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Fulshear City Council considering moratorium on new development as water problems persist

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Tuesday, September 19, 2023

The suburb southwest of Houston has more than doubled in population during the last few years. Its explosive growth as well as prolonged hot and dry weather have contributed to capacity and pressure issues within Fulshear's water supply.

The suburb southwest of Houston has more than doubled in population during the last few years. Its explosive growth as well as prolonged hot and dry weather have contributed to capacity and pressure issues within Fulshear's water supply.

The suburb southwest of Houston has more than doubled in population during the last few years. Its explosive growth as well as prolonged hot and dry weather have contributed to capacity and pressure issues within Fulshear's water supply.
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New Zealand freshwater study sounds alarm over E coli pollution levels

The report Our Land and Water looks at how waterways are polluted by four major contaminants in 650,000 river segments, 961 lakes and 419 estuariesA new study of New Zealand’s freshwater quality has painted a sobering picture, showing that E coli is seeping through three-quarters of the land and into waterways at higher levels than national regulations allow.The report, funded by the government-backed organisation Our Land and Water, looked at how rivers, lakes, and estuaries are polluted by four major contaminants, including E coli, a bacteria found in the intestines of many animals and humans that can cause serious illness. Continue reading...

A new study of New Zealand’s freshwater quality has painted a sobering picture, showing that E coli is seeping through three-quarters of the land and into waterways at higher levels than national regulations allow.The report, funded by the government-backed organisation Our Land and Water, looked at how rivers, lakes, and estuaries are polluted by four major contaminants, including E coli, a bacteria found in the intestines of many animals and humans that can cause serious illness.It highlights the challenge New Zealand faces in bringing contaminant levels down in line with the guidelines outlined in the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management.“The big picture that we see in terms of water quality is the impact of agriculture, which is quite ubiquitous because agriculture occupies about 35% of our total land use,” said Ton Snelder, director of LWP, a company involved in creating the report.“There are other land uses in particular, urban land use that can also have quite a significant impact on water quality,” he said.Along with E. coli, the report looked at levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment at 850 water monitoring sites across the country and modelled how those contaminates might affect New Zealand’s 650,000 river segments, 961 lakes and 419 estuaries. Nitrogen and phosphorus naturally occur in soil, but dangerous levels are often attributed to farming byproducts, such as cattle urine. Sediment is another naturally occurring pollutant that can reach unhealthy levels due to human-caused erosion as well as urban and agricultural land use.The report found that substantial reductions of at least one of the four contaminants were required in almost all regions of the country to meet national regulations. Maps generated by the report’s data demonstrate the human impact on waterways – the sparsely populated west coast of New Zealand’s South Island shows low levels of the contaminants. However, areas such as Canterbury, which has intensive dairy farming, and Auckland, the country’s largest city, show high levels of either nitrogen or E. coli.Reducing contaminants falls to local councils, which are required to regulate farms and urban areas to improve freshwater. Richard McDowell, a chief scientist at Our Land and Water and professor at Lincoln University, said nitrogen and phosphorus in waterways can decrease when farmers use less fertiliser and ensure cattle effluent from dairy sheds does not run into waterways.Land use change, such as switching from dairy to forestry or crops where suitable, can improve water quality, McDowell said, acknowledging the balance between environmental and social challenges. In recent years, farmers have blamed rural unemployment on high numbers of cattle farms converting to forestry.Unrelated to the study, New Zealand has seen a handful of swimming areas off-limits due to water pollution. Traces of human faeces were recently found in the waters of Corsair Bay, a popular Christchurch swimming spot. In Auckland, a burst sewage pipe near the Hauraki Gulf spewed raw sewage into the harbour for weeks until the issue was temporarily fixed. In parts of the upmarket mountain town of Queenstown, a “boil water notice has been in place since mid-September due to an outbreak of cryptosporidium, which can cause diarrhoea and stomach cramps. The likely cause is human or animal faeces.

