Cookies help us run our site more efficiently.

By clicking “Accept”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information or to customize your cookie preferences.

Oregon community members stage tree sit-in over plans to log 15,000 acres of forest

News Feed
Monday, April 8, 2024

Environmentalists groups in Oregon are staging tree sits over the logging and sale of old growth forest trees.Last Monday, activists began occupying trees in Southern Oregon’s Wolf Creek area that are slated to be logged under the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Poor Windy Forest Management Project, which would cut down nearly 15,000 acres, almost 4,000 of which are old and mature-growth forests.Sam Shields, a community organizer involved with the sit-in, said logging of forestlands in the Pacific Northwest has been a contentious issue for decades. Shields is part of a coalition of community members, conservationists and environmentalists who are concerned about deforestation across the state.“Many formal nonprofits are litigating and writing to legislators to try to change policy,” Shields said. “We, the community members most impacted, are putting our bodies on the line to ensure that while these other methods are being taken, logging does not move forward.”According to a 2018 study, 36 million trees were cut down annually over a five-year period in the U.S. Old-growth trees are being threatened in North Carolina, Vermont, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Arizona, California and Oregon, according to a 2022 report by multiple environmentalist groups detailing the ten worst federal projects across the U.S.Activists said mature forests gather and hold large amounts of carbon and are a cost-effective way to mitigate climate change. Old-growth trees are also more resistant to fires and warming climates. Studies have found that forests in Oregon are among the most carbon-rich in the world and logging is the state’s largest source of carbon emissions.Although these forests are located on federal public lands, they are in danger as agencies move forward with logging and timber sale projects across the state, Shields said. Poor Windy is their current focus because it is one of the first projects “where there’s chainsaws on the ground,” he added.In addition to the Poor Windy project, there are two others in Oregon groups are particularly concerned about: the Flat Country Timber Sale in Willamette National Forest, which would clear 2,000 acres of older forests; and the BLM’s Integrated Vegetation Management Project, which would cut down 20,000 acres of trees that are more than 150 years old.“The Western Oregon BLM office often puts logging above wildlife, watersheds, recreation and other forest values,” Climate Forests Campaign, a coalition of environmental groups, said in a statement. “Nearly 1 million acres of mature and old-growth trees are at grave risk of being logged unless the agency stops targeting these trees for industrial logging.”Old-growth trees are more resilient but the vast majority in the U.S. have already been logged. Those that are left are mostly on federal public lands and surrounded by private thickly-packed plantations that are cleared every 40-60 years and are therefore less resistant to fire.Last week, oral arguments began in a federal courthouse in Medford, Oregon, against the integrated vegetation BLM project that would “aggressively log forest stands located within… areas purportedly set aside for forest conservation,” according to KS Wild, a nonprofit that aims to protect green spaces in the Klamath-Siskiyou region of southwest Oregon and northwest California.The projects, which have already been approved, would eliminate essential habitats the threatened northern spotted owl and other species use for nesting, roosting and foraging, environmentalists said. Advocates said the logging will impact fire-resilient trees and sediment will compromise freshwater resources and areas where the Pacific salmon spawn.The first commercial timber sales of the Penn Butte and Late Mungers wildlands are scheduled to begin May 15. Thousands of acres of land have already been logged under these projects, inspiring protests in the community.Activists described the BLM as a “rogue agency completely out of step” with commitments from the federal government to protect old-growth forests. Community members believe the agency is moving quickly on logging projects to avoid new regulations.KS Wild and other environmental organizations in late March filed a legal complaint against the Medford District BLM’s efforts to log forest areas outside Oregon’s Gold Hill and Rouge River communities. Conservationists said these lands are healthy older forests designated for recreation, conservation and water protection. They believe the land management bureau’s aim is to increase commercial timber volume without regard to those concerns, however.“While it is refreshing that BLM has abandoned this fake pretense and admitted that it is timber volume driving the more aggressive logging being proposed, it does not make this logging any less illegal or worrisome,” said George Sexton, KS Wild conservation director, in a statement.Though the project includes prescription burns and restoration logging that could increase fire resilience in the area, conservationists worry over what they claim is “the heaviest of the commercial logging proposed by BLM,” which would negatively impact the ecosystem and go against commitments to preserve wildlands.Environmentalists also pointed to the disconnect between the agency’s continued logging and President Joe Biden’s commitment to “conserve and restore America’s mature and old growth forests.” In 2022, Biden signed an executive order creating a nationwide plan with efforts to conserve and restore old-growth forests across the National Forest System.It also included plans to update the Northwest Forest Plan for the first time since 2007 to protect mature ecosystems in some federally-managed forests in Washington, Oregon and California. These forests contain about one-quarter of all the remaining old growth found in national forests across the mainland U.S. and are a “key climate solution,” absorbing carbon dioxide equivalent to more than 10 percent of annual U.S. emissions, White House officials said.But activists say the Biden Administration has not upheld its promise.“Public forests are needed for public benefits, like carbon storage and wildfire resilience,” Francis Eatherington, a longtime forest activist and Douglas County resident, said in a statement. “Instead they are being logging for private profit, lining the pockets of the timber millionaires at the expense of rural Oregonians.”The U.S. Forest Service and the BLM manage a combined 32 million acres of old growth lands and about 80 million acres of mature forests across the country — about 63 percent of all forested lands managed by these agencies.“By protecting these forests and keeping them standing, we are ensuring that they can protect our communities from the climate crisis, from increasing wildfire risk, from increasing drought — all the massive benefits that they provide to folks living in the area,” Shields said.

