environmental Management Group Grant. The surveys were conducted as an ecological consultant, subcontracted to Botanica Consulting, who were commissioned by Audalia Resources Limited.

Margay Rescued in Costa Rica After Backyard Sighting

A young margay wandered into a residential backyard here, prompting a swift rescue by environmental officials who found the wildcat in an oddly calm state. The incident unfolded on November 5 when a local resident noticed the small feline resting on a low branch in their yard. Concerned about potential risks to a child or […] The post Margay Rescued in Costa Rica After Backyard Sighting appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

A young margay wandered into a residential backyard here, prompting a swift rescue by environmental officials who found the wildcat in an oddly calm state. The incident unfolded on November 5 when a local resident noticed the small feline resting on a low branch in their yard. Concerned about potential risks to a child or nearby farm animals, the family contacted the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), part of the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE). Officials from the Tortuguero Conservation Area arrived quickly and identified the animal as a margay, known scientifically as Leopardus wiedii and locally as caucel. The cat’s docile demeanor stood out—it appeared asleep and showed no fear of people, which raised questions about its background. For the safety of both the community and the animal, the team captured it without incident. They placed the margay in a secure carrier and moved it to an approved wildlife rescue center for assessment. Veterinarians at the center sedated the margay for a thorough check. They reported the animal in solid health overall, with no major wounds. However, they removed several porcupine quills from around its mouth, signs of a recent failed hunt in the forest. Experts now observe the young margay over the coming days to check for any human habituation, which could suggest prior captivity. If tests confirm it retains wild instincts, authorities plan to release it back into a protected natural area. SINAC used the event to stress proper handling of wildlife encounters. Residents should avoid contact and report sightings to officials or emergency services at 9-1-1, allowing trained teams to step in safely. Margays rank among Costa Rica’s six native wildcat species, sharing forests with jaguars, pumas, ocelots, oncillas, and jaguarundis. These agile climbers can descend trees headfirst and grip branches with a single hind paw. Yet they face ongoing pressures from shrinking habitats and illegal pet trade captures. This rescue highlights how human expansion brings wildlife closer to homes, calling for balanced conservation efforts in regions like Pococí. The post Margay Rescued in Costa Rica After Backyard Sighting appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

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