A Bitcoin transaction uses as much water as a backyard swimming pool, according to new research

It was meant to revolutionize finance, and free us all from the tyranny of centralized control of our banking. But it turns out, Bitcoin just might end up killing our planet. That’s the findings of a new study by Alex de Vries, a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, who has put forward an estimate for how much water is consumed every time someone buys, sells, or mines Bitcoin on the blockchain. Writing in the journal Cell Reports Sustainability, de Vries calculated that in 2021 mining Bitcoin consumed more than 1,600 gigaliters of water worldwide, with every single transaction on the blockchain using 16,000 liters of water—6.2 million times more than is used every time we swipe a credit card to pay for something. Water is used in these transactions to cool the computer equipment used to mine Bitcoin, as well as to cool the power plants that supply the electricity for those computers. “In order to generate electricity, you also need a lot of water to cool the fossil fuel-based power plants,” he explains. Only between 10% and 20% of the water usage involved with every Bitcoin transaction is direct—that is, used to cool the equipment that actually mines the Bitcoin, says de Vries. The remainder is the transaction’s indirect footprint, where water is used elsewhere along the supply chain. “Water footprint is a very important, but often overlooked, environmental cost of computing systems, including AI and Bitcoin,” says Shaolei Ren, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Riverside, who tries to track the water impact of various technologies. Ren was not involved in the Cell Reports Sustainability study. Ren welcomes the paper putting forward a concrete estimate of the overall water footprint of Bitcoin. “The operational water footprint for server and power-plant cooling is already huge,” he says. “If we further factor in the embodied water footprint for manufacturing Bitcoin servers, the total water footprint could be easily doubled. But, at this point, there’s been very little, if any, data available for the embodied water footprint.” However, Ren points out that the calculations put forward by de Vries might actually underestimate water usage in one comparison: The paper compares the water footprint of Bitcoin in the United States to the water usage of 300,000 U.S. households—shocking enough. But Ren believes that household water usage has been conflated with household water withdrawal. Households only consume around 10% of their water withdrawal—meaning that the equivalent number of households should be 10 times higher, or three million households. Regardless of the numbers involved, de Vries believes it’s incumbent on the crypto industry to do better—both as a collective, and as individual miners. “The miners themselves can bring down their own water consumption by relying on cooling methods that don’t use that much water,” he says, pointing to immersive cooling, where computer equipment is cooled using special fluid, not water. How you source your power is also important, de Vries adds: Wind, solar, and other renewable sources are preferable to fossil fuel plants, which are often cooled by water. But the best way, he suggests, is to rewrite how Bitcoins are mined. He points to Ethereum, which recently changed the way it produces cryptocurrency from an energy-intensive proof-of-work mining to a proof-of-stake method. “By making that change, they got rid of the need for computational power altogether,” he says. “In their case, they cut their power demand by 99.85% as a result of just changing the software. You can make this happen too in Bitcoin—if you really want to.”

It was meant to revolutionize finance, and free us all from the tyranny of centralized control of our banking. But it turns out, Bitcoin just might end up killing our planet. That’s the findings of a new study by Alex de Vries, a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, who has put forward an estimate for how much water is consumed every time someone buys, sells, or mines Bitcoin on the blockchain. Writing in the journal Cell Reports Sustainability, de Vries calculated that in 2021 mining Bitcoin consumed more than 1,600 gigaliters of water worldwide, with every single transaction on the blockchain using 16,000 liters of water—6.2 million times more than is used every time we swipe a credit card to pay for something. Water is used in these transactions to cool the computer equipment used to mine Bitcoin, as well as to cool the power plants that supply the electricity for those computers. “In order to generate electricity, you also need a lot of water to cool the fossil fuel-based power plants,” he explains. Only between 10% and 20% of the water usage involved with every Bitcoin transaction is direct—that is, used to cool the equipment that actually mines the Bitcoin, says de Vries. The remainder is the transaction’s indirect footprint, where water is used elsewhere along the supply chain. “Water footprint is a very important, but often overlooked, environmental cost of computing systems, including AI and Bitcoin,” says Shaolei Ren, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Riverside, who tries to track the water impact of various technologies. Ren was not involved in the Cell Reports Sustainability study. Ren welcomes the paper putting forward a concrete estimate of the overall water footprint of Bitcoin. “The operational water footprint for server and power-plant cooling is already huge,” he says. “If we further factor in the embodied water footprint for manufacturing Bitcoin servers, the total water footprint could be easily doubled. But, at this point, there’s been very little, if any, data available for the embodied water footprint.” However, Ren points out that the calculations put forward by de Vries might actually underestimate water usage in one comparison: The paper compares the water footprint of Bitcoin in the United States to the water usage of 300,000 U.S. households—shocking enough. But Ren believes that household water usage has been conflated with household water withdrawal. Households only consume around 10% of their water withdrawal—meaning that the equivalent number of households should be 10 times higher, or three million households. Regardless of the numbers involved, de Vries believes it’s incumbent on the crypto industry to do better—both as a collective, and as individual miners. “The miners themselves can bring down their own water consumption by relying on cooling methods that don’t use that much water,” he says, pointing to immersive cooling, where computer equipment is cooled using special fluid, not water. How you source your power is also important, de Vries adds: Wind, solar, and other renewable sources are preferable to fossil fuel plants, which are often cooled by water. But the best way, he suggests, is to rewrite how Bitcoins are mined. He points to Ethereum, which recently changed the way it produces cryptocurrency from an energy-intensive proof-of-work mining to a proof-of-stake method. “By making that change, they got rid of the need for computational power altogether,” he says. “In their case, they cut their power demand by 99.85% as a result of just changing the software. You can make this happen too in Bitcoin—if you really want to.”