The first commercial timber sales of the Penn Butte and Late Mungers wildlands are scheduled to begin May 15. Thousands of acres of land have already been logged under these Oregon projects, inspiring protests in the community.

Environmentalists groups in Oregon are staging tree sits over the logging and sale of old growth forest trees.

Last Monday, activists began occupying trees in Southern Oregon’s Wolf Creek area that are slated to be logged under the U.S. Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Poor Windy Forest Management Project, which would cut down nearly 15,000 acres, almost 4,000 of which are old and mature-growth forests.

Sam Shields, a community organizer involved with the sit-in, said logging of forestlands in the Pacific Northwest has been a contentious issue for decades. Shields is part of a coalition of community members, conservationists and environmentalists who are concerned about deforestation across the state.

“Many formal nonprofits are litigating and writing to legislators to try to change policy,” Shields said. “We, the community members most impacted, are putting our bodies on the line to ensure that while these other methods are being taken, logging does not move forward.”

According to a 2018 study, 36 million trees were cut down annually over a five-year period in the U.S. Old-growth trees are being threatened in North Carolina, Vermont, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Arizona, California and Oregon, according to a 2022 report by multiple environmentalist groups detailing the ten worst federal projects across the U.S.

Activists said mature forests gather and hold large amounts of carbon and are a cost-effective way to mitigate climate change. Old-growth trees are also more resistant to fires and warming climates. Studies have found that forests in Oregon are among the most carbon-rich in the world and logging is the state’s largest source of carbon emissions.

Although these forests are located on federal public lands, they are in danger as agencies move forward with logging and timber sale projects across the state, Shields said. Poor Windy is their current focus because it is one of the first projects “where there’s chainsaws on the ground,” he added.

In addition to the Poor Windy project, there are two others in Oregon groups are particularly concerned about: the Flat Country Timber Sale in Willamette National Forest, which would clear 2,000 acres of older forests; and the BLM’s Integrated Vegetation Management Project, which would cut down 20,000 acres of trees that are more than 150 years old.

“The Western Oregon BLM office often puts logging above wildlife, watersheds, recreation and other forest values,” Climate Forests Campaign, a coalition of environmental groups, said in a statement. “Nearly 1 million acres of mature and old-growth trees are at grave risk of being logged unless the agency stops targeting these trees for industrial logging.”

Old-growth trees are more resilient but the vast majority in the U.S. have already been logged. Those that are left are mostly on federal public lands and surrounded by private thickly-packed plantations that are cleared every 40-60 years and are therefore less resistant to fire.

Last week, oral arguments began in a federal courthouse in Medford, Oregon, against the integrated vegetation BLM project that would “aggressively log forest stands located within… areas purportedly set aside for forest conservation,” according to KS Wild, a nonprofit that aims to protect green spaces in the Klamath-Siskiyou region of southwest Oregon and northwest California.

The projects, which have already been approved, would eliminate essential habitats the threatened northern spotted owl and other species use for nesting, roosting and foraging, environmentalists said. Advocates said the logging will impact fire-resilient trees and sediment will compromise freshwater resources and areas where the Pacific salmon spawn.

The first commercial timber sales of the Penn Butte and Late Mungers wildlands are scheduled to begin May 15. Thousands of acres of land have already been logged under these projects, inspiring protests in the community.

Activists described the BLM as a “rogue agency completely out of step” with commitments from the federal government to protect old-growth forests. Community members believe the agency is moving quickly on logging projects to avoid new regulations.

KS Wild and other environmental organizations in late March filed a legal complaint against the Medford District BLM’s efforts to log forest areas outside Oregon’s Gold Hill and Rouge River communities. Conservationists said these lands are healthy older forests designated for recreation, conservation and water protection. They believe the land management bureau’s aim is to increase commercial timber volume without regard to those concerns, however.

“While it is refreshing that BLM has abandoned this fake pretense and admitted that it is timber volume driving the more aggressive logging being proposed, it does not make this logging any less illegal or worrisome,” said George Sexton, KS Wild conservation director, in a statement.

Though the project includes prescription burns and restoration logging that could increase fire resilience in the area, conservationists worry over what they claim is “the heaviest of the commercial logging proposed by BLM,” which would negatively impact the ecosystem and go against commitments to preserve wildlands.

Environmentalists also pointed to the disconnect between the agency’s continued logging and President Joe Biden’s commitment to “conserve and restore America’s mature and old growth forests.” In 2022, Biden signed an executive order creating a nationwide plan with efforts to conserve and restore old-growth forests across the National Forest System.

It also included plans to update the Northwest Forest Plan for the first time since 2007 to protect mature ecosystems in some federally-managed forests in Washington, Oregon and California. These forests contain about one-quarter of all the remaining old growth found in national forests across the mainland U.S. and are a “key climate solution,” absorbing carbon dioxide equivalent to more than 10 percent of annual U.S. emissions, White House officials said.

But activists say the Biden Administration has not upheld its promise.

“Public forests are needed for public benefits, like carbon storage and wildfire resilience,” Francis Eatherington, a longtime forest activist and Douglas County resident, said in a statement. “Instead they are being logging for private profit, lining the pockets of the timber millionaires at the expense of rural Oregonians.”

The U.S. Forest Service and the BLM manage a combined 32 million acres of old growth lands and about 80 million acres of mature forests across the country — about 63 percent of all forested lands managed by these agencies.

“By protecting these forests and keeping them standing, we are ensuring that they can protect our communities from the climate crisis, from increasing wildfire risk, from increasing drought — all the massive benefits that they provide to folks living in the area,” Shields said.

Read the full story here.
Photos courtesy of

Robbi Mecus, Who Helped Foster L.G.B.T.Q. Climbing Community, Dies at 52

Ms. Mecus, a New York State forest ranger who worked in the Adirondacks, died after falling about 1,000 feet from a peak at Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska.