Tensions Are Bubbling up at Thirsty Arizona Alfalfa Farms as Foreign Firms Exploit Unregulated Water

Worries about future water supplies from ancient aquifers are bubbling up in western rural Arizona

WENDEN, Ariz. (AP) — A blanket of bright green alfalfa spreads across western Arizona's McMullen Valley, ringed by rolling mountains and warmed by the hot desert sun. Matthew Hancock's family has used groundwater to grow forage crops here for more than six decades. They're long accustomed to caprices of Mother Nature that can spoil an entire alfalfa cutting with a downpour or generate an especially big yield with a string of blistering days.But concerns about future water supplies from the valley's ancient aquifers, which hold groundwater supplies, are bubbling up in Wenden, a town of around 700 people where the Hancock family farms. Some neighbors complain their backyard wells have dried up since the Emirati agribusiness Al Dahra began farming alfalfa here on about 3,000 acres (1,214 hectares) several years ago. It is unknown how much water the Al Dahra operation uses, but Hancock estimates it needs 15,000 to 16,000 acre feet a year based on what his own alfalfa farm needs. He says he gets all the water he needs by drilling down hundreds of feet. An acre-foot of water is roughly enough to serve two to three U.S. households annually.Hancock said he and neighbors with larger farms worry more that in the future state officials could take control of the groundwater they now use for agriculture and transfer it to Phoenix and other urban areas amid the worst Western drought in centuries.“I worry about the local community farming in Arizona,” Hancock said, standing outside an open-sided barn stacked with hay bales. Concerns about the Earth’s groundwater supplies are front of mind in the lead-up to COP28, the annual United Nations climate summit opening this week in the Emirati city of Dubai. Gulf countries like the UAE are especially vulnerable to global warming, with high temperatures, arid climates, water scarcity and rising sea levels. “Water shortages have driven companies to go where the water is,” said Robert Glennon, a water policy and law expert and professor emeritus at the University of Arizona.Experts say tensions are inevitable as companies in climate-challenged countries like the United Arab Emirates increasingly look to faraway places like Arizona for the water and land to grow forage for livestock and commodities such as wheat for domestic use and export. “As the impacts of climate change increase, we expect to see more droughts,” said Karim Elgendy, a climate change and sustainability specialist at Chatham House think tank in London. “This means more countries would look for alternative locations for food production.”Without groundwater pumping regulations, rural Arizona is especially attractive, said Elgendy, who focuses on the Middle East and North Africa. International corporations have also turned to Ethiopia and other parts of Africa to develop enormous farming operations criticized as “land grabbing.”La Paz County Supervisor Holly Irwin welcomes a recent crackdown by Arizona officials on unfettered groundwater pumping long allowed in rural areas, noting local concerns about dried up wells and subsidence that's created ground fissures and flooding during heavy rains. “You’re starting to see the effects of lack of regulation," she said. "Number one, we don’t know how much water we have in these aquifers, and we don’t know how much is being pumped out.” Irwin laments that foreign firms are "mining our natural resource to grow crops such as alfalfa ... and they’re shipping it overseas back to their country where they’ve depleted their water source.”Gary Saiter, board chairman and general manager of the Wenden Domestic Water Improvement District, said utility records showed the surface-to-water depth at its headquarters was a little over 100 feet (30 meters) in the 1950s, but it's now now about 540 feet (160 meters).Saiter said that over those years, food crops like cantaloupe have been replaced with forage like alfalfa, which is water intensive. “I believe that the legislature in the state needs to step up and actually put some control, start measuring the water that the farms use," Saiter said.Gov. Katie Hobbs in October yanked the state’s land lease on another La Paz County alfalfa farm, one