Robbi Mecus, a New York State forest ranger who led search-and-rescue missions and became a prominent voice within the L.G.B.T.Q. climbing community, died after falling about 1,000 feet from a peak at Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska on Thursday. She was 52.Her death was confirmed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, where she worked for 25 years.Ms. Mecus, who worked mostly in the Adirondacks, searched for and rescued lost and injured climbers facing hypothermia and other threats in the wilderness. This month, she helped rescue a frostbitten hiker who was lost in the Adirondack Mountains overnight.At age 44, she came out as transgender, she said in a 2019 interview with the New York City Trans Oral History project. She then worked to foster a supportive community for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning climbers in the North Country of New York.“I want people to see that trans people can do amazing things,” she said in an interview for a climbing website, goEast, in 2022. “I think it helps when young trans people see other trans people accomplishing things. I think it lets them know that their life doesn’t have to be full of negativity and it can actually be really rad.”Basil Seggos, former commissioner of New York’s Department of Environmental Conservation, called Ms. Mecus a “pillar of strength” and a tremendous leader for L.G.B.T.Q.+ rights, noting she was “always there” for the most difficult rescues and crises.Subscribe to The Times to read as many articles as you like.

New Multnomah Falls parking fees spark debate, federal review

A private shuttle company is charging up to $20 to park in spots that used to be free.

Multnomah Falls visitors have already had to contend with traffic jams, new timed entry permits and occasional closures. Now some are staring at new parking fees.A small private parking lot across the street from the waterfall on the Historic Columbia River Highway has become a flashpoint for debate after new parking meters went up last weekend charging visitors up to $20 for what had previously been free spots.Sasquatch Shuttle — the company that operates the lot, runs a seasonal shuttle service to the falls and offers guided tours of the historic highway – implemented the new parking fees Thursday to alleviate congestion in the Columbia Gorge, the Salem Statesman Journal first reported Friday.The fees do not affect the main Multnomah Falls parking lot off Interstate 84, which remains free. Sasquatch Shuttle said it has leased the small lot on the historic highway from Union Pacific Railroad and will charge between $5 and $20 based on the day and season.The fees are reportedly rankling some visitors and have raised concerns within the U.S. Forest Service, which manages Multnomah Falls and is reviewing the situation.“While the Forest Service is interested in new approaches to reduce congestion and increase traffic safety around Multnomah Falls, we need to ensure it’s done in way that balances public access needs through an equity lens with our responsibilities to protect and preserve this landscape,” the federal agency said in an emailed statement.“We typically do that by requiring projects or changes like this to undergo a detailed approval process, including coordination with our partners, to ensure compliance with the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Act,” the statement said.Nic Granum, deputy forest supervisor for the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, said although new parking fees have been under discussion for years, it isn’t clear whether Sasquatch Shuttle is permitted to implement them. The ownership of that parking lot is also currently in question, despite the arrangement struck between the railroad company and shuttle service, Granum said.The national scenic area is a confusing patchwork of federal, state, county, city and private lands, where small parcels can lead to major headaches whenever land ownership is called into question.Granum said there’s currently no timeline for sorting out the issue at Multnomah Falls, but emphasized the agency’s sense of urgency.“It’s a high priority for us to get this resolved,” Granum said. “I think the more clarity we have the better.”People visit Multnomah Falls in the Columbia River Gorge on Tuesday, April 23, 2024.Jamie Hale/The OregonianFee signs are set up in the Sasquatch Shuttle pay lot at Multnomah Falls.Jamie Hale/The OregonianMeanwhile, Sasquatch Shuttle owners said they are simply implementing a crowd control measure that has been a long time coming, using their status as a private company to enact change much more quickly than the various government agencies that operate in the Columbia Gorge.“We’re doing what the government was unable to do,” co-owner Kent Krumpschmidt said.Sasquatch Shuttle also owns a 250-space parking lot in nearby Bridal Veil, where people can pay $5 for parking and a shuttle ride to Multnomah Falls. The company said those who don’t want to pay up to $20 to park in the roughly 48-space lot in front of the falls are encouraged to use their shuttle instead.On Tuesday afternoon, the company’s small pay lot near Multnomah Falls was nearly full, even though plenty of parking spaces were open in the free lot off Interstate 84. A parking attendant, who was busy collecting $10 payments, said the company would be charging $20 once its shuttle was up and running in May.The Sasquatch Shuttle parking, located steps away from the Multnomah Falls Lodge, offers premium access for those who want it, the company said. They also happen to be the only parking spots for those visiting the waterfall via the Historic Columbia River Highway, which runs parallel to the interstate.There is no convenient way to get from the historic highway to the main Multnomah Falls parking lot, forcing visitors to either bypass the main attraction of the famed “waterfall corridor” or jockey for spots in the small pay lot. That design has led to the infamous traffic congestion issues, which all parties in the Columbia River Gorge have been working to correct.“It’s a massive safety issue, and it’s also an environmental concern,” said Krumpschmidt, who is a former deputy with the Multnomah County Sheriff’s Office. “There were many instances where emergency response was delayed sometimes drastically.”Krumpschmidt and fellow co-owner Alan Dayley said they are not motivated by profit, but by a desire to alleviate that congestion. Money from the parking spots goes toward supporting their shuttle service, they said, as well as employees who monitor the parking lots.“Nobody likes change,” Dayley said. “No one’s going to like having to pay for something that’s historically been free.”As for the U.S. Forest Service review, the Sasquatch Shuttle owners said their understanding is that the government agency is not challenging the fees themselves but the installation of a fee machine in the parking lot. They also said the question of who owns the lot has been bouncing around for nearly two years, with no resolution and no evidence presented to them either way.Until it all gets resolved, the new parking fees will remain with peak tourism season set to begin in May.Visitors who park in the main lot off Interstate 84 will continue to be able to park there for free, though $2 timed entry permits will once again be required between May 24 and Sept. 2, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily. Those permits will not be required for cars parking in the new Sasquatch Shuttle pay lot.Granum urged the public not to frame the parking issue as a conflict between Sasquatch Shuttle and the U.S. Forest Service. Both entities share the same vision for Multnomah Falls and the Historic Columbia River Highway, he said.“We have different authorities and different objectives just by our nature, but we’re all users of the gorge and stewards of all the responsibilities we have,” including recreational access, environmental considerations and economic development, Granum said. “All of those things are important and sometimes finding the balance in those doesn’t happen overnight.”The owners of Sasquatch Shuttle agreed, citing their continued good relationship with the agency.“We like the forest service, we’re all going the same direction and we all have the same end goal in mind,” Dayley said. “We have no beef with them whatsoever.”--Jamie Hale covers travel and the outdoors and co-hosts the Peak Northwest podcast. Reach him at 503-294-4077, jhale@oregonian.com or @HaleJamesB.Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com.