operated by Fondomonte Arizona, a subsidiary of Saudi dairy giant Almarai Co. The Democrat said the state would not renew three other Fondomonte leases next year, saying the company violated some lease terms.Fondomonte denied that, and said it will appeal the decision to terminate its 640-acre (259-hectare) lease in Butler Valley. Arizona has less control over Al Dahra, which farms on land leased from a private North Carolina-based corporation. Glennon, the Arizona water policy expert, said he worked with a consulting group that advised Saudi Arabia more than a decade ago to import hay and other crops rather than drain its aquifers. He said Arizona also must protect its groundwater.“I do think we need sensible regulation," said Glennon. “I don’t want farms to go out of business, but I don’t want them to drain the aquifers, either.”Seeking crops for domestic use and export, Al Dahra farms wheat and barley in Romania, operates a flour mill in Bulgaria, and owns milking cows in Serbia. It runs a rice mill in Pakistan and grows grapes in Namibia and citrus in Egypt. It serves markets worldwide.The company is controlled by the state-owned firm ADQ, an Abu Dhabi-based investment and holding company. Its chairman is the country’s powerful, behind-the-scenes national security adviser Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan, a brother of ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The company did not respond to numerous emails and voicemails sent to its UAE offices and its subsidiary Al Dahra ACX in the U.S. seeking comment about its Arizona operation.But on its website, Al Dahra acknowledges the challenges of climate change, noting “the continuing decrease in cultivable land and diminishing water resources available for farming.” The firm says it considers water and food security at ”the core of its strategy” and uses drip irrigation to optimize water use.Foreign and out-of-state U.S. farms are not banned from farming in Arizona, nor from selling their goods worldwide. U.S. farmers commonly export hay and other forage crops to countries including Saudi Arabia and China.In Arizona’s Cochise County that relies on groundwater, residents worry that the mega-dairy operated there by Riverview LLP of Minnesota could deplete their water supplies. The company did not respond to a request for comment about its water use. “The problem is not who is doing it, but that we are allowing it to be done,” said Kathleen Ferris, a senior research fellow at the Kyl Center for Water Policy at Arizona State University. “We need to pass laws giving more control over groundwater uses in these unregulated areas.”A former director of the Arizona Department of Water Resources, Ferris helped draw up the state’s 1980 Groundwater Management Act that protects aquifers in urban areas like Phoenix but not in rural agricultural areas.Many people mistakenly believe groundwater is a personal property right, Ferris said, noting that the Arizona Supreme Court has ruled there's only a property right to water once it has been pumped.In Arizona, rural resistance to limits on pumping remains strong and efforts to create rules have gone nowhere in the Legislature. The Arizona Farm Bureau has pushed back at narratives that portray foreign agribusiness firms like Al Dahra as groundwater pirates. The state is “the wild West” when it comes to groundwater, said Kathryn Sorensen, research director at the Kyl Center. “Whoever has the biggest well and pumps the most groundwater wins.”“Arizona is blessed to have a very large and productive groundwater,” she added. “But just like an oil field, if you pump it out at a significant rate, then you deplete the water and it’s gone.”Associated Press writer Jon Gambrell in Dubai contributed to this report. The Associated Press receives support from the Walton Family Foundation for coverage of water and environmental policy. The AP is solely responsible for all content. For all of AP’s environmental coverage, visit https://apnews.com/hub/climate-and-environmentCopyright 2023 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Moonlight basking and queer courting: new research reveals the secret lives of Australian freshwater turtles

Australian freshwater turtles are a vital part of healthy waterways, but we don’t know enough about them. A new roundup of turtle research aims to buck the trend.