National Park Service approves new Crater Lake operator, ending Aramark’s tenure

Hospitality company ExplorUS will take over the contract, effective immediately.

A new concessioner is officially in place at Crater Lake National Park.The National Park Service announced Thursday that it has approved the transfer of the current concessions contract to Kansas-based hospitality company ExplorUS, ending the rocky tenure of Crater Lake Hospitality, a subsidiary of Philadelphia-based Aramark.Aramark faces a litany of serious accusations around its management of the park since 2018, including unsafe housing conditions, environmental hazards and public health code violations. An investigation by The Oregonian/OregonLive, which analyzed 224 pages of federal reports and interviewed 15 former employees, showed years of systemic issues.In February, after the allegations came to light, the National Park Service announced its intention to terminate the contract with Aramark at Crater Lake. Less than a month later, Aramark struck a deal with ExplorUS to take over the contract, which is set to end in 2030.The National Park Service said the new operator will immediately take over the primary visitor services at Crater Lake, including Crater Lake Lodge, the Mazama Campground, all public dining areas, gift shops and the boat tours. In a news release, park officials said they are “striving for a seamless transition of services but ask for flexibility and patience from park visitors.”“We look forward to working with ExplorUS as they invest in facilities, staff training, visitor services, and other improvements to make visitors’ and employees’ experiences at Crater Lake even better,” Crater Lake National Park Superintendent Craig Ackerman said in the release.The National Park Service did not specify whether ExplorUS would be taking over the employee dormitories, the source of many complaints during Aramark’s tenure, nor did the agency say whether employees would still be living in the Rim Dormitory, which received a score of zero out of five in its 2023 inspection.Neither park officials nor ExplorUS immediately responded to requests for more information Thursday.In a statement released in March, ExplorUS CEO Frank Pikus said the company is “committed to working with the National Park Service to enhance and protect the visitor experience” at Crater Lake.According to the company, ExplorUS runs hospitality operations at more than 50 locations across the U.S., including Muir Woods in California, Acadia National Park in Maine and Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. It also operates in state parks, national forests and other outdoor recreation areas, including campgrounds in Washington’s Gifford Pinchot National Forest.ExplorUS previously said it plans to transition all current Crater Lake Hospitality employees to its company, and intends to offer all visitor services this summer. The company also intends to honor all reservations and deposits for future stays.Information about available park services will be posted online at nps.gov/crla.--Jamie Hale covers travel and the outdoors and co-hosts the Peak Northwest podcast. Reach him at 503-294-4077, jhale@oregonian.com or @HaleJamesB.Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com.

Reforestation in US East helped keep it cool

According to new research, reforestation in the eastern U.S. helped counter rising temperatures in the 20th century. Learn more here. The post Reforestation in US East helped keep it cool first appeared on EarthSky.

Much of the U.S. warmed during the 20th century. But the eastern part of the country remained mysteriously cool. Now a new study suggests that a century of forest growth, due to widespread reforestation, likely helped keep the eastern U.S. cool as the rest of the country warmed. Image via Pexels/ Lauri Poldre. AGU posted this story originally, earlier this year. Edits by EarthSky. Widespread 20th-century reforestation in the eastern United States helped counter rising temperatures due to climate change, according to new research. The authors highlight the potential of forests as regional climate adaptation tools, which are needed along with a decrease in carbon emissions. Mallory Barnes is the lead author of the study and an environmental scientist at Indiana University. She said: It’s all about figuring out how much forests can cool down our environment and the extent of the effect. This knowledge is key not only for large-scale reforestation projections aimed at climate mitigation, but also for initiatives like urban tree planting. The peer-reviewed AGU journal Earth’s Future published on February 13, 2024. Join our community of passionate astronomy enthusiasts and help us continue to bring you the latest astronomy news and insights. Your donation makes it all possible. Thank you! Deforestation to reforestation Before European colonization, the eastern United States was almost entirely covered in temperate forests. From the late 18th to early 20th centuries, timber harvests and clearing for agriculture led to forest losses. Those losses exceeded 90% in some areas. In the 1930s, there were efforts to revive the forests, coupled with the abandonment and subsequent reforestation of subpar agricultural fields. Those kicked off an almost century-long comeback for eastern forests. About 15 million hectares of forest have since grown in these areas. Kim Novick is an environmental scientist at Indiana University and co-author of the new study. Novick said: The extent of the deforestation that happened in the eastern United States is remarkable, and the consequences were grave. It was a dramatic land cover change, and not that long ago. A warming hole During the period of regrowth, global warming was well underway. Temperatures across North America rose 0.7 degrees Celsius (1.23 degrees Fahrenheit) on average. In contrast, from 1900 to 2000, the East Coast and Southeast cooled by about 0.3 degrees Celsius (0.5 degrees Fahrenheit), with the strongest cooling in the southeast. Previous studies suggested the cooling could be caused by aerosols, agricultural activity or increased precipitation. But many of these factors only explained highly localized cooling. Despite known relationships between forests and cooling, studies had not considered forests as a possible explanation for the anomalous, widespread cooling. Barnes said: This widespread history of reforestation, a huge shift in land cover, hasn’t been widely studied for how it could’ve contributed to the anomalous lack of warming in the eastern U.S., which climate scientists call a ‘warming hole.’ That’s why we initially set out to do this work. Trees are cool Barnes, Novick and their team used a combination of data from satellites and 58 meteorological towers to compare forests to nearby grasslands and croplands. This allowed an examination of how changes in forest cover can influence ground surface temperatures and in the few meters of air right above the surface. The researchers found that forests in the eastern U.S. today cool the land’s surface by one to two degrees Celsius (1.8 to 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) annually. The strongest cooling effect occurs at midday in the summer, when trees lower temperatures by two to five degrees Celsius (3.6 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit). Trees provide relief when it’s needed most. Using data from a network of gas-measuring towers, the team showed this cooling effect also extends to the air. They found forests lower the near-surface air temperature by up to one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) during midday. (Previous work on trees’ cooling effect has focused on land, not air, temperatures.) Reforestation cooling extends into unforested areas The team then used historic land cover and daily weather data from 398 weather stations to track the relationship between forest cover and land and near-surface air temperatures from 1900 to 2010. They found that by the end of the 20th century, weather stations surrounded by forests were up to one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) cooler than locations that did not undergo reforestation. Spots up to 300 meters (984 feet) away also cooled. That suggests the cooling effect of reforestation could have extended even to unforested parts of the landscape. Other factors, such as changes in agricultural irrigation, may have also had a cooling effect on the study region. The reforestation of the eastern United States in the 20th century likely contributed to, but cannot fully explain, the cooling anomaly, the authors said. Barnes said: It’s exciting to be able to contribute additional information to the long-standing and perplexing question of, ‘Why hasn’t the eastern United States warmed at a rate commensurate with the rest of the world?’ We can’t explain all of the cooling, but we propose that reforestation is an important part of the story. A strategy for climate change? Reforestation in the eastern United States is generally regarded as a viable strategy for climate mitigation due to the capacity of these forests to sequester and store carbon. The authors note that their work suggests that eastern United States reforestation also represents an important tool for climate adaptation. However, in different environments, such as snow-covered boreal regions, adding trees could have a warming effect. In some locations, reforestation can also affect precipitation, cloud cover and other regional scale processes in ways that may or may not be beneficial. Land managers must therefore consider other environmental factors when evaluating the utility of forests as a climate adaptation tool. Bottom line: According to new research, reforestation in the eastern United States helped counter rising temperatures in the 20th century. Source: A Century of Reforestation Reduced Anthropogenic Warming in the Eastern United States Via AGU Read more: Sea level rise creating ghost forests in U.S. East Read more: Wildfires turn world’s largest forests into carbon emittersThe post Reforestation in US East helped keep it cool first appeared on EarthSky.