Rob D the Pastry Chef, ShutterstockAustralian freshwater turtles support healthy wetlands and rivers. Yet one in three turtle species is threatened with extinction. And there is still much we don’t know about them. In today’s special issue of the journal Austral Ecology, 55 authors present the latest research on Australian freshwater turtles. Along with other biologists, we have contributed to a series of research papers to inform ecology and conservation of freshwater turtles. Our research reveals some fresh insights into turtle behaviour, survey methods and conservation strategies. Read more: There's a thriving global market in turtles, and much of that trade is illegal Spy wear and other turtle tech In one study researchers compared data from underwater video cameras to traditional trapping surveys and achieved similar results. They detected 83 turtles from 52 hours of footage and identified all species in the study area. Overall, baited remote underwater videos proved to be a “useful, time effective, non-invasive technique to collect relative abundance and species richness estimates for freshwater turtles”. Another study provided the first vision of a wild saw-shelled turtle attempting to court a mate. The male sought affection from the female turtle by waving his feet and pressing his nose into her face. Underwater cameras captured a male saw-shelled turtle courting a larger female. Donald McKnight Meanwhile, a different male was observed trying to mount a larger male. This was the first case of same-sex mounting seen in this species. We are continuing to unravel curious turtle behaviour known as nocturnal basking. During the day, many reptiles regulate their body temperature by sunning themselves. But some freshwater turtles (and crocodiles) also emerge from the water and bask on logs at night. To find out why, scientists in Queensland measured the preferred temperature of Krefft’s river turtles and watched them bask more when the water was hot. So it seems they do this to stay cool in hot weather. Krefft’s river turtles basking at night in the Ross River, Townsville, Queensland. Eric Nordberg Over in desert country, we recaptured Cooper Creek turtles after two decades. While we were there, the site became surrounded with floodwater – this provided a rare opportunity to find turtles moving onto the floodplain to find food. We also found lots of baby turtles. This is in contrast to most places around Australia, which have ongoing problems with foxes eating turtle nests. This large female turtle at Cooper Creek was recaptured after two decades. Donald McKnight Conservation success stories Foxes target freshwater turtle nests across Australia, reducing breeding success. Researchers are experimenting with measures to protect nests from predators. In the New England Tablelands, temporary electric fences served to protect turtle nests from foxes over three breeding spring-summer seasons from 2019 to 2022. But in the Murray River, plastic mesh over individual nests only protected some of them. Nest protection supports conservation of the endangered Mary River turtle. Over 22 years, more than 100 members of the local community in the Mary River Catchment have led initiatives to protect Mary River turtles. Working with communities has dual benefits – for research and for the people involved, who enjoy connecting to nature. These collaborations have helped improve river management, informing delivery of water for the environment and improving the quality of river habitats for turtles. November is Turtle Month for the 1 Million turtles campaign, a national citizen science program bringing together scientists and the community, to support freshwater turtle conservation initiatives. Through the free TurtleSAT app, people can do more than just report turtle sightings. They can actively contribute to data-driven turtle management. The app provides real-time data visualisation. The program website also provides education, helping citizen scientists protect nests, establish predator-free turtle sanctuaries, engage in national experiments, and deepen their understanding of turtles and wetlands. With more than 18,000 records logged, 1,200 turtles saved from road hazards and 500 nests protected, this initiative is crucial in light of the growing threats faced by freshwater turtle species. Read more: Our turtle program shows citizen science isn't just great for data, it makes science feel personal Challenges and solutions Of Australia’s 25 freshwater turtle species, 12 are so poorly known their national conservation status could not be assessed during this 2022 review. Many of these lesser-known species occur in northern Australia. Of the 15 species or subspecies assessed, we recommended listing a higher level of threat for eight. This included western saw-shelled turtles, which were recently uplisted from vulnerable to endangered. Threats include habitat loss, being eaten by foxes or feral pigs, disease, fire, and moving species into new areas where they breed with existing turtle species. To manage these threats, we need to move beyond engagement to an integrated approach, where conservation advice is co-determined by First Nations people who are closely involved in implementing recovery plans and action plans. There is immense value in establishing long-term studies to track these long-lived species. And technology continues to provide new opportunities to learn more. Future conservation and management will require working with communities to learn more about turtles and protect them. If one million people each save one turtle, collectively we will have made a big difference. Read more: Turtles on the tarmac could delay flights at Western Sydney airport Deborah Bower receives funding from the Australian Research Council, NSW Department of Environment and Planning, and the Northern Tablelands Local Land Services.Donald McKnight works for the Savanna Field Station and received funding from the Australian Society of Herpetologists and Winifred Violet Scott Charitable Trust.Eric Nordberg receives funding from the National Environmental Science Program Landscape Hub, Australian Departments of Environment and Planning, and Northern Tablelands Local Land Services.James Van Dyke receives funding from the Australian Research Council and the Australian Department of Industry, Science and Resources.Michael B Thompson has received funding for turtle research from the Australian Research Council. He is also involved with the 1 Million Turtles program funded by a Commonwealth Citizen Science grant. Ricky Spencer receives funding from the Australian Research Council, WIRES and Department of Industry, Science and Resources.