The big dry: forests and shrublands are dying in parched Western Australia

Intense heat and no rain in southwest Western Australia are causing widespread tree and shrub die-offs.

Author provided, CC BY-NC-NDPerth has just had its driest six months on record, while Western Australia sweltered through its hottest summer on record. Those records are remarkable in their own right. But these records are having real consequences. Unlike us, trees and shrubs can’t escape the heat and aridity. While we turn up the air conditioning, they bear the full brunt of the changing climate. Our previous research has shown plants are more vulnerable to heatwaves than we had thought. Beginning in February 2024, large areas of vegetation started to turn brown and die off. With no real relief in sight, we unfortunately expect this mass plant death event to intensify and expand. Just like a coral bleaching event, WA’s plants are responding to the cumulative stress of the unusually long, hot and dry summer. And just like bleaching, global heating is likely to cause more regular mass plant deaths. The last time this happened in 2010-11, almost 20% of trees and shrubs in affected areas died. This is in line with climate change models, which pinpoint south-western Australia as a warming and drying hotspot. Patches of forest have begun to die. Joe Fontaine, CC BY-NC-ND Which trees and shrubs are dying and where? We have received reports from community members, colleagues, and authorities of dead and dying shrubs and trees spanning approximately 1,000 km from the Zuytdorp Cliffs near Shark Bay down to Albany on the southern coast. This year’s die-off is wide ranging, from Shark Bay to Albany (a) and across many types of plant, from jarrah forest (b,d), southern wet forests near granites (c), and shrublands and woodlands north of Perth (e) Joe Fontaine, CC BY-NC-ND In areas along the west coast where it was hottest, dead or dying patches are larger while further south in the forests, the damage is so far limited to pockets of dead trees and shrinking tree canopies. Read more: Drying land and heating seas: why nature in Australia's southwest is on the climate frontline At present, the die-off seems to have affected plants on and around shallow soils, including trees near granite outcrops and coastal heath. While February heatwaves directly killed some plants, it is likely the long, dry period finished the job. Despite some patchy rain last week, no substantial rain is forecast until May. It’s likely more areas will be hit, including our iconic wet forests in the south. Coastal heath shrublands are dying. Joe Fontaine, CC BY-NC-ND How hot has it been? Perth once again smashed temperature records this summer with a record thirteen days over 40°C in 2024 to date. Even in April, we had a 37°C day. This comes off the back of last year’s spring heatwaves, which broke monthly maximum and minimum temperature records in both September and November. While much of Australia’s east coast had more than enough rain, the west largely missed out. Rainfall has been below or very much below average over the past year, with the biggest rainfall deficits seen from Shark Bay’s Gascoyne region right down to the southwest corner at Cape Leeuwin. Hot and dry: these decile maps show a. 12-month rainfall, b. maximum temperature, and c. minimum temperatures in Western Australia from April 2023 to March 2024. Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CC BY-NC-ND The summer’s heatwaves came from baking desert air, as high pressure systems directed hot dry easterly winds from Australia’s arid interior over the region, just as we saw during the hot summer of 2021-2022, Long hot and dry periods are expected to become more common as a result of our warming climate. Declining rainfall will hit the historically wetter southwest hardest. This pocket of Australia is unique, cut off from the rest of the continent by desert. Here and only here live honey possums and numbats, towering karri and jarrah trees and red flowering gums. But it’s the southwest which has lost most rainfall so far, with annual levels already 20% lower than 50 years ago. Read more: Decades of less rainfall have cut replenishing of groundwater to 800-year low in WA It’s happened before – but this time is worse Over the summer of 2010-2011, we saw a similar event sweep south-western Australia. It came about when a winter drought gave way to widespread heatwaves over summer. The result: die-off of forests and vegetation throughout the southwest. On land, the effects extended over a smaller area than we are seeing now. How bad was it? Pretty bad. Averaging across the region’s affected areas, 19% of trees and shrubs died, while the forests of the south-west lost approximately 16,000 hectares of canopy, about 1.5% of the forest. When forests die, the effects ripple through the ecosystem. The endangered Carnaby’s black cockatoo population crashed, declining by 60%, while the jarrah forest east of Perth was so hard hit it was categorised at “risk of collapse” by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This time, the summer has been longer and hotter, with impacts on plants more widespread. Climate change is steadily warming the world. Last year was the hottest on record, with temperatures shooting past predictions. What can we do? Our trees and shrubs will keep browning off and dying until we get substantial rain. That means there’s no way to tell when our extraordinary range of forest and shrubland species will have the opportunity to recover. The longer term trend is not good. As with coral bleaching, the situation will worsen until we reverse climate change. Large-scale plant die-offs like this will become more likely. What we do need are eyes on the ground to track what’s happening across this enormous state. Our ability to understand, model and respond is hampered by a lack of field data. If you want to help, take photos of dead or dying trees and upload them to the Dead Tree Detectives citizen science project hosted on the Atlas of Living Australia. Read more: Decades of less rainfall have cut replenishing of groundwater to 800-year low in WA Joe Fontaine receives funding from the Australian Research Council and WA Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions.Jatin Kala receives funding from the Australian Research Council, the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation (WA), and the Department of Primary Industries and Rural Development (WA)Nate Anderson receives funding from the Australian Flora Foundation, and a PhD stipend from the Department of Education. George Matusick and Kerryn Hawke do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Suggested Viewing

Join us to forge
a sustainable future

Our team is always growing.
Become a partner, volunteer, sponsor, or intern today.
Let us know how you would like to get involved!

CONTACT US

sign up for our mailing list to stay informed on the latest films and environmental headlines.

Subscribers receive a free day pass for streaming Cinema Verde.
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.