Raw sewage discharged into Chichester harbour for over 1,200 hours in a month

Campaigners say Southern Water outflows into protected wildlife site are an ‘assault on the environment’ Raw sewage has been discharged into Chichester harbour for more than 1,200 hours in the past month, in what campaigners described as “an assault on the environment”.The protected harbour in West Sussex, which is a designated area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB), has been subjected to the discharges since 24 October. Continue reading...

Raw sewage has been discharged into Chichester harbour for more than 1,200 hours in the past month, in what campaigners described as “an assault on the environment”.The protected harbour in West Sussex, which is a designated area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB), has been subjected to the discharges since 24 October.Data from Southern Water’s Beachbuoy system, which shows real-time sewage discharges from storm overflows, reveals the storm outflow at Thornham in Chichester has been releasing sewage for 710 hours and five minutes between 24 October and 23 November.The storm overflow at Bosham, also in the harbour, shows multiple discharges including one of 281 hours and 24 minutes between 27 October and 8 November, and another of 213 hours and seven minutes.Ed Acteson of SOS Whitstable, which campaigns for an end to raw sewage dumping in Kent, Sussex and Hampshire, said: “That a coastal bathing location such as Chichester harbour, a designated area of outstanding natural beauty, should suffer over 1,200 hours of sewage pollution in a under month is nothing short of an assault on the environment.”The wildlife site is one of 34 in England protected by law to conserve and enhance its natural beauty.Southern Water has labelled the raw sewage discharges as “genuine” on its Beachbuoy app, suggesting it believes they are compliant with permits issued by the Environment Agency. The company is blaming heavy rainfall caused by Storm Babet and Storm Ciarán for the discharges.Matt Briers, the chief executive of Chichester Harbour Conservancy, said: “Water quality sampling in the harbour has confirmed increased levels of pollution following recent heavy rainfall.“This highlights the inability of local infrastructure to cope and the critical importance for urgent improvements to infrastructure essential in preventing pollution entering the harbour from storm overflow and runoff.”Briers said the conservancy group would continue to push for tighter control of pollution in the sea that was fit for a protected natural landscape.He said the group was “extremely concerned” about the impact of pollution in the harbour resulting from human activity. This can range from sewage entering the harbour water but also microplastics, chemicals and nitrates.“The harbour AONB is one of the most important sites for wildlife in the UK. Already threatened, its protected habitats were assessed to be in an ‘unfavourable declining’ condition in 2021,” he said. “Good water quality is essential for the health of the harbour; particularly for the wildlife that depend on it.”Chichester harbour is one of three harbours that Southern Water is spending £72m on treating more wastewater and reducing storm overflows to help the natural habitats.SOS Whitstable also highlighted that during a similar time period, two outfalls in Sandown, Isle of Wight, had more than 1,380 hours combined spillage time.Storm Babet hit the UK from 18-20 October, with the Met Office recording the three-day period as the third wettest for England and Wales since 1891.Storm Ciarán followed from 1-2 November, causing a major incident in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight as it worsened existing flooding problems.“The astonishing length of the sewage releases … will have a devastating environmental effect on these areas and, despite the heavy rainfall in recent weeks, there can be absolutely no justification over this level of water pollution,” said Acteson.“Storm overflows are supposed to be used in exceptional circumstances to ease pressure on the sewage network, how could anybody seriously claim that a month of consecutive sewage pollution is ‘exceptional’?”A spokesperson for Southern Water said: “We agree with campaigners and our customers that storm overflow releases are not acceptable and that’s why reducing this is our top priority.”Explaining the cause of these specific incidents, the spokesperson added: “These longer releases are as a result of weeks of heavy rainfall, where either surface water is running off already saturated ground into our sewers, or groundwater is forcing its way into our pipes as pressure builds.